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The 1.7-kb genomic sequence upstream of the start codon in exon 1 of the\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>Iba1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Aif1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene, functions as microglia preferential promoter in the striatum and cerebellum. Furthermore, ectopic transgene expression in non-microglial cells is markedly suppressed upon adding two sets of 4-repeated miRNA target sites for miR-9 and miR-129-2-3p, which are expressed exclusively in non-microglial cells and sponged AAV-derived mRNAs. Our vectors transduced ramified microglia in healthy tissues and reactive microglia in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice and a mouse model of neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, live fluorescent imaging allowed the monitoring of microglial motility and intracellular Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    mobilization. Thus, microglia-targeting AAV vectors are valuable for studying microglial pathophysiology and therapies, particularly in the striatum and cerebellum.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04200-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T12:04:15Z","timestamp":1668168255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Development of microglia-targeting adeno-associated viral vectors as tools to study microglial behavior in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Okada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7889-2542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobutake","family":"Hosoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Matsuzaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuuki","family":"Fukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akito","family":"Hiraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Nakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Nitta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichiro","family":"Shinohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9382-396X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayumu","family":"Konno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0721-4293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirokazu","family":"Hirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"4200_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1202529","volume":"333","author":"RC Paolicelli","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paolicelli, R. 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