{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:48:15Z","timestamp":1792630095362,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is the biggest component of whole-body energy output. Mitochondrial energy production during exercise is impaired in vitamin D-deficient subjects. In cultured myotubes, loss of vitamin D receptor (VDR) function decreases mitochondrial respiration rate and ATP production from oxidative phosphorylation. We aimed to examine the effects of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on whole-body energy expenditure and muscle mitochondrial function in old rats, old mice, and human subjects. To gain further insight into the mechanisms involved, we used C2C12 and human muscle cells and transgenic mice with muscle-specific VDR tamoxifen-inducible deficiency. We observed that in vivo and in vitro vitamin D fluctuations changed mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative activity in skeletal muscle. Vitamin D supplementation initiated in older people improved muscle mass and strength. We hypothesize that vitamin D supplementation is likely to help prevent not only sarcopenia but also sarcopenic obesity in vitamin D-deficient subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04246-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T19:57:28Z","timestamp":1669406248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Vitamin D status modulates mitochondrial oxidative capacities in skeletal muscle: role in sarcopenia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Salles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Chanet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"Guillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anouk MM.","family":"Vaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elske M.","family":"Brouwer-Brolsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1859-9704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Rocher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Giraudet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Patrac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Meugnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christophe","family":"Montaurier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Le Bacquer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeline","family":"Blot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Jourdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yvette","family":"Luiking","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Furber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Van Dijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Tardif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Yves Boirie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4349-3664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Walrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"4246_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-019-00559-4","volume":"106","author":"KD Cashman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cashman, K. D. Vitamin D deficiency: defining, prevalence, causes, and strategies of addressing. Calcif. Tissue Int. 106, 14\u201329 (2020).","journal-title":"Calcif. Tissue Int."},{"key":"4246_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000358","volume":"20","author":"C Domingues-Faria","year":"2017","unstructured":"Domingues-Faria, C., Boirie, Y. & Walrand, S. Vitamin D and muscle trophicity. Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care 20, 169\u2013174 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"4246_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2004.19.2.265","volume":"19","author":"HA Bischoff-Ferrari","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A. et al. Vitamin D receptor expression in human muscle tissue decreases with age. J. Bone Miner. Res. 19, 265\u2013269 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"4246_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1038\/s41367-019-0010-8","volume":"9","author":"S Migliaccio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Migliaccio, S. et al. Obesity and hypovitaminosis D: causality or casualty? Int. J. Obes. Suppl. 9, 20\u201331 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes. Suppl."},{"key":"4246_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12154","volume":"8","author":"J Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim, J. et al. Association of serum vitamin D with osteosarcopenic obesity: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010. J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 8, 259\u2013266 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"4246_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-013-0454-9","volume":"31","author":"LJ Hanks","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hanks, L. J. et al. Vitamin D and calcium-sensing receptor polymorphisms differentially associate with resting energy expenditure in peripubertal children. J. Bone Miner. Metab. 31, 695\u2013702 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Metab."},{"key":"4246_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.232","volume":"16","author":"D Teegarden","year":"2008","unstructured":"Teegarden, D. et al. Calcium and dairy product modulation of lipid utilization and energy expenditure. Obesity 16, 1566\u20131572 (2008).","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"4246_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.3109\/07435800.2013.865210","volume":"39","author":"P Rana","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rana, P. et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle energy phospho-metabolites: a (3)(1)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based pilot study. Endocr. Res. 39, 152\u2013156 (2014).","journal-title":"Endocr. Res."},{"key":"4246_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E509","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3592","volume":"98","author":"A Sinha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sinha, A., Hollingsworth, K. G., Ball, S. & Cheetham, T. Improving the vitamin D status of vitamin D deficient adults is associated with improved mitochondrial oxidative function in skeletal muscle. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98, E509\u2013E513 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"4246_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4544com","volume":"20","author":"A Zangarelli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zangarelli, A. et al. Synergistic effects of caloric restriction with maintained protein intake on skeletal muscle performance in 21-month-old rats: a mitochondria-mediated pathway. FASEB J. 20, 2439\u20132450 (2006).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"4246_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.684399","volume":"291","author":"ZC Ryan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ryan, Z. C. et al. 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 regulates mitochondrial oxygen consumption and dynamics in human skeletal muscle cells. J. Biol. Chem. 291, 1514\u20131528 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"4246_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C536","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00568.2019","volume":"318","author":"SP Ashcroft","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ashcroft, S. P. et al. The vitamin D receptor regulates mitochondrial function in C2C12 myoblasts. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 318, C536\u2013C541 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"4246_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00304a016","volume":"23","author":"L Revelle","year":"1984","unstructured":"Revelle, L. et al. Synthesis and biologic activity of a C-ring analogue of vitamin D3: biologic and protein binding properties of 11 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3. Biochemistry 23, 1983\u20131987 (1984).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"4246_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-20-0233","volume":"249","author":"SP Ashcroft","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ashcroft, S. P. et al. Diet-induced vitamin D deficiency reduces skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration. J. Endocrinol. 249, 113\u2013124 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"4246_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2017.02.024","volume":"46","author":"A Chanet","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chanet, A. et al. Vitamin D supplementation restores the blunted muscle protein synthesis response in deficient old rats through an impact on ectopic fat deposition. J. Nutritional Biochem. 46, 30\u201338 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Nutritional Biochem."},{"key":"4246_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.04.031","volume":"190","author":"M Pereira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pereira, M. et al. Does vitamin D deficiency increase the risk of obesity in adults and the elderly? A systematic review of prospective cohort studies. Public Health 190, 123\u2013131 (2021).","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"4246_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001383","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001383","volume":"10","author":"KS Vimaleswaran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vimaleswaran, K. S. et al. Causal relationship between obesity and vitamin D status: bi-directional Mendelian randomization analysis of multiple cohorts. PLoS Med. 10, e1001383 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"4246_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/72.3.690","volume":"72","author":"J Wortsman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wortsman, J. et al. Decreased bioavailability of vitamin D in obesity. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 72, 690\u2013693 (2000).","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"4246_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2979","volume":"32","author":"A Carrelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carrelli, A. et al. Vitamin D storage in adipose tissue of obese and normal weight women. J. Bone Miner. Res. 32, 237\u2013242 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Bone Miner. Res."},{"key":"4246_CR20","first-page":"597","volume":"19","author":"H Ziaie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ziaie, H., Razmjou, S., Jomhouri, R. & Jenabi, A. Vitamin D toxicity; stored and released from adipose tissue? Arch. Iran. Med. 19, 597\u2013600 (2016).","journal-title":"Arch. Iran. Med."},{"key":"4246_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W191","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz369","volume":"47","author":"U Raudvere","year":"2019","unstructured":"Raudvere, U. et al. g:Profiler: a web server for functional enrichment analysis and conversions of gene lists (2019 update). Nucleic Acids Res. 47, W191\u2013W198 (2019).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"4246_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.12.010","volume":"92","author":"A Bassatne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bassatne, A., Chakhtoura, M., Saad, R. & Fuleihan, G. E. Vitamin D supplementation in obesity and during weight loss: a review of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism 92, 193\u2013205 (2019).","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"4246_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(69)90150-2","volume":"5","author":"G Fassina","year":"1969","unstructured":"Fassina, G., Maragno, I., Dorigo, P. & Contessa, A. R. Effect of vitamin D2 on hormone-stimulated lipolysis in vitro. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 5, 286\u2013290 (1969).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"4246_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4938","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms15034938","volume":"15","author":"MJ Soares","year":"2014","unstructured":"Soares, M. J., Pathak, K. & Calton, E. K. Calcium and vitamin D in the regulation of energy balance: where do we stand? Int. J. Mol. Sci. 15, 4938\u20134945 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"4246_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01102.2001","volume":"92","author":"EA Bua","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bua, E. A. et al. Mitochondrial abnormalities are more frequent in muscles undergoing sarcopenia. J. Appl Physiol. 92, 2617\u20132624 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Appl Physiol."},{"key":"4246_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2005.11.025","volume":"246","author":"AM Psarra","year":"2006","unstructured":"Psarra, A. M., Solakidi, S. & Sekeris, C. E. The mitochondrion as a primary site of action of steroid and thyroid hormones: presence and action of steroid and thyroid hormone receptors in mitochondria of animal cells. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 246, 21\u201333 (2006).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"4246_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-018-1083-8","volume":"22","author":"C El Hajj","year":"2018","unstructured":"El Hajj, C. et al. Effect of vitamin D treatment on glucose homeostasis and metabolism in lebanese older adults: a randomized controlled trial. J. Nutr. Health Aging 22, 1128\u20131132 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Health Aging"},{"key":"4246_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-018-0553-2","volume":"14","author":"C El Hajj","year":"2018","unstructured":"El Hajj, C. et al. Vitamin D supplementation and muscle strength in pre-sarcopenic elderly Lebanese people: a randomized controlled trial. Arch. Osteoporos. 14, 4 (2018).","journal-title":"Arch. Osteoporos."},{"key":"4246_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66515","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066515","volume":"8","author":"F Tourniaire","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tourniaire, F. et al. Chemokine expression in inflamed adipose tissue is mainly mediated by NF-kappaB. PloS ONE 8, e66515 (2013).","journal-title":"PloS ONE"},{"key":"4246_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.201600263rr","volume":"31","author":"JF Landrier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Landrier, J. F. et al. Reduced adiponectin expression after high-fat diet is associated with selective up-regulation of ALDH1A1 and further retinoic acid receptor signaling in adipose tissue. FASEB J. 31, 203\u2013211 (2017).","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"4246_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1949.sp004363","volume":"109","author":"JB Weir","year":"1949","unstructured":"Weir, J. B. New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. J. Physiol. 109, 1\u20139 (1949).","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"4246_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13324","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231474698","volume":"98","author":"SJ Van Cromphaut","year":"2001","unstructured":"Van Cromphaut, S. J. et al. Duodenal calcium absorption in vitamin D receptor-knockout mice: functional and molecular aspects. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98, 13324\u201313329 (2001).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"4246_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2044-5040-2-8","volume":"2","author":"JJ McCarthy","year":"2012","unstructured":"McCarthy, J. J. et al. Inducible Cre transgenic mouse strain for skeletal muscle-specific gene targeting. Skelet. Muscle 2, 8 (2012).","journal-title":"Skelet. Muscle"},{"key":"4246_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300074","volume":"57","author":"J Salles","year":"2013","unstructured":"Salles, J. et al. 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 enhances the stimulating effect of leucine and insulin on protein synthesis rate through Akt\/PKB and mTOR mediated pathways in murine C2C12 skeletal myotubes. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 57, 2137\u20132146 (2013).","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"4246_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700287","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201700287","volume":"61","author":"J Salles","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salles, J. et al. Fast digestive, leucine-rich, soluble milk proteins improve muscle protein anabolism, and mitochondrial function in undernourished old rats. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 61, 1700287 (2017).","journal-title":"Mol. Nutr. Food Res."},{"key":"4246_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1123","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00143.2008","volume":"294","author":"G Benard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Benard, G. & Rossignol, R. Mitochondrial fluidity matters. Focus on \u201cInherited complex I deficiency is associated with faster protein diffusion in the matrix of moving mitochondria\u201d. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 294, C1123 (2008).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"4246_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2009.05.001","volume":"9","author":"F Medja","year":"2009","unstructured":"Medja, F. et al. Development and implementation of standardized respiratory chain spectrophotometric assays for clinical diagnosis. Mitochondrion 9, 331\u2013339 (2009).","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"4246_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.22023","volume":"33","author":"N Gutierrez Cortes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gutierrez Cortes, N. et al. Novel mitochondrial DNA mutations responsible for maternally inherited nonsyndromic hearing loss. Hum. Mutat. 33, 681\u2013689 (2012).","journal-title":"Hum. Mutat."},{"key":"4246_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1969.tb00674.x","volume":"10","author":"A Bass","year":"1969","unstructured":"Bass, A. et al. Metabolic differentiation of distinct muscle types at the level of enzymatic organization. Eur. J. Biochem. 10, 198\u2013206 (1969).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"4246_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199207000-00004","volume":"32","author":"T Letellier","year":"1992","unstructured":"Letellier, T. et al. Mitochondrial myopathy studies on permeabilized muscle fibers. Pediatr. Res. 32, 17\u201322 (1992).","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"4246_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13984","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0013984","volume":"5","author":"D Merico","year":"2010","unstructured":"Merico, D. et al. Enrichment map: a network-based method for gene-set enrichment visualization and interpretation. PloS ONE 5, e13984 (2010).","journal-title":"PloS ONE"}],"container-title":["Communications Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-022-04246-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-022-04246-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-022-04246-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,25]],"date-time":"2022-11-25T22:29:40Z","timestamp":1669415380000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-022-04246-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-022-04246-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3642"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3642","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare the following competing interests: this study was partly supported by a grant from Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands, and, M.J., Y.L., M.F., and M.V.D. are employees of Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1288"}}