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Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is widely used for the treatment of Gram-positive infections, such as life-threatening systemic diseases caused by methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA). Here we demonstrate that modification of vancomycin by introduction of an azide substituent provides a versatile intermediate that can undergo copper-catalysed azide\u2212alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction with various alkynes to readily prepare vancomycin fluorescent probes. We describe the facile synthesis of three probes that retain similar antibacterial profiles to the parent vancomycin antibiotic. We demonstrate the versatility of these probes for the detection and visualisation of Gram-positive bacteria by a range of methods, including plate reader quantification, flow cytometry analysis, high-resolution microscopy imaging, and single cell microfluidics analysis. In parallel, we demonstrate their utility in measuring outer-membrane permeabilisation of Gram-negative bacteria. The probes are useful tools that may facilitate detection of infections and development of new antibiotics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04745-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,13]],"date-time":"2023-04-13T23:41:05Z","timestamp":1681429265000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Synthesis of vancomycin fluorescent probes that retain antimicrobial activity, identify Gram-positive bacteria, and detect Gram-negative outer membrane damage"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8405-9242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanida","family":"Phetsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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