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Typhimurium), the major causative pathogen of human gastroenteritis, induces more severe systemic disease in mice. However, host factors contributing to the difference in species-related virulence are unknown. Here, we report that host NO production promotes\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium replication in mouse macrophages at the early infection stage by activating\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenicity island-2 (SPI-2). The NO signaling-induced SPI-2 activation is mediated by Fnr and PhoP\/Q two-component system. NO significantly induced\n                    <jats:italic>fnr<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription, while Fnr directly activated\n                    <jats:italic>phoP\/Q<\/jats:italic>\n                    transcription. Mouse infection assays revealed a NO-dependent increase in bacterial burden in systemic organs during the initial days of infection, indicating an early contribution of host NO to virulence. This study reveals a host signaling-mediated virulence activation pathway in\n                    <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Typhimurium that contributes significantly to its systemic infection in mice, providing further insights into\n                    <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    pathogenesis and host\u2013pathogen interaction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04876-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T07:02:17Z","timestamp":1683702137000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Nitric oxide is a host cue for Salmonella Typhimurium systemic infection in mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8580-606X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lingyan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanwu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyue","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6300-3140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9459-0907","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"4876_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2745","volume":"10","author":"RE Hancock","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hancock, R. 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