{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T12:24:37Z","timestamp":1789907077477,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81871131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82201796"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82201796"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>N<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>-methyladenosine (m<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>A) plays a crucial role in the development and functional homeostasis of the central nervous system. The fat mass and obesity-associated (<jats:italic>FTO<\/jats:italic>) gene, which is highly expressed in the hypothalamus, is closely related to female pubertal development. In this study, we found that m<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>A methylation decreased in the hypothalamus gradually with puberty and decreased in female rats with precocious puberty. FTO expression was increased at the same time. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) showed that the m<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>A methylation of PLC\u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, a key enzyme of the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signalling pathway, was decreased significantly in the hypothalamus in precocious rats. Upregulating FTO increased PLC\u03b23 expression and activated the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signalling pathway, which promoted GnRH expression. Dual-luciferase reporter and MeRIP-qPCR assays confirmed that FTO regulated m<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>A demethylation of PLC\u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and promoted PLC\u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> expression. Upon overexpressing FTO in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) in female rats, we observed advanced puberty onset. Meanwhile, PLC\u03b2<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and GnRH expression in the hypothalamus increased significantly, and the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signalling pathway was activated. Our study demonstrates that FTO enhances GnRH expression, which promotes puberty onset, by regulating m<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>A demethylation of PLC\u03b23 and activating the Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signalling pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05677-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T14:02:40Z","timestamp":1703167360000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["FTO-mediated m6A demethylation regulates GnRH expression in the hypothalamus via the PLC\u03b23\/Ca2+\/CAMK signalling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Shaolian","family":"Zang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8985-8403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6144-0750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5677_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197209212871203","volume":"287","author":"R Boyar","year":"1972","unstructured":"Boyar, R. et al. Synchronization of augmented luteinizing hormone secretion with sleep during puberty. N. Engl. J. Med. 287, 582\u2013586 (1972).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"5677_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toro, C. A., Wright, H., Aylwin, C. F., Ojeda, S. R. & Lomniczi, A. Trithorax dependent changes in chromatin landscape at enhancer and promoter regions drive female puberty. Nat. Commun. 9, 57 (2018).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02512-1"},{"key":"5677_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2021.100977","volume":"65","author":"V Sobrino","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sobrino, V., Avendano, M. S., Perdices-Lopez, C., Jimenez-Puyer, M. & Tena-Sempere, M. Kisspeptins and the neuroendocrine control of reproduction: Recent progress and new frontiers in kisspeptin research. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 65, 100977 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"5677_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00380-0","volume":"4","author":"AC Latronico","year":"2016","unstructured":"Latronico, A. C., Brito, V. N. & Carel, J. C. Causes, diagnosis, and treatment of central precocious puberty. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 4, 265\u2013274 (2016).","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"5677_CR5","first-page":"124","volume":"25","author":"I Atta","year":"2015","unstructured":"Atta, I. et al. Precocious puberty in children. J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak. 25, 124\u2013128 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Coll. Physicians Surg. Pak."},{"key":"5677_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0141844","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141844","volume":"10","author":"SH Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim, S. H., Huh, K., Won, S., Lee, K. W. & Park, M. J. A significant increase in the incidence of central precocious puberty among korean girls from 2004 to 2010. PLoS ONE 10, e0141844 (2015).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5677_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2016.59.9.355","volume":"59","author":"JH Yoo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yoo, J. H. Effects of early menarche on physical and psychosocial health problems in adolescent girls and adult women. Korean J. Pediatr. 59, 355\u2013361 (2016).","journal-title":"Korean J. Pediatr."},{"key":"5677_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2013.06.002","volume":"44","author":"A Mantovani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mantovani, A. & Fucic, A. Puberty dysregulation and increased risk of disease in adult life: possible modes of action. Reprod. Toxicol. 44, 15\u201322 (2014).","journal-title":"Reprod. Toxicol."},{"key":"5677_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2015.04.002","volume":"38","author":"TM Plant","year":"2015","unstructured":"Plant, T. M. Neuroendocrine control of the onset of puberty. Front. Neuroendocrinol. 38, 73\u201388 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Neuroendocrinol."},{"key":"5677_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms004","volume":"18","author":"JJ Evans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Evans, J. J. & Anderson, G. M. Balancing ovulation and anovulation: integration of the reproductive and energy balance axes by neuropeptides. Hum. Reprod. Update 18, 313\u2013332 (2012).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"5677_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwy206","volume":"188","author":"N Brix","year":"2019","unstructured":"Brix, N. et al. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and timing of puberty in sons and daughters: a population-based cohort study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 188, 47\u201356 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"5677_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M111 011072","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M111.011072","volume":"11","author":"Y Qi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Qi, Y. et al. Urinary metabolite markers of precocious puberty. Mol. Cell Proteom. 11, M111 011072 (2012).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Proteom."},{"key":"5677_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.3345\/cep.2021.00521","volume":"65","author":"YS Shim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shim, Y. S., Lee, H. S. & Hwang, J. S. Genetic factors in precocious puberty. Clin. Exp. Pediatr. 65, 172\u2013181 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pediatr."},{"key":"5677_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1530\/EC-21-0182","volume":"10","author":"M Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, M. et al. The role of kisspeptin and MKRN3 in the diagnosis of central precocious puberty in girls. Endocr. Connect. 10, 1147\u20131154 (2021).","journal-title":"Endocr. Connect."},{"key":"5677_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3796","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab155","volume":"49","author":"C Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, C. et al. MKRN3-mediated ubiquitination of Poly(A)-binding proteins modulates the stability and translation of GNRH1 mRNA in mammalian puberty. Nucleic Acids Res. 49, 3796\u20133813 (2021).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"5677_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12385","volume":"29","author":"CF Aylwin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aylwin, C. F., Toro, C. A., Shirtcliff, E. & Lomniczi, A. Emerging genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying pubertal maturation in adolescence. J. Res. Adolesc. 29, 54\u201379 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Res. Adolesc."},{"key":"5677_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626536","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.626536","volume":"11","author":"Y Shen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shen, Y., Zhou, S., Zhao, X., Li, H. & Sun, J. Characterization of genome-wide DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in mouse arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus during puberty process. Front. Genet. 11, 626536 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"5677_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2021.05.014","volume":"25","author":"S Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou, S., Shen, Y., Zang, S., Yin, X. & Li, P. The epigenetic role of HTR1A antagonist in facilitaing GnRH expression for pubertal initiation control. Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids 25, 198\u2013206 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"5677_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(22)00339-4","volume":"11","author":"J Argente","year":"2023","unstructured":"Argente, J. et al. Molecular basis of normal and pathological puberty: from basic mechanisms to clinical implications. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 11, 203\u2013216 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"5677_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shu, L., Huang, X., Cheng, X. & Li, X. Emerging roles of N6-methyladenosine modification in neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Cells. 10, 2694 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102694"},{"key":"5677_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3449","volume":"16","author":"ME Hess","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hess, M. E. et al. The fat mass and obesity associated gene (Fto) regulates activity of the dopaminergic midbrain circuitry. Nat. Neurosci. 16, 1042\u20131048 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"5677_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.10.015","volume":"49","author":"G Zheng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zheng, G. et al. ALKBH5 is a mammalian RNA demethylase that impacts RNA metabolism and mouse fertility. Mol. Cell 49, 18\u201329 (2013).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"5677_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab652","volume":"107","author":"M Chang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chang, M. et al. METTL3-mediated RNA m6A hypermethylation promotes tumorigenesis and GH secretion of pituitary somatotroph adenomas. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 107, 136\u2013149 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"5677_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.117.300574","volume":"208","author":"H Xia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xia, H. et al. Mettl3 mutation disrupts gamete maturation and reduces fertility in zebrafish. Genetics 208, 729\u2013743 (2018).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"5677_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.100","volume":"27","author":"K Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu, K. et al. Mettl3-mediated m(6)A regulates spermatogonial differentiation and meiosis initiation. Cell Res. 27, 1100\u20131114 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"5677_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.08.003","volume":"67","author":"I Ivanova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ivanova, I. et al. The RNA m(6)A reader YTHDF2 is essential for the post-transcriptional regulation of the maternal transcriptome and oocyte competence. Mol. Cell 67, 1059\u20131067 e1054 (2017).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"5677_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2017.99","volume":"27","author":"PJ Hsu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hsu, P. J. et al. Ythdc2 is an N(6)-methyladenosine binding protein that regulates mammalian spermatogenesis. Cell Res. 27, 1115\u20131127 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"5677_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-02147","volume":"103","author":"SR Howard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Howard, S. R. et al. Contributions of function-altering variants in genes implicated in pubertal timing and body mass for self-limited delayed puberty. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 103, 649\u2013659 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"5677_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1151710","volume":"318","author":"T Gerken","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gerken, T. et al. The obesity-associated FTO gene encodes a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent nucleic acid demethylase. Science 318, 1469\u20131472 (2007).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5677_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2021.111523","volume":"542","author":"X Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang, X. et al. The m(6)A mRNA demethylase FTO regulates GnRH secretion in Mn-induced precocious puberty. Mol. Cell Endocrinol. 542, 111523 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"5677_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ16-0123","volume":"63","author":"J Xu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xu, J. & Li, P. Expression of EAP1 and CUX1 in the hypothalamus of female rats and relationship with KISS1 and GnRH. Endocr. J. 63, 681\u2013690 (2016).","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"key":"5677_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27044-7","volume":"12","author":"S Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, S. et al. Fat mass and obesity-associated protein regulates RNA methylation associated with depression-like behavior in mice. Nat. Commun. 12, 6937 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"5677_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2016.11.017","volume":"31","author":"Z Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, Z. et al. FTO plays an oncogenic role in acute myeloid leukemia as a N(6)-methyladenosine RNA demethylase. Cancer Cell 31, 127\u2013141 (2017).","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"5677_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.05.003","volume":"149","author":"KD Meyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Meyer, K. D. et al. Comprehensive analysis of mRNA methylation reveals enrichment in 3\u2019 UTRs and near stop codons. Cell 149, 1635\u20131646 (2012).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5677_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11112","volume":"485","author":"D Dominissini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dominissini, D. et al. Topology of the human and mouse m6A RNA methylomes revealed by m6A-seq. Nature 485, 201\u2013206 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5677_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Constantin, S., Moenter, S. M. & Piet, R. The electrophysiologic properties of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons. J. Neuroendocrinol. 34, e13073 (2021).","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.13073"},{"key":"5677_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52348","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202052348","volume":"22","author":"R Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu, R. et al. m6A methylation promotes white-to-beige fat transition by facilitating Hif1a translation. EMBO Rep. 22, e52348 (2021).","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"5677_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08921","volume":"464","author":"Z Han","year":"2010","unstructured":"Han, Z. et al. Crystal structure of the FTO protein reveals basis for its substrate specificity. Nature 464, 1205\u20131209 (2010).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5677_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00710-7","volume":"19","author":"S Zang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zang, S., Yin, X. & Li, P. Downregulation of TTF1 in the rat hypothalamic ARC or AVPV nucleus inhibits Kiss1 and GnRH expression, leading to puberty delay. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 19, 30 (2021).","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"5677_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-020-02249-z","volume":"22","author":"AM Shafik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shafik, A. M. et al. N6-methyladenosine dynamics in neurodevelopment and aging, and its potential role in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Genome Biol. 22, 17 (2021).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"5677_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ong, H. L. & Ambudkar, I. S. The endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junction: a hub for agonist regulation of Ca(2+) entry. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 12, a035253 (2020).","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a035253"},{"key":"5677_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemphyslip.2021.105050","volume":"235","author":"K Muralidharan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Muralidharan, K., Van Camp, M. M. & Lyon, A. M. Structure and regulation of phospholipase Cbeta and epsilon at the membrane. Chem. Phys. Lipids 235, 105050 (2021).","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lipids"},{"key":"5677_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12730","volume":"505","author":"X Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. N6-methyladenosine-dependent regulation of messenger RNA stability. Nature 505, 117\u2013120 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5677_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.012","volume":"163","author":"KD Meyer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meyer, K. D. et al. 5\u2019 UTR m(6)A promotes Cap-independent translation. Cell 163, 999\u20131010 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"5677_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddx128","volume":"26","author":"L Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li, L. et al. Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein regulates adult neurogenesis. Hum. Mol. Genet. 26, 2398\u20132411 (2017).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"5677_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.347","volume":"108","author":"PB Kaplowitz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kaplowitz, P. B., Slora, E. J., Wasserman, R. C., Pedlow, S. E. & Herman-Giddens, M. E. Earlier onset of puberty in girls: relation to increased body mass index and race. Pediatrics 108, 347\u2013353 (2001).","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"5677_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-012-0372-9","volume":"33","author":"G Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li, G., Chen, Q., Wang, L., Ke, D. & Yuan, Z. Association between FTO gene polymorphism and cancer risk: evidence from 16,277 cases and 31,153 controls. Tumour Biol. 33, 1237\u20131243 (2012).","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"5677_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.11.004","volume":"45","author":"KC Soderberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Soderberg, K. C. et al. Overweight, obesity and risk of haematological malignancies: a cohort study of Swedish and Finnish twins. Eur. J. Cancer 45, 1232\u20131238 (2009).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"5677_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2010.71","volume":"18","author":"T Berulava","year":"2010","unstructured":"Berulava, T. & Horsthemke, B. The obesity-associated SNPs in intron 1 of the FTO gene affect primary transcript levels. Eur. J. Hum. Genet. 18, 1054\u20131056 (2010).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"5677_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.713","volume":"42","author":"C Church","year":"2010","unstructured":"Church, C. et al. Overexpression of Fto leads to increased food intake and results in obesity. Nat. Genet 42, 1086\u20131092 (2010).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet"},{"key":"5677_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07848","volume":"458","author":"J Fischer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fischer, J. et al. Inactivation of the Fto gene protects from obesity. Nature 458, 894\u2013898 (2009).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5677_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reshetnikova, Y. et al. Maternal age at menarche gene polymorphisms are associated with offspring birth weight. Life 13, 1525 (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/life13071525"},{"key":"5677_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peng, S. et al. Identification of entacapone as a chemical inhibitor of FTO mediating metabolic regulation through FOXO1. Sci. Transl. Med. 11, eaau7116 (2019).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau7116"},{"key":"5677_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(93)90636-Y","volume":"157","author":"H Morishita","year":"1993","unstructured":"Morishita, H., Takemoto, M., Kondo, H., Higuchi, K. & Aono, T. Induction of true precocious puberty by neonatal treatment with danazol in female rats. Neurosci. Lett. 157, 33\u201336 (1993).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"5677_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.195","volume":"10","author":"L Hua","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hua, L. et al. Time-restricted feeding improves the reproductive function of female mice via liver fibroblast growth factor 21. Clin. Transl. Med. 10, e195 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"5677_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gpb.2021.08.001","volume":"19","author":"T Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, T. et al. The genome sequence archive family: toward explosive data growth and diverse data types. Genom. Proteom. Bioinform. 19, 578\u2013583 (2021).","journal-title":"Genom. Proteom. Bioinform."},{"key":"5677_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D27","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab951","volume":"50","author":"CNCB-NGDC Members and Partners","year":"2022","unstructured":"CNCB-NGDC Members and Partners Database Resources of the National Genomics Data Center, China National Center for Bioinformation in 2022. Nucleic Acids Res. 50, D27\u2013D38 (2022).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["Communications Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-023-05677-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-023-05677-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-023-05677-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T14:11:51Z","timestamp":1703167911000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-023-05677-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-023-05677-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3642"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3642","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 July 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 December 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1297"}}