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Of particular significance is the MHC-I in bats, which plays crucial role in anti-viral response and exhibits polymorphic amino acid (AA) insertions. This study demonstrated that both 5AA and 3AA insertions enhance the thermal stability of the bat MHC-I complex and enrich the diversity of bound peptides in terms of quantity and length distribution, by stabilizing the 3\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    helix, a region prone to conformational changes during peptide loading. However, the mismatched insertion could diminish the stability of bat pMHC-I. We proposed that a suitable insertion may help bat MHC-I adapt to high body temperatures during flight while enhancing antiviral responses. Moreover, this site-specific insertions may represent a strategy of evolutionary adaptation of MHC-I molecules to fluctuations in body temperature, as similar insertions have been found in other lower vertebrates.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06292-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]],"date-time":"2024-05-16T08:01:34Z","timestamp":1715846494000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Amino acid insertion in Bat MHC-I enhances complex stability and augments peptide presentation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1676-5895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suqiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangzhen","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4530-5428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zehui","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liubao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1779-8675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nianzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"6292_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","volume":"579","author":"P Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou, P. et al. 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