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Emerging research shows that exposure to estrogen-like compounds such as bisphenol S leads to increases in 17<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-estradiol levels, but the mechanism of action is unclear. The aim of this study was to reveal the underlying signaling pathway-mediated mechanisms, target site and target molecule of action of bisphenol S causing excessive estrogen synthesis. Human ovarian granulosa cells SVOG were exposed to bisphenol S at environmentally relevant concentrations (1\u2009\u03bcg\/L, 10\u2009\u03bcg\/L, and 100\u2009\u03bcg\/L) for 48\u2009h. The results confirms that bisphenol S accumulates mainly on the cell membrane, binds to follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) located on the cell membrane, and subsequently activates the downstream cyclic adenosine monophosphate\/protein kinase A (cAMP\/PKA) signaling pathway, leading to enhanced conversion of testosterone to 17<jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-estradiol. 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