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Here, we assembled a 3D reconstruction of a 7.45\u2009cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup><jats:italic>en-bloc<\/jats:italic> specimen extracted from an embalmed human cadaver. A series of 10\u2009\u00b5m coronal sections was stained with quadruple fluorescence histology and scanned in four channels. A trained anatomist manually segmented six structures of interest in a subset of the sections to generate the ground truth. Six convolutional neural networks were then trained for automatic segmentation of these structures in 1234 sections. A high-performance computing solution was engineered to register the sections based on the fluorescence signal and segmented structures. The resulting 3D visualization offers several novel didactic opportunities of interactive exploration and virtual manipulation. By extrapolating manual counts of OSNs in a subset of sections to the calculated volume of the envelope of the entire olfactory epithelium, we computed a total of ~2.7 million OSNs in the specimen. Such empirically derived information helps assess the extent to which the organizational principles of the human olfactory projection may differ from those in mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-07017-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T12:42:37Z","timestamp":1731069757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Visualizing the human olfactory projection and ancillary structures in a 3D reconstruction"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Victoria F.","family":"Low","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8170-199X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chinchien","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6492-2619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shan","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4329-6062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahyar","family":"Osanlouy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soroush","family":"Safaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5208-992X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Maso Talou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4496-0233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurice A.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8082-4971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Mombaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"7017_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01780-9","volume":"28","author":"B Killingley","year":"2022","unstructured":"Killingley, B. et al. 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