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We present an expanded phylogeny with increased spatiotemporally coherence that reinterprets species of <jats:italic>Deinosuchus<\/jats:italic> as stem-group crocodylians together with further putative alligatoroids, <jats:italic>Leidyosuchus canadensis<\/jats:italic> and the European <jats:italic>Diplocynodon<\/jats:italic> spp. (closely related to North American <jats:italic>Borealosuchus<\/jats:italic>). The novel topology elucidates the evolution of osmoregulation in Crocodylia and its close relatives by inferring plesiomorphic saltwater tolerance for <jats:italic>Deinosuchus<\/jats:italic> and the crown-group as well as secondary loss already in stem-group alligatorids. Divergence of Alligatoroidea coincided with extreme mid-Cretaceous sea level highs and the distribution of <jats:italic>Deinosuchus<\/jats:italic> across the Western Interior Seaway can be best explained by marine dispersal. Phylogenetic body-length analysis using a head-width proxy reveals phyletic dwarfism early in alligatoroid evolution and a reasonable total length estimate for the most complete specimen of <jats:italic>Deinosuchus riograndensis<\/jats:italic>. We find that gigantism in crocodyliforms is correlated with high-productive extensive aquatic ecosystems in the present and the past.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07653-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T09:02:46Z","timestamp":1745398966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Expanded phylogeny elucidates Deinosuchus relationships, crocodylian osmoregulation and body-size evolution"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8017-1931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jules D.","family":"Walter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6782-5280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Massonne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6192-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Laura S.","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9159-645X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy E.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7836-7265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Delfino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8929-3106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rton","family":"Rabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"7653_CR1","first-page":"9","volume":"6","author":"CA Brochu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brochu, C. 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