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The poorly understood mechanisms behind such brain lesions were studied using cerebral organoids. Here we show that irradiation of such organoids leads to dose-dependent growth retardation and formation of liquid-filled cavities but is not correlated with necrosis. Instead, the radiation-induced changes comprise of an enhancement of cortical hem markers, altered neuroepithelial stem cell differentiation, and an increase of ZO1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/AQP1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/CLDN3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -choroid plexus (CP)-like structures accompanied by an upregulation of\n                    <jats:italic>IGF2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA, known to be expressed in CP and cerebrospinal fluid. The altered differentiation is attributed to changes in the WNT\/BMP signaling pathways. We conclude that aberrant CP formation can be involved in radiation-induced brain lesions providing additional strategies for possible countermeasures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07736-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]],"date-time":"2025-02-22T02:56:42Z","timestamp":1740193002000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Aberrant choroid plexus formation drives the development of treatment-related brain toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4504-2012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara","family":"Bender","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5088-7927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther","family":"Schickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celine","family":"Schielke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Debus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4569-7548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Grosshans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4615-553X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Durante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3957-7099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Insa S.","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"7736_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0360-3016(01)01589-9","volume":"51","author":"M. 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