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The\n                    <jats:italic>nuc1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -encoded thermonuclease NucA of\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    degrades extracellular DNA\/RNA, allowing the pathogen to escape neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and maintain the infection unabated. Here we show that in the mouse model for hematogenous septic arthritis, the \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>nuc1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant is much less pathogenic and the severity of clinical septic arthritis is markedly reduced, including decreased weight loss, lower kidney bacterial load, reduced bone erosion, and much less IL-6 production. In vitro,\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    genomic DNA induces a robust TNF-\u03b1 response in macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells abrogated when the DNA is degraded by NucA. Moreover, the wild type induces high levels of TNF-\u03b1, IL-10, and IL-6 in neutrophils and osteoblast-like SAOS-2 cells, respectively. NucA exacerbates septic arthritis by increasing extracellular and intracellular survival of bacteria.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07920-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T14:08:26Z","timestamp":1744294106000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Staphylococcus aureus thermonuclease NucA is a key virulence factor in septic arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ningna","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghshree Vinod","family":"Deshmukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filiz","family":"Sahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nourhane","family":"Hafza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9602-3757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aparna Viswanathan","family":"Ammanath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Ehnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6666-6791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andreas","family":"N\u00fcssler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8627-7056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander N. 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