{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T18:52:45Z","timestamp":1793904765740,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82272359"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82272359"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82202546"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82202546"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32170193"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32170193"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35GM124594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35GM124594"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The emerging fungal pathogen <jats:italic>Candida auris<\/jats:italic> is notorious for environmental persistence, which is a major contributor to outbreaks in healthcare settings. Here we report that giant lipid droplets (gLDs) inside <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic> cells play critical roles in the ability to survive harsh environments. <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic> cells that contain gLDs exhibit an increased tolerance to environmental stresses, antifungals, and host-associated antimicrobial peptides. These cells often undergo significant cell wall remodeling and sloughing of the outer layer of the cell wall. Lipidomics analysis indicates that cells with gLDs contain a significantly higher level of triacylglycerols, sterol esters, and other lipids, such as glycerolipids, sphingolipids, and sterol lipids. At the transcriptional level, a large set of differentially expressed genes was observed between <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic> cells with and without gLDs. Our study reveals that gLDs are a new strategy used by <jats:italic>C. auris<\/jats:italic> to adapt to stressful conditions and to persist in hospital environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08204-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T05:12:40Z","timestamp":1747890760000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Candida auris cells form giant lipid droplets to survive in harsh environments"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Qiushi","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianren","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Bing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0799-6499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clarissa J.","family":"Nobile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9168-7295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haiqing","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4761-7548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanghua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"8204_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-022-02757-5","volume":"204","author":"AK Wani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wani, A. K., Akhtar, N., Sher, F., Navarrete, A. A. & Am\u00e9rico-Pinheiro, J. H. P. Microbial adaptation to different environmental conditions: Molecular perspective of evolved genetic and cellular systems. Arch. Microbiol. 204, 144 (2022).","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"8204_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00648-y","volume":"20","author":"WS Shu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shu, W. S. & Huang, L. N. Microbial diversity in extreme environments. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 20, 219\u2013235 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"8204_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2008.00083.x","volume":"53","author":"K Satoh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Satoh, K. et al. Candida auris sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast isolated from the external ear canal of an inpatient in a Japanese hospital. Microbiol. Immunol. 53, 41\u201344 (2009).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"8204_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008921","volume":"16","author":"H Du","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du, H. et al. Candida auris: Epidemiology, biology, antifungal resistance, and virulence. PLoS. Pathog. 16, e1008921 (2020).","journal-title":"PLoS. Pathog."},{"key":"8204_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2022.2054120","volume":"13","author":"H Du","year":"2022","unstructured":"Du, H., Bing, J., Nobile, C. J. & Huang, G. H. Candida auris infections in China. Virulence 13, 589\u2013591 (2022).","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"8204_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-032521-015858","volume":"77","author":"A Chowdhary","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chowdhary, A., Jain, K. & Chauhan, N. Candida auris genetics and emergence. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 77, 583\u2013602 (2023).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"8204_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Gaetano, S., Midiri, A., Mancuso, G., Avola, M. G. & Biondo, C. Candida auris outbreaks: Current status and future perspectives. Microorganisms. 12, 927 (2024).","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12050927"},{"key":"8204_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piaa038","volume":"10","author":"I Berrio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berrio, I. et al. Bloodstream infections with Candida auris among children in colombia: clinical characteristics and outcomes of 34 cases. J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Soc. 10, 151\u2013154 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. Soc."},{"key":"8204_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21183","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b20708","volume":"12","author":"HH Lara","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lara, H. H., Ixtepan-Turrent, L., Jose Yacaman, M. & Lopez-Ribot, J. Inhibition of Candida auris biofilm formation on medical and environmental surfaces by silver nanoparticles. Acs. Appl Mater. Interfaces 12, 21183\u201321191 (2020).","journal-title":"Acs. Appl Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"8204_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.20411\/pai.v7i2.535","volume":"7","author":"RR Watkins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Watkins, R. R., Gowen, R., Lionakis, M. S. & Ghannoum, M. Update on the pathogenesis, virulence, and treatment of Candida auris. Pathog. Immun. 7, 46\u201365 (2022).","journal-title":"Pathog. Immun."},{"key":"8204_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-020-00143-7","volume":"7","author":"MV Horton","year":"2020","unstructured":"Horton, M. V. & Nett, J. E. Candida auris infection and biofilm formation: going beyond the surface. Curr. Clin. Microbiol. Rep. 7, 51\u201356 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Clin. Microbiol. Rep."},{"key":"8204_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ledwoch, K. & Maillard, J. Y. Candida auris dry surface biofilm (DSB) for disinfectant efficacy testing. Materials (Basel). 12, 18 (2018).","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12010018"},{"key":"8204_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casadevall, A., Kontoyiannis, D. P. & Robert, V. On the emergence of Candida auris: climate change, azoles, swamps, and birds. mBio. 10, e01397-19 (2019).","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01397-19"},{"key":"8204_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casadevall, A., Kontoyiannis, D. P. & Robert, V. Environmental Candida auris and the global warming emergence hypothesis. mBio. 12, e00360-21 (2021).","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00360-21"},{"key":"8204_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.03.016","volume":"29","author":"V Garcia-Bustos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garcia-Bustos, V. et al. Climate change, animals, and Candida auris: insights into the ecological niche of a new species from a One Health approach. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 29, 858\u2013862 (2023).","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"8204_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0095-0","volume":"7","author":"X Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, X. et al. The first isolate of Candida auris in China: clinical and biological aspects. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 7, 93 (2018).","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"8204_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, S. et al. A selective medium for isolation and detection of Candida auris, an emerging pathogen. J. Clin Microbiol. 59, e00326-20 (2021).","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00326-20"},{"key":"8204_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, S. & Alfouzan, W. Candida auris: epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, antifungal susceptibility, and infection control measures to combat the spread of infections in healthcare facilities. Microorganisms. 9, 807 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9040807"},{"key":"8204_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0187-x","volume":"7","author":"HZ Yue","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yue, H. Z. et al. Filamentation in Candida auris, an emerging fungal pathogen of humans: passage through the mammalian body induces a heritable phenotypic switch. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 7, 188 (2018).","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"8204_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011239","volume":"19","author":"J Bing","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bing, J. et al. Clinical isolates of Candida auris with enhanced adherence and biofilm formation due to genomic amplification of ALS4. PLoS. Pathog. 19, e1011239 (2023).","journal-title":"PLoS. Pathog."},{"key":"8204_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myaa116","volume":"59","author":"SR Fan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fan, S. R. et al. Filamentous growth is a general feature of Candida auris clinical isolates. Med. Mycol. 59, 734\u2013740 (2021).","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"8204_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46786-8","volume":"15","author":"J Bing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bing, J. et al. Rapid evolution of an adaptive multicellular morphology of Candida auris during systemic infection. Nat. Commun. 15, 2381 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"8204_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-cellbio-100616-060608","volume":"33","author":"TC Walther","year":"2017","unstructured":"Walther, T. C., Chung, J. & Farese, R. V. Jr Lipid droplet biogenesis. Annu Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol. 33, 491\u2013510 (2017).","journal-title":"Annu Rev. Cell. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"8204_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200502078","volume":"171","author":"T Devries-Seimon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Devries-Seimon, T. et al. Cholesterol-induced macrophage apoptosis requires ER stress pathways and engagement of the type A scavenger receptor. J. Cell Biol. 171, 61\u201373 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"8204_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI36066","volume":"120","author":"SK Koliwad","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koliwad, S. K. et al. DGAT1-dependent triacylglycerol storage by macrophages protects mice from diet-induced insulin resistance and inflammation. J. Clin. Invest. 120, 756\u2013767 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"8204_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0630588100","volume":"100","author":"LL Listenberger","year":"2003","unstructured":"Listenberger, L. L. et al. Triglyceride accumulation protects against fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100, 3077\u20133082 (2003).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"8204_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bemena, L. D., Min, K., Konopka, J. B. & Neiman, A. M. A conserved machinery underlies the synthesis of a chitosan layer in the Candida chlamydospore cell wall. mSphere. 6, e00080-21 (2021).","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00080-21"},{"key":"8204_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.117.300322","volume":"207","author":"R Hoffmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hoffmann, R., Grabi\u0144ska, K., Guan, Z., Sessa, W. C. & Neiman, A. M. Long-chain polyprenols promote spore wall formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 207, 1371\u20131386 (2017).","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"8204_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.0c00282","volume":"6","author":"SR Fan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fan, S. R., Li, C., Bing, J., Huang, G. H. & Du, H. Discovery of the diploid form of the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris. Acs. Infect. Dis. 6, 2641\u20132646 (2020).","journal-title":"Acs. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"8204_CR30","first-page":"22","volume":"55","author":"W Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu, W., Wang, J. & Li, Q. Induction, separation and identification of haploid strains from industrial brewer\u2019s yeast. Wei Sheng Wu. Xue Bao. 55, 22\u201332 (2015).","journal-title":"Wei Sheng Wu. Xue Bao."},{"key":"8204_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2012.12.020","volume":"587","author":"R Ramanan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramanan, R. et al. Lipid droplet synthesis is limited by acetate availability in starchless mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Febs. Lett. 587, 370\u2013377 (2013).","journal-title":"Febs. Lett."},{"key":"8204_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwon, Y. J. et al. Candida auris clinical isolates from South Korea: Identification, antifungal susceptibility, and genotyping. J. Clin Microbiol. 57, e01624-18 (2019).","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01624-18"},{"key":"8204_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12886","volume":"62","author":"M Abastabar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abastabar, M. et al. Candida auris otomycosis in Iran and review of recent literature. Mycoses 62, 101\u2013105 (2019).","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"8204_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658329","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.658329","volume":"12","author":"S Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu, S. et al. Retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics of Candida auris infection worldwide from 2009 to 2020. Front. Microbiol. 12, 658329 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"8204_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2020.12.002","volume":"29","author":"X Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang, X. et al. Murine model of colonization with fungal pathogen Candida auris to explore skin tropism, host risk factors and therapeutic strategies. Cell. Host Microbe 29, 210\u2013221.e216 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell. Host Microbe"},{"key":"8204_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2020.126621","volume":"242","author":"G Bravo Ruiz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bravo Ruiz, G. & Lorenz, A. What do we know about the biology of the emerging fungal pathogen of humans Candida auris?. Microbiol. Res. 242, 126621 (2021).","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"8204_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00926","volume":"10","author":"SL Semple","year":"2019","unstructured":"Semple, S. L. et al. PACAP is lethal to flavobacterium psychrophilum through either direct membrane permeabilization or indirectly, by priming the immune response in rainbow trout macrophages. Front. Immunol. 10, 926 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"8204_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2011.01436.x","volume":"47","author":"D J\u00f6nsson","year":"2012","unstructured":"J\u00f6nsson, D. & Nilsson, B. O. The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is anti-inflammatory and proapoptotic in human periodontal ligament cells. J. Periodontal Res. 47, 330\u2013335 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Periodontal Res."},{"key":"8204_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01679-08","volume":"53","author":"I Seny\u00fcrek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Seny\u00fcrek, I. et al. Dermcidin-derived peptides show a different mode of action than the cathelicidin LL-37 against Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53, 2499\u20132509 (2009).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"8204_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2006.03.030","volume":"1758","author":"UH D\u00fcrr","year":"2006","unstructured":"D\u00fcrr, U. H., Sudheendra, U. S. & Ramamoorthy, A. LL-37, the only human member of the cathelicidin family of antimicrobial peptides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1758, 1408\u20131425 (2006).","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"8204_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01383-w","volume":"27","author":"DM Proctor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Proctor, D. M. et al. Integrated genomic, epidemiologic investigation of Candida auris skin colonization in a skilled nursing facility. Nat. Med. 27, 1401\u20131409 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"8204_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab327","volume":"73","author":"DJ Sexton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sexton, D. J. et al. Positive correlation between Candida auris skin-colonization burden and environmental contamination at a ventilator-capable skilled nursing facility in Chicago. Clin. Infect. Dis. 73, 1142\u20131148 (2021).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"8204_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3699","volume":"14","author":"AR Thiam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thiam, A. R., Farese, R. V. Jr & Walther, T. C. The biophysics and cell biology of lipid droplets. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 14, 775\u2013786 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"8204_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M024562","volume":"53","author":"RM Poppelreuthe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Poppelreuthe, R. M. et al. The N-terminal region of acyl-CoA synthetase 3 is essential for both the localization on lipid droplets and the function in fatty acid uptake. J. Lipid Res. 53, 888\u2013900 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"8204_CR45","first-page":"27","volume":"38","author":"C Cheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheng, C., Geng, F., Cheng, X. & Guo, D. Lipid metabolism reprogramming and its potential targets in cancer. Cancer Commun. (Lond.). 38, 27 (2018).","journal-title":"Cancer Commun. (Lond.)."},{"key":"8204_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e32830dd09b","volume":"19","author":"SO Olofsson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Olofsson, S. O. et al. Triglyceride containing lipid droplets and lipid droplet-associated proteins. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 19, 441\u2013447 (2008).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Lipidol."},{"key":"8204_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003676","volume":"9","author":"J Potrykus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Potrykus, J. et al. Fungal iron availability during deep seated candidiasis is defined by a complex interplay involving systemic and local events. PLoS. Pathog. 9, e1003676 (2013).","journal-title":"PLoS. Pathog."},{"key":"8204_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2011.07.005","volume":"10","author":"C Chen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen, C., Pande, K., French, S. D., Tuch, B. B. & Noble, S. M. An iron homeostasis regulatory circuit with reciprocal roles in Candida albicans commensalism and pathogenesis. Cell Host Microbe 10, 118\u2013135 (2011).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"8204_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.8.2404-2412.2003","volume":"47","author":"D Sanglard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sanglard, D., Ischer, F., Parkinson, T., Falconer, D. & Bille, J. Candida albicans mutations in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway and resistance to several antifungal agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 47, 2404\u20132412 (2003).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"8204_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-13035-0_8","volume":"58","author":"A Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh, A., Khandelwal, N. K. & Prasad, R. Lipidomics approaches: applied to the study of pathogenesis in Candida species. Prog. Mol. Subcell. Biol. 58, 195\u2013215 (2019).","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Subcell. Biol."},{"key":"8204_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2009.07018.x","volume":"75","author":"YL Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen, Y. L. et al. Phosphatidylserine synthase and phosphatidylserine decarboxylase are essential for cell wall integrity and virulence in Candida albicans. Mol. Microbiol. 75, 1112\u20131132 (2010).","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"8204_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-1903-5","volume":"72","author":"CW Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang, C. W. Lipid droplet dynamics in budding yeast. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 72, 2677\u20132695 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"8204_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1093\/jb\/mvm126","volume":"142","author":"S de Cima","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Cima, S. et al. Different stabilities of two AMP-forming acetyl-CoA synthetases from Phycomyces blakesleeanus expressed under different environmental conditions. J. Biochem. 142, 247\u2013255 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Biochem."},{"key":"8204_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00412-9","volume":"3","author":"W Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, W. et al. The SESAME complex regulates cell senescence through the generation of acetyl-CoA. Nat. Metab. 3, 983\u20131000 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"8204_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymben.2014.11.009","volume":"28","author":"A Krivoruchko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krivoruchko, A., Zhang, Y., Siewers, V., Chen, Y. & Nielsen, J. Microbial acetyl-CoA metabolism and metabolic engineering. Metab. Eng. 28, 28\u201342 (2015).","journal-title":"Metab. Eng."},{"key":"8204_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fgb.2015.01.006","volume":"81","author":"G Guan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guan, G. et al. The mitochondrial protein Mcu1 plays important roles in carbon source utilization, filamentation, and virulence in Candida albicans. Fungal Genet. Biol. 81, 150\u2013159 (2015).","journal-title":"Fungal Genet. Biol."},{"key":"8204_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012362","volume":"20","author":"YC Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng, Y. C. et al. A single gene mutation underpins metabolic adaptation and acquisition of filamentous competence in the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris. PLoS. Pathog. 20, e1012362 (2024).","journal-title":"PLoS. Pathog."},{"key":"8204_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1011843","volume":"19","author":"MV Horton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Horton, M. V., Holt, A. M. & Nett, J. E. Mechanisms of pathogenicity for the emerging fungus Candida auris. PLoS. Pathog. 19, e1011843 (2023).","journal-title":"PLoS. Pathog."},{"key":"8204_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz127","volume":"58","author":"H Heaney","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heaney, H. et al. The environmental stress sensitivities of pathogenic Candida species, including Candida auris, and implications for their spread in the hospital setting. Med. Mycol. 58, 744\u2013755 (2020).","journal-title":"Med. Mycol."},{"key":"8204_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.11.005","volume":"139","author":"RV Farese Jr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Farese, R. V. Jr & Walther, T. C. Lipid droplets finally get a little R-E-S-P-E-C-T. Cell 139, 855\u2013860 (2009).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"8204_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-018-0085-z","volume":"20","author":"JA Olzmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olzmann, J. A. & Carvalho, P. Dynamics and functions of lipid droplets. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 20, 137\u2013155 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"8204_CR62","first-page":"435","volume":"92","author":"E Jarc","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jarc, E. & Petan, T. Lipid droplets and the management of cellular stress. Yale J. Biol. Med. 92, 435\u2013452 (2019).","journal-title":"Yale J. Biol. Med."},{"key":"8204_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00845-0","volume":"19","author":"A Zadoorian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zadoorian, A., Du, X. & Yang, H. Lipid droplet biogenesis and functions in health and disease. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 19, 443\u2013459 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"8204_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Day, A.M., McNiff, M. M., da Silva Dantas, A., Gow, N. A. R. & Quinn, J. Hog1 regulates stress tolerance and virulence in the emerging fungal pathogen Candida auris. mSphere. 3, e00506-18 (2018).","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00506-18"},{"key":"8204_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rather, I. A., Sabir, J. S. M., Asseri, A. H. & Ali, S. Antifungal activity of human cathelicidin LL-37, a membrane disrupting peptide, by triggering oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest in Candida auris. J. Fungi (Basel). 8, 204 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8020204"},{"key":"8204_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2010.03.012","volume":"47","author":"LO Brandenburg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brandenburg, L. O., Jansen, S., Wruck, C. J., Lucius, R. & Pufe, T. Antimicrobial peptide rCRAMP induced glial cell activation through P2Y receptor signalling pathways. Mol. Immunol. 47, 1905\u20131913 (2010).","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"8204_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-023-02151-w","volume":"73","author":"ST Broome","year":"2023","unstructured":"Broome, S. T. et al. Early alterations of PACAP and VIP expression in the female rat brain following spinal cord injury. J. Mol. Neurosci. 73, 724\u2013737 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"key":"8204_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-024-01364-4","volume":"26","author":"AJ Mathiowetz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mathiowetz, A. J. & Olzmann, J. A. Lipid droplets and cellular lipid flux. Nat. Cell. Biol. 26, 331\u2013345 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"8204_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, Y., Tan, Y., Chen, L., Liu, Y. & Ren, Z. Reactive oxygen species induces lipid droplet accumulation in HepG2 cells by increasing perilipin 2 expression. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19, 3445 (2018).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113445"},{"key":"8204_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01568-1","volume":"27","author":"PR Haynes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haynes, P. R. et al. A neuron-glia lipid metabolic cycle couples daily sleep to mitochondrial homeostasis. Nat. Neurosci. 27, 666\u2013678 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"8204_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104725","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1104725","volume":"11","author":"M Danielli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Danielli, M., Perne, L., Jarc Jovi\u010di\u0107, E. & Petan, T. Lipid droplets and polyunsaturated fatty acid trafficking: Balancing life and death. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 11, 1104725 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"8204_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.09.020","volume":"163","author":"AP Bailey","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bailey, A. P. et al. Antioxidant role for lipid droplets in a stem cell niche of Drosophila. Cell 163, 340\u2013353 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"8204_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2017.12.006","volume":"1863","author":"E Jarc","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jarc, E. et al. Lipid droplets induced by secreted phospholipase A(2) and unsaturated fatty acids protect breast cancer cells from nutrient and lipotoxic stress. Bba. Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids 1863, 247\u2013265 (2018).","journal-title":"Bba. Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids"},{"key":"8204_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13298-9","volume":"10","author":"A Pradhan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pradhan, A. et al. Non-canonical signalling mediates changes in fungal cell wall PAMPs that drive immune evasion. Nat. Commun. 10, 5315 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"8204_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006169","volume":"12","author":"LM Lopes-Bezerra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lopes-Bezerra, L. M. et al. Cell walls of the dimorphic fungal pathogens Sporothrix schenckii and Sporothrix brasiliensis exhibit bilaminate structures and sloughing of extensive and intact layers. PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis. 12, e0006169 (2018).","journal-title":"PLoS. Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"8204_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.4.2.298-309.2005","volume":"4","author":"SM Noble","year":"2005","unstructured":"Noble, S. M. & Johnson, A. D. Strains and strategies for large-scale gene deletion studies of the diploid human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Eukaryot. Cell. 4, 298\u2013309 (2005).","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell."},{"key":"8204_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2004.06.021","volume":"341","author":"O Reuss","year":"2004","unstructured":"Reuss, O., Vik, A., Kolter, R. & Morschh\u00e4user, J. The SAT1 flipper, an optimized tool for gene disruption in Candida albicans. Gene 341, 119\u2013127 (2004).","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"8204_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bing, J. et al. Experimental evolution identifies adaptive aneuploidy as a mechanism of fluconazole resistance in Candida auris. Antimicrob. Agents. Chemother. 65, e01466-20 (2020).","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01466-20"},{"key":"8204_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07779-6","volume":"9","author":"JF Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz, J. F. et al. Genomic insights into multidrug-resistance, mating and virulence in Candida auris and related emerging species. Nat. Commun. 9, 5346 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"8204_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2016.095","volume":"11","author":"M Pertea","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pertea, M., Kim, D., Pertea, G. M., Leek, J. T. & Salzberg, S. L. Transcript-level expression analysis of RNA-seq experiments with HISAT, StringTie and Ballgown. Nat. Protoc. 11, 1650\u20131667 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"8204_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","volume":"15","author":"MI Love","year":"2014","unstructured":"Love, M. I., Huber, W. & Anders, S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 15, 550 (2014).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"8204_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12859-017-1579-y","volume":"18","author":"B Wen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wen, B., Mei, Z., Zeng, C. & Liu, S. metaX: A flexible and comprehensive software for processing metabolomics data. BMC Bioinforma. 18, 183 (2017).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinforma."},{"key":"8204_CR83","first-page":"11","volume":"9","author":"H Ouyang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ouyang, H. et al. Deficiency of GPI glycan modification by ethanolamine phosphate results in increased adhesion and immune resistance of Aspergillus fumigatus. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 9, 11 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Communications Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-08204-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-08204-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-08204-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T06:03:20Z","timestamp":1747893800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-08204-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8204"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-025-08204-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3642"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3642","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"C.J.N. is a cofounder of BioSynesis, Inc., a company developing diagnostics and therapeutics for biofilm infections. All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"783"}}