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Precise patterns of gene transcription orchestrated through enhancer activation maintain heterogeneity. Thus, high-resolution cell type classification, chromatin accessibility and its relation to enhancer activation can explain the governing principles for sensory neuron heterogeneity. Here, we present an integrated atlas from published high-quality scRNA-seq datasets and resequencing the dorsal root ganglion, including over 44,000 neurons. MERSCOPE spatial transcriptomics confirms cell types in situ, including previously unrecognized neuronal types, and a spatial zonation of both neurons and non-neuronal cells. We present a cell type specific open chromatin atlas revealing enhancer driven regulons and gene-regulatory networks organized into co-regulated gene-programs that together define sensory neuron diversity. Cell type complexity is shown to be generated by layered co-regulated transcriptional modules representing shared functions across different scales of the neuronal type hierarchy with cell type specific contribution as the exception.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08315-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T06:50:32Z","timestamp":1749624632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Spatial organization, chromatin accessibility and gene-regulatory programs defining mouse sensory neurons"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1779-093X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doris","family":"Krauter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1540-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jussi","family":"Kupari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9122-6387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Usoskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9828-9794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2635-0258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yizhou","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6348-1994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming-Dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1140-3986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrik","family":"Ernfors","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"8315_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2019.10.064","volume":"21","author":"CJ Finno","year":"2019","unstructured":"Finno, C. 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