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Our analysis identifies elevated amide I levels indicating bone damage, reduced hydroxypyroline showing active bone regeneration, and increased mineral components (phosphate and carbonate) reflecting bone hardening. These bone healing processes elevate tyrosine levels in the affected tissue. When exposed to air, this excess tyrosine rapidly oxidizes through enzymatic pathways to form pheomelanin, producing the distinctive red staining. This biochemical model explains both the compositional changes and visual characteristics of FAI-affected tissue, demonstrating how non-invasive optical techniques can elucidate complex disease mechanisms in joint pathologies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08400-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T14:22:03Z","timestamp":1751466123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis of femoroacetabular impingement by a triade of label-free optical spectroscopy techniques"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Hohmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7749-0015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucas","family":"Kreiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faramarz","family":"Dehghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongqin","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Gmelch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2238-2049","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oliver","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6779-6432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenz","family":"B\u00fcchler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"8400_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"063901","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2170437","volume":"88","author":"M Baudelet","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baudelet, M. et al. 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