{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T03:51:23Z","timestamp":1773373883501,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":229,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001675","name":"International Brain Research Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PM010CNI000148"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PM010CNI000148"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001675","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Biol"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08579-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T08:47:02Z","timestamp":1756198022000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Programmable self-replicating JEV nanotherapeutics redefine RNA delivery in ALS"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9220-9685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan Shan","family":"Loo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nur Aininie","family":"Yusoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keyin","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3169-5795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen Seng","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"8579_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.14393","volume":"27","author":"P Masrori","year":"2020","unstructured":"Masrori, P. & Van Damme, P. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a clinical review. Eur. J. Neurol. 27, 1918\u20131929 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Neurol."},{"key":"8579_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1603471","volume":"377","author":"RH Brown","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brown, R. H. & Al-Chalabi, A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. N. Engl. J. Med. 377, 162\u2013172 (2017).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"8579_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000730","volume":"32","author":"E Longinetti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Longinetti, E. & Fang, F. Epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an update of recent literature. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 32, 771\u2013776 (2019).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"8579_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1080\/14737175.2024.2355983","volume":"24","author":"M Oliveira Santos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oliveira Santos, M. & de Carvalho, M. Profiling tofersen as a treatment of superoxide dismutase 1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Rev. Neurother. 24, 549\u2013553 (2024).","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Neurother."},{"key":"8579_CR5","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"O Hardiman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hardiman, O. et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim. 3, 1\u201319 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"8579_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038-022-01055-8","volume":"68","author":"N Suzuki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Suzuki, N., Nishiyama, A., Warita, H. & Aoki, M. Genetics of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: seeking therapeutic targets in the era of gene therapy. J. Hum. Genet. 68, 131\u2013152 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"8579_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315018","volume":"88","author":"ZY Zou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zou, Z. Y. et al. Genetic epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 88, 540\u2013549 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"8579_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16871-3","volume":"12","author":"M Sawamura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sawamura, M. et al. Cellular analysis of SOD1 protein-aggregation propensity and toxicity: a case of ALS with slow progression harboring homozygous SOD1-D92G mutation. Sci. Rep. 12, 1\u201310 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"8579_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204705","volume":"387","author":"TM Miller","year":"2022","unstructured":"Miller, T. M. et al. Trial of antisense oligonucleotide tofersen for SOD1 ALS. N. Engl. J. Med. 387, 1099\u20131110 (2022).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"8579_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34620-y","volume":"13","author":"S Opie-Martin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Opie-Martin, S. et al. The SOD1-mediated ALS phenotype shows a decoupling between age of symptom onset and disease duration. Nat. Commun. 13, 1\u20139 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"8579_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-024-00416-x","volume":"13","author":"M Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang, M., Liu, Y. U., Yao, X., Qin, D. & Su, H. Variability in SOD1-associated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: geographic patterns, clinical heterogeneity, molecular alterations, and therapeutic implications. Transl. Neurodegener. 13, 1\u201319 (2024).","journal-title":"Transl. Neurodegener."},{"key":"8579_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, J. & Wang, F. Role of neuroinflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: cellular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front. Immunol. 8, 1005 (2017).","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01005"},{"key":"8579_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12101307","volume":"12","author":"J You","year":"2023","unstructured":"You, J., Youssef, M. M. M., Santos, J. R., Lee, J. & Park, J. Microglia and astrocytes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Disease-associated states, pathological roles, and therapeutic potential. Biology 12, 1307 (2023).","journal-title":"Biology"},{"key":"8579_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, H. Y. et al. cGAS and DDX41-STING mediated intrinsic immunity spreads intercellularly to promote neuroinflammation in SOD1 ALS model. iScience 25, 104404 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2022.104404"},{"key":"8579_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.09.020","volume":"183","author":"CH Yu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yu, C. H. et al. TDP-43 triggers mitochondrial DNA release via mPTP to activate cGAS\/STING in ALS. Cell 183, 636\u2013649.e18 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"8579_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hiew, J. Y., Lim, Y. S., Liu, H. & Ng, C. S. Integrated transcriptomic profiling reveals a STING-mediated type II interferon signature in SOD1-mutant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis models. Commun. Biol. 8, 347 (2025).","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07790-w"},{"key":"8579_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.21167","volume":"59","author":"R Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang, R., Yang, B. & Zhang, D. Activation of interferon signaling pathways in spinal cord astrocytes from an ALS mouse model. Glia 59, 946\u2013958 (2011).","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"8579_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34526-9","volume":"13","author":"S Yazdani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yazdani, S. et al. T cell responses at diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis predict disease progression. Nat. Commun. 13, 6733 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"8579_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McAlary, L., Plotkin, S. S., Yerbury, J. J. & Cashman, N. R. Prion-like propagation of protein misfolding and aggregation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front. Mol. Neurosci. 12, 493079 (2019).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00262"},{"key":"8579_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1125-6","volume":"125","author":"AM Blokhuis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blokhuis, A. M., Groen, E. J. N., Koppers, M., Van Den Berg, L. H. & Pasterkamp, R. J. Protein aggregation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol. 125, 777\u2013794 (2013).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"8579_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00608-5","volume":"18","author":"PR Mehta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mehta, P. R., Brown, A. L., Ward, M. E. & Fratta, P. The era of cryptic exons: Implications for ALS-FTD. Mol. Neurodegener. 18, 16 (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"8579_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4988-09.2010","volume":"30","author":"SJ Barmada","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barmada, S. J. et al. Cytoplasmic mislocalization of TDP-43 is toxic to neurons and enhanced by a mutation associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurosci. 30, 639\u2013649 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"8579_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butti, Z. & Patten, S. A. RNA dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front. Genet. 9, 712 (2019).","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00712"},{"key":"8579_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aulas, A. & Velde, C. Vande. Alterations in stress granule dynamics driven by TDP-43 and FUS: a link to pathological inclusions in ALS? Front. Cell. Neurosci. 9, 423 (2015).","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00423"},{"key":"8579_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dudman, J. & Qi, X. Stress granule dysregulation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 14, 598517 (2020).","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.598517"},{"key":"8579_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-015-0340-3","volume":"12","author":"SJ Barmada","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barmada, S. J. Linking RNA dysfunction and neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 12, 340\u2013351 (2015).","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"8579_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmitz, A., Pinheiro Marques, J., Oertig, I., Maharjan, N. & Saxena, S. Emerging perspectives on dipeptide repeat proteins in C9ORF72 ALS\/FTD. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 15, 637548 (2021).","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2021.637548"},{"key":"8579_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awz360","volume":"143","author":"VA Pandya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pandya, V. A. & Patani, R. Decoding the relationship between ageing and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a cellular perspective. Brain 143, 1057\u20131072 (2020).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"8579_CR29","first-page":"7","volume":"31","author":"V Bozzoni","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bozzoni, V. et al. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and environmental factors. Funct. Neurol. 31, 7\u201319 (2016).","journal-title":"Funct. Neurol."},{"key":"8579_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, Y. et al. Environmental risk factors and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): a case-control study of ALS in Michigan. PLoS One 9, e101186 (2014).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101186"},{"key":"8579_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, Y. C., Feuer, R., Cashman, N. & Luo, H. Enteroviral infection: the forgotten link to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? Front. Mol. Neurosci. 11, 348039 (2018).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2018.00063"},{"key":"8579_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xue, Y. C. et al. Sublethal enteroviral infection exacerbates disease progression in an ALS mouse model. J. Neuroinflamm. 19, 16 (2022).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-022-02380-7"},{"key":"8579_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellmann, J. et al. Viral infections exacerbate FUS-ALS phenotypes in iPSC-derived spinal neurons in a virus species-specific manner. Front. Cell. Neurosci. 13, 480 (2019).","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00480"},{"key":"8579_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Newell, M. E., Adhikari, S. & Halden, R. U. Systematic and state-of the science review of the role of environmental factors in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) or Lou Gehrig\u2019s Disease. Sci. Total Environ. 817, 152504 (2022).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152504"},{"key":"8579_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfy267","volume":"167","author":"PEA Ash","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ash, P. E. A. et al. Heavy metal neurotoxicants induce ALS-linked TDP-43 pathology. Toxicol. Sci. 167, 3\u20134 (2019).","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"8579_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1159\/000453359","volume":"17","author":"AS Andrew","year":"2017","unstructured":"Andrew, A. S. et al. Environmental and occupational exposures and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in New England. Neurodegener. Dis. 17, 110\u2013116 (2017).","journal-title":"Neurodegener. Dis."},{"key":"8579_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1996.tb00038.x","volume":"94","author":"D Strickland","year":"1996","unstructured":"Strickland, D., Smith, S. A., Dolliff, G., Goldman, L. & Roelofs, R. I. Physical activity, trauma, and ALS: a case-control study. Acta Neurol. Scand. 94, 45\u201350 (1996).","journal-title":"Acta Neurol. Scand."},{"key":"8579_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac470","volume":"146","author":"L Chapman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chapman, L., Cooper-Knock, J. & Shaw, P. J. Physical activity as an exogenous risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a review of the evidence. Brain 146, 1745\u20131757 (2023).","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"8579_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2017-317724","volume":"89","author":"AE Visser","year":"2018","unstructured":"Visser, A. E. et al. Multicentre, cross-cultural, population-based, case-control study of physical activity as risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 89, 797\u2013803 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry"},{"key":"8579_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-022-00612-2","volume":"22","author":"RJ Mead","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mead, R. J., Shan, N., Reiser, H. J., Marshall, F. & Shaw, P. J. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a neurodegenerative disorder poised for successful therapeutic translation. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 22, 185\u2013212 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"8579_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.0901","volume":"79","author":"R Oki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Oki, R. et al. Efficacy and safety of ultrahigh-dose methylcobalamin in early-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 79, 575\u2013583 (2022).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"8579_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304342","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1304342","volume":"14","author":"D Collotta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Collotta, D., Bertocchi, I., Chiapello, E. & Collino, M. Antisense oligonucleotides: a novel frontier in pharmacological strategy. Front. Pharmacol. 14, 1304342 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"8579_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9062004","volume":"9","author":"K Dhuri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dhuri, K. et al. Antisense oligonucleotides: an emerging area in drug discovery and development. J. Clin. Med. 9, 2004 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"8579_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-023-00419-1","volume":"4","author":"MC Lauffer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lauffer, M. C., van Roon-Mom, W. & Aartsma-Rus, A. Possibilities and limitations of antisense oligonucleotide therapies for the treatment of monogenic disorders. Commun. Med. 4, 1\u201311 (2024).","journal-title":"Commun. Med."},{"key":"8579_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moriyama, H. & Yokota, T. Recent progress of antisense oligonucleotide therapy for superoxide-dismutase-1-mutated amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: focus on tofersen. Genes 15, 1342 (2024).","DOI":"10.3390\/genes15101342"},{"key":"8579_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1728","volume":"6","author":"W L\u00f6scher","year":"2005","unstructured":"L\u00f6scher, W. & Potschka, H. Drug resistance in brain diseases and the role of drug efflux transporters. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 6, 591\u2013602 (2005).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"8579_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.03.040","volume":"47","author":"MR Jablonski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jablonski, M. R. et al. Selective increase of two ABC drug efflux transporters at the blood-spinal cord barrier suggests induced pharmacoresistance in ALS. Neurobiol. Dis. 47, 194\u2013200 (2012).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Dis."},{"key":"8579_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3330","volume":"33","author":"E Blanco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blanco, E., Shen, H. & Ferrari, M. Principles of nanoparticle design for overcoming biological barriers to drug delivery. Nat. Biotechnol. 33, 941\u2013951 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"8579_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1042","volume":"22","author":"S Agrawal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Agrawal, S. & Kandimalla, E. R. Role of toll-like receptors in antisense and siRNA. Nat. Biotechnol. 22, 1533\u20131537 (2004).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"8579_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mt.6300240","volume":"15","author":"M Robbins","year":"2007","unstructured":"Robbins, M. et al. 2\u2019-O-methyl-modified RNAs act as TLR7 antagonists. Mol. Ther. 15, 1663\u20131669 (2007).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"8579_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-020-0075-7","volume":"19","author":"TC Roberts","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roberts, T. C., Langer, R. & Wood, M. J. A. Advances in oligonucleotide drug delivery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 19, 673\u2013694 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"8579_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-022-01247-2","volume":"19","author":"BD Boros","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boros, B. D., Schoch, K. M., Kreple, C. J. & Miller, T. M. Antisense oligonucleotides for the study and treatment of ALS. Neurotherapeutics 19, 1145\u20131158 (2022).","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"8579_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2023.08.008","volume":"44","author":"J Jin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin, J. & Zhong, X. B. ASO drug Qalsody (tofersen) targets amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 44, 1043\u20131044 (2023).","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"8579_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2003715","volume":"383","author":"T Miller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miller, T. et al. Phase 1\u20132 trial of antisense oligonucleotide tofersen for SOD1 ALS. N. Engl. J. Med. 383, 109\u2013119 (2020).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"8579_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2024.102495","volume":"69","author":"M Wiesenfarth","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wiesenfarth, M. et al. Effects of tofersen treatment in patients with SOD1-ALS in a \u201creal-world\u201d setting \u2013 a 12-month multicenter cohort study from the German early access program. eClinicalMedicine 69, 102495 (2024).","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"8579_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12437-7","volume":"271","author":"M Sabatelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sabatelli, M. et al. Long-term treatment of SOD1 ALS with tofersen: a multicentre experience in 17 patients. J. Neurol. 271, 5177\u20135186 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"8579_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-01942-4","volume":"4","author":"HX Deng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deng, H. X. et al. Efficacy and long-term safety of CRISPR\/Cas9 genome editing in the SOD1-linked mouse models of ALS. Commun. Biol. 4, 1\u201311 (2021).","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"8579_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030906","volume":"19","author":"E Kruminis-Kaszkiel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kruminis-Kaszkiel, E., Juranek, J., Maksymowicz, W. & Wojtkiewicz, J. CRISPR\/Cas9 technology as an emerging tool for targeting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19, 906 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"8579_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223777","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1223777","volume":"17","author":"Y Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi, Y. et al. CRISPR\/Cas9: Implication for modeling and therapy of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front. Neurosci. 17, 1223777 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"8579_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2020.01.005","volume":"28","author":"CKW Lim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lim, C. K. W. et al. Treatment of a mouse model of ALS by in vivo base editing. Mol. Ther. 28, 1177\u20131189 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"8579_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, G. Y., Rayner, S. L., Chung, R., Shi, B. Y. & Liang, X. J. Advances in nanotechnology-based strategies for the treatments of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Mater. Today. Bio 6, 100055 (2020).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2020.100055"},{"key":"8579_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.03.045","volume":"185","author":"A Raguram","year":"2022","unstructured":"Raguram, A., Banskota, S. & Liu, D. R. Therapeutic in vivo delivery of gene editing agents. Cell 185, 2806\u20132827 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"8579_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An, M. et al. Engineered virus-like particles for transient delivery of prime editor ribonucleoprotein complexes in vivo. Nat. Biotechnol. 42, 1526\u20131537 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-02078-y"},{"key":"8579_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.05.020","volume":"11","author":"M Behr","year":"2021","unstructured":"Behr, M., Zhou, J., Xu, B. & Zhang, H. In vivo delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 therapeutics: progress and challenges. Acta Pharm. Sin. B 11, 2150\u20132171 (2021).","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"8579_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2023.12.003","volume":"30","author":"SH Van Daele","year":"2024","unstructured":"Van Daele, S. H., Masrori, P., Van Damme, P. & Van Den Bosch, L. The sense of antisense therapies in ALS. Trends Mol. Med. 30, 252\u2013262 (2024).","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"8579_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Montague-Cardoso, K. & Malcangio, M. Changes in blood\u2013spinal cord barrier permeability and neuroimmune interactions in the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain. Pain Rep. 6, e879 (2021).","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000879"},{"key":"8579_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chenthamara, D. et al. Therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles and routes of administration. Biomater. Res. 23, 20 (2019).","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-019-0166-x"},{"key":"8579_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054006","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.1054006","volume":"13","author":"JS Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang, J. S., Wang, Y. & Deng, M. New developments and opportunities in drugs being trialed for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis from 2020 to 2022. Front. Pharmacol. 13, 1054006 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"8579_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E2294","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008620","volume":"93","author":"JD Berry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berry, J. D. et al. NurOwn, phase 2, randomized, clinical trial in patients with ALS: Safety, clinical, and biomarker results. Neurology 93, E2294\u2013E2305 (2019).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"8579_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muolokwu, C. E. et al. Functionalized nanoparticles to deliver nucleic acids to the brain for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front. Pharmacol. 15, 1405423 (2024).","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1405423"},{"key":"8579_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. Improving the delivery of SOD1 antisense oligonucleotides to motor neurons using calcium phosphate-lipid nanoparticles. Front. Neurosci. 11, 476 (2017).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00476"},{"key":"8579_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2018.12.010","volume":"9","author":"Q Guo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guo, Q. et al. Small interfering RNA delivery to the neurons near the amyloid plaques for improved treatment of Alzheimer\u05f3s disease. Acta Pharm. Sin. B 9, 590\u2013603 (2019).","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin. B"},{"key":"8579_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anraku, Y. et al. Glycaemic control boosts glucosylated nanocarrier crossing the BBB into the brain. Nat. Commun. 8, 1001 (2017).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00952-3"},{"key":"8579_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2023.105612","volume":"170","author":"PT Nguyen-Thi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nguyen-Thi, P. T. et al. Cell membrane-based nanomaterials for therapeutics of neurodegenerative diseases. Neurochem. Int. 170, 105612 (2023).","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"8579_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.115136","volume":"203","author":"A Yaghmur","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yaghmur, A., \u00d8stergaard, J. & Mu, H. Lipid nanoparticles for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics: recent advances in development of siRNA and lipoprotein-mimicking nanocarriers. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 203, 115136 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"8579_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202301178","volume":"8","author":"Y Qu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qu, Y. et al. Macrophage-biomimetic nanoplatform-based therapy for inflammation-associated diseases. Small Methods 8, 2301178 (2024).","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"8579_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1807","volume":"29","author":"L Alvarez-Erviti","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alvarez-Erviti, L. et al. Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes. Nat. Biotechnol. 29, 341\u2013345 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"8579_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.08.008","volume":"65","author":"S El Andaloussi","year":"2013","unstructured":"El Andaloussi, S., Lakhal, S., M\u00e4ger, I. & Wood, M. J. A. Exosomes for targeted siRNA delivery across biological barriers. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 65, 391\u2013397 (2013).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"8579_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.09.67","volume":"5","author":"ML Bond\u00ec","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bond\u00ec, M. L., Craparo, E. F., Giammona, G. & Drago, F. Brain-targeted solid lipid nanoparticles containing riluzole: preparation, characterization and biodistribution. Nanomedicine 5, 25\u201332 (2010).","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"8579_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201813666151202195729","volume":"13","author":"RH Parikh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Parikh, R. H. & Patel, R. J. Nanoemulsions for intranasal delivery of riluzole to improve brain bioavailability: Formulation development and pharmacokinetic studies. Curr. Drug Deliv. 13, 1130\u20131143 (2017).","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"8579_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.3c00254","volume":"6","author":"A Vashist","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vashist, A. et al. Recent advances in nanotherapeutics for neurological disorders. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 6, 2614\u20132621 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"8579_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-nbt.2019.0351","volume":"14","author":"Z Ebrahimi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ebrahimi, Z. et al. Overcoming the blood\u2013brain barrier in neurodegenerative disorders and brain tumours. IET Nanobiotechnol. 14, 441\u2013448 (2020).","journal-title":"IET Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"8579_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111785","volume":"121","author":"A Tapia-Arellano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tapia-Arellano, A. et al. Functionalization with PEG\/Angiopep-2 peptide to improve the delivery of gold nanoprisms to central nervous system: in vitro and in vivo studies. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. 121, 111785 (2021).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C."},{"key":"8579_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14040712","volume":"14","author":"S Andrade","year":"2022","unstructured":"Andrade, S., Loureiro, J. A., Ramalho, M. J., Habib, S. & Singh, M. Angiopep-2-modified nanoparticles for brain-directed delivery of therapeutics: a review. Polym 14, 712 (2022).","journal-title":"Polym"},{"key":"8579_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-3258","volume":"26","author":"P Kumthekar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumthekar, P. et al. ANG1005, a brain-penetrating peptide\u2013drug conjugate, shows activity in patients with breast cancer with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and recurrent brain metastases. Clin. Cancer Res. 26, 2789\u20132799 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Cancer Res."},{"key":"8579_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.01.014","volume":"500","author":"A Srimanee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Srimanee, A., Regberg, J., H\u00e4llbrink, M., Vajragupta, O. & Langel, \u00dc Role of scavenger receptors in peptide-based delivery of plasmid DNA across a blood\u2013brain barrier model. Int. J. Pharm. 500, 128\u2013135 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"8579_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2018.04.015","volume":"104","author":"A Srimanee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Srimanee, A., Arvanitidou, M., Kim, K., H\u00e4llbrink, M. & Langel, \u00dc Cell-penetrating peptides for siRNA delivery to glioblastomas. Peptides 104, 62\u201369 (2018).","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"8579_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.01.039","volume":"249","author":"R Dal Magro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dal Magro, R. et al. ApoE-modified solid lipid nanoparticles: a feasible strategy to cross the blood-brain barrier. J. Control. Release 249, 103\u2013110 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"8579_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2017.11.008","volume":"14","author":"R Dal Magro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dal Magro, R. et al. Artificial apolipoprotein corona enables nanoparticle brain targeting. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 14, 429\u2013438 (2018).","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"8579_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-013-2059-6","volume":"15","author":"L Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu, L. et al. Transferrin receptor antibody-modified \u03b1-cobrotoxin-loaded nanoparticles enable drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier by intranasal administration. J. Nanopart. Res. 15, 1\u201316 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"8579_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2023.122749","volume":"388","author":"M In\u00eas Teixeira","year":"2023","unstructured":"In\u00eas Teixeira, M. et al. Riluzole-loaded lipid nanoparticles for brain delivery: preparation, optimization and characterization. J. Mol. Liq. 388, 122749 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"8579_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349036","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00222","volume":"12","author":"P Yue","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yue, P., Miao, W., Gao, L., Zhao, X. & Teng, J. Ultrasound-triggered effects of the microbubbles coupled to GDNF plasmid-loaded PEGylated liposomes in a rat model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front. Neurosci. 12, 349036 (2018).","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"8579_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.11.074","volume":"378","author":"GR Ediriweera","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ediriweera, G. R. et al. Lipid nanoparticles and transcranial focused ultrasound enhance the delivery of SOD1 antisense oligonucleotides to the murine brain for ALS therapy. J. Control. Release 378, 221\u2013235 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"8579_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2017.03.007","volume":"263","author":"C Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, C. et al. Convection enhanced delivery of cisplatin-loaded brain penetrating nanoparticles cures malignant glioma in rats. J. Control. Release 263, 112\u2013119 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"8579_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2020.11.021","volume":"330","author":"A Akhtar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akhtar, A. et al. Neurodegenerative diseases and effective drug delivery: a review of challenges and novel therapeutics. J. Control. Release 330, 1152\u20131167 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"8579_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das, S., Ahmed, R., Samanta, S., Banerjee, J. & Dash, S. K. Challenges of using nanotechnology for neurological disorders and alternate solutions. In: Theranostic Applications of Nanotechnology in Neurological Disorders (eds. Gautam, A., & Chaudhary, V.) 293\u2013315 (Springer, Singapore, 2024).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-99-9510-3_13"},{"key":"8579_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.115134","volume":"203","author":"YL Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, Y. L., Bao, C. J., Duan, J. L., Xie, Y. & Lu, W. L. Overcoming biological barriers by virus-like drug particles for drug delivery. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 203, 115134 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"8579_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18912","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NR05872J","volume":"13","author":"Z Liao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liao, Z., Tu, L., Li, X., Liang, X. J. & Huo, S. Virus-inspired nanosystems for drug delivery. Nanoscale 13, 18912\u201318924 (2021).","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"8579_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.3390\/v14091905","volume":"14","author":"J He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He, J. et al. Virus-like particles as nanocarriers for intracellular delivery of biomolecules and compounds. Viruses 14, 1905 (2022).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"8579_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000649","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202000649","volume":"7","author":"B Eshaghi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Eshaghi, B. et al. Stiffness of HIV-1 mimicking polymer nanoparticles modulates ganglioside-mediated cellular uptake and trafficking. Adv. Sci. 7, 2000649 (2020).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"8579_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00719-9","volume":"6","author":"L Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, L. et al. SARS-CoV-2 crosses the blood\u2013brain barrier accompanied with basement membrane disruption without tight junctions alteration. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 6, 1\u201312 (2021).","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"8579_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605563","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201605563","volume":"29","author":"C Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee, C. et al. Rabies virus-inspired silica-coated gold nanorods as a photothermal therapeutic platform for treating brain tumors. Adv. Mater. 29, 1605563 (2017).","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"8579_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.0c00240","volume":"31","author":"J Zackova Suchanova","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zackova Suchanova, J. et al. The protein corona does not influence receptor-mediated targeting of virus-like particles. Bioconjug. Chem. 31, 1575\u20131585 (2020).","journal-title":"Bioconjug. Chem."},{"key":"8579_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5871","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.8.5871-5877.1997","volume":"71","author":"C Aiken","year":"1997","unstructured":"Aiken, C. Pseudotyping human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus targets HIV-1 entry to an endocytic pathway and suppresses both the requirement for Nef and the sensitivity to cyclosporin A. J. Virol. 71, 5871\u20135877 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"8579_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-008-7534-3","volume":"65","author":"S Roche","year":"2008","unstructured":"Roche, S., Albertini, A. A. V., Lepault, J., Bressanelli, S. & Gaudin, Y. Structures of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein: membrane fusion revisited. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 65, 1716\u20131728 (2008).","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"8579_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7306","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1214441110","volume":"110","author":"D Finkelshtein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Finkelshtein, D., Werman, A., Novick, D., Barak, S. & Rubinstein, M. LDL receptor and its family members serve as the cellular receptors for vesicular stomatitis virus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 110, 7306\u20137311 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"8579_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4843","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-155945","volume":"112","author":"C Frecha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Frecha, C. et al. Stable transduction of quiescent T cells without induction of cycle progression by a novel lentiviral vector pseudotyped with measles virus glycoproteins. Blood 112, 4843\u20134852 (2008).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"8579_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5975","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00324-11","volume":"85","author":"C Frecha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Frecha, C. et al. Measles virus glycoprotein-pseudotyped lentiviral vector-mediated gene transfer into quiescent lymphocytes requires binding to both SLAM and CD46 entry receptors. J. Virol. 85, 5975\u20135985 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"8579_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2009.11","volume":"16","author":"S Funke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Funke, S. et al. Pseudotyping lentiviral vectors with the wild-type measles virus glycoproteins improves titer and selectivity. Gene Ther. 16, 700\u2013705 (2009).","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"8579_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00139-y","volume":"20","author":"GC Terstappen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Terstappen, G. C., Meyer, A. H., Bell, R. D. & Zhang, W. Strategies for delivering therapeutics across the blood\u2013brain barrier. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 20, 362\u2013383 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"8579_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2719","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14122719","volume":"14","author":"B Pawar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pawar, B. et al. Current update on transcellular brain drug delivery. Pharmaceutics 14, 2719 (2022).","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"8579_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01105","volume":"21","author":"S Karan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karan, S. et al. In vivo delivery of spherical and cylindrical in vitro reconstituted virus-like particles containing the same self-amplifying mRNA. Mol. Pharm. 21, 2727\u20132739 (2024).","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"8579_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1758","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201502458","volume":"12","author":"AS Pitek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pitek, A. S., Wen, A. M., Shukla, S. & Steinmetz, N. F. The protein corona of plant virus nanoparticles influences their dispersion properties, cellular interactions, and in vivo fates. Small 12, 1758\u20131769 (2016).","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"8579_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.3390\/v16071171","volume":"16","author":"E Lujan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lujan, E., Zhang, I., Garon, A. C. & Liu, F. The interactions of the complement system with human cytomegalovirus. Viruses 16, 1171 (2024).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"8579_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14461","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c00847","volume":"17","author":"H Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang, H. et al. Virus-protein corona replacement strategy to improve the antitumor efficacy of intravenously injected oncolytic adenovirus. ACS Nano 17, 14461\u201314474 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"8579_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3440","volume":"34","author":"BE Deverman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deverman, B. E. et al. Cre-dependent selection yields AAV variants for widespread gene transfer to the adult brain. Nat. Biotechnol. 34, 204\u2013209 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"8579_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0012-9","volume":"18","author":"D Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang, D., Tai, P. W. L. & Gao, G. Adeno-associated virus vector as a platform for gene therapy delivery. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 18, 358\u2013378 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"8579_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/s41434-022-00375-w","volume":"30","author":"YA Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, Y. A. et al. In vivo genome editing using novel AAV-PHP variants rescues motor function deficits and extends survival in a SOD1-ALS mouse model. Gene Ther. 30, 443\u2013454 (2022).","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"8579_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40436-1","volume":"14","author":"K Kimura","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kimura, K. et al. A mosaic adeno-associated virus vector as a versatile tool that exhibits high levels of transgene expression and neuron specificity in primate brain. Nat. Commun. 14, 4762 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"8579_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Issa, S. S., Shaimardanova, A. A., Solovyeva, V. V. & Rizvanov, A. A. Various AAV serotypes and their applications in gene therapy: an overview. Cells 12, 785 (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12050785"},{"key":"8579_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E4812","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1704766114","volume":"114","author":"LV Tse","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tse, L. V. et al. Structure-guided evolution of antigenically distinct adeno-associated virus variants for immune evasion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 114, E4812\u2013E4821 (2017).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"8579_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.12.021","volume":"185","author":"S Banskota","year":"2022","unstructured":"Banskota, S. et al. Engineered virus-like particles for efficient in vivo delivery of therapeutic proteins. Cell 185, 250\u2013265.e16 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"8579_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2017.11.007","volume":"8","author":"P Colella","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colella, P., Ronzitti, G. & Mingozzi, F. Emerging issues in AAV-mediated in vivo gene therapy. Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev. 8, 87\u2013104 (2017).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"8579_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800149-3.00003-2","volume":"87","author":"B Kantor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kantor, B., Bailey, R. M., Wimberly, K., Kalburgi, S. N. & Gray, S. J. Methods for gene transfer to the central nervous system. Adv. Genet. 87, 125\u2013197 (2014).","journal-title":"Adv. Genet."},{"key":"8579_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowak, I., Madej, M., Secemska, J., Sarna, R. & Strzalka-Mrozik, B. Virus-based biological systems as next-generation carriers for the therapy of central nervous system diseases. Pharmaceutics 15, 1100 (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15071931"},{"key":"8579_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2011.01.002","volume":"13","author":"SK Unni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Unni, S. K. et al. Japanese encephalitis virus: from genome to infectome. Microbes Infect. 13, 312\u2013321 (2011).","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"8579_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-022-05481-z","volume":"167","author":"S Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar, S. et al. Molecular pathogenesis of Japanese encephalitis and possible therapeutic strategies. Arch. Virol. 167, 1739\u20131762 (2022).","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"8579_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.3390\/v14122686","volume":"14","author":"P Yadav","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yadav, P. et al. Molecular mechanism and role of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in central nervous system-mediated diseases. Viruses 14, 2686 (2022).","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"8579_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1757388","volume":"9","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, Y. et al. Ezrin is essential for the entry of Japanese encephalitis virus into the human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Emerg. Microbes Infect. 9, 1330\u20131341 (2020).","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"8579_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.12.007","volume":"114","author":"F Aubry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Aubry, F., Nougair\u00e8de, A., Gould, E. A. & De Lamballerie, X. Flavivirus reverse genetic systems, construction techniques and applications: a historical perspective. Antivir. Res. 114, 67\u201385 (2015).","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"8579_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2022-0298","volume":"18","author":"M Yao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yao, M. et al. Nanoparticle vaccine based on the envelope protein domain III of Japanese encephalitis virus elicits robust protective immune responses in mice. Nanomedicine 18, 5\u201318 (2023).","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"8579_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2024.199376","volume":"345","author":"ZL Duan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Duan, Z. L., Zou, W. W., Chen, D., Zhu, J. Y. & Wen, J. S. Japanese encephalitis virus E protein domain III immunization mediates cross-protection against Zika virus in mice via antibodies and CD8+ T cells. Virus Res. 345, 199376 (2024).","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"8579_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1548-y","volume":"132","author":"L Zondler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zondler, L. et al. Peripheral monocytes are functionally altered and invade the CNS in ALS patients. Acta Neuropathol. 132, 391\u2013411 (2016).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"8579_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.06.017","volume":"140","author":"NL Klyachko","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klyachko, N. L. et al. Macrophages with cellular backpacks for targeted drug delivery to the brain. Biomaterials 140, 79\u201387 (2017).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"8579_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2827","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-03-012534","volume":"108","author":"H Dou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dou, H. et al. Development of a macrophage-based nanoparticle platform for antiretroviral drug delivery. Blood 108, 2827\u20132835 (2006).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"8579_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01746-6","volume":"20","author":"Y Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, Y. et al. Macrophage cell membrane-based nanoparticles: a new promising biomimetic platform for targeted delivery and treatment. J. Nanobiotechnol. 20, 542 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"8579_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-209","volume":"8","author":"X Deng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Deng, X. et al. Characterization of nonstructural protein 3 of a neurovirulent Japanese encephalitis virus strain isolated from a pig. Virol. J. 8, 1\u201310 (2011).","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"8579_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10848","DOI":"10.1021\/ja046848v","volume":"126","author":"MD Canny","year":"2004","unstructured":"Canny, M. D. et al. Fast cleavage kinetics of a natural hammerhead ribozyme. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 10848\u201310849 (2004).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"8579_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb959","volume":"10","author":"A Khvorova","year":"2003","unstructured":"Khvorova, A., Lescoute, A., Westhof, E. & Jayasena, S. D. Sequence elements outside the hammerhead ribozyme catalytic core enable intracellular activity. Nat. Struct. Biol. 10, 708\u2013712 (2003).","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"8579_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6445(03)00020-2","volume":"27","author":"E Puerta-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2003","unstructured":"Puerta-Fern\u00e1ndez, E., Romero-L\u00f3pez, C., Barroso-delJesus, A. & Berzal-Herranz, A. Ribozymes: recent advances in the development of RNA tools. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 27, 75\u201397 (2003).","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"8579_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5387.296","volume":"282","author":"G Werstuck","year":"1998","unstructured":"Werstuck, G. & Green, M. R. Controlling gene expression in living cells through small molecule-RNA interactions. Science 282, 296\u2013298 (1998).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"8579_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5784","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.11.5784","volume":"97","author":"J Tang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tang, J. & Breaker, R. R. Structural diversity of self-cleaving ribozymes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 5784\u20135789 (2000).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"8579_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hill, M. & Tran, N. miRNA interplay: mechanisms and consequences in cancer. DMM Dis. Model. Mech. 14, dmm047662 (2021).","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.047662"},{"key":"8579_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02933-14","volume":"89","author":"F He","year":"2015","unstructured":"He, F. et al. Coxsackievirus B3 engineered to contain microRNA targets for muscle-specific microRNAs displays attenuated cardiotropic virulence in mice. J. Virol. 89, 908\u2013916 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"8579_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2022.105316","volume":"103","author":"Z Xiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiao, Z. et al. Engineered coxsackievirus B3 containing multiple organ-specific miRNA targets showed attenuated viral tropism and protective immunity. Infect. Genet. Evol. 103, 105316 (2022).","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"8579_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2019.01.003","volume":"12","author":"Y Jia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jia, Y. et al. Extremely low organ toxicity and strong antitumor activity of miR-34-regulated oncolytic coxsackievirus B3. Mol. Ther. Oncolytics 12, 246\u2013258 (2019).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncolytics"},{"key":"8579_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omto.2020.01.002","volume":"16","author":"H Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, H. et al. MicroRNA modification of coxsackievirus B3 decreases its toxicity, while retaining oncolytic potency against lung cancer. Mol. Ther. Oncolytics 16, 207\u2013218 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Oncolytics"},{"key":"8579_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Borel, F. et al. Safe and effective superoxide dismutase 1 silencing using artificial microRNA in macaques. Sci. Transl. Med. 10, eaau6414 (2018).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau6414"},{"key":"8579_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtn.2023.102057","volume":"34","author":"SK Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, S. K. et al. Efficacy and safety of a SOD1-targeting artificial miRNA delivered by AAV9 in mice are impacted by miRNA scaffold selection. Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids 34, 102057 (2023).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids"},{"key":"8579_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Borba, L. et al. RNA structure duplication in the dengue virus 3\u2019 UTR: redundancy or host specificity? MBio 10, e02506-18 (2019).","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02506-18"},{"key":"8579_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cart\u00f3n-Garc\u00eda, F., Saande, C. J., Meraviglia-Crivelli, D., Aldabe, R. & Pastor, F. Oligonucleotide-based therapies for renal diseases. Biomedicines 9, 303 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9030303"},{"key":"8579_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nuzzo, S. et al. Potential and challenges of aptamers as specific carriers of therapeutic oligonucleotides for precision medicine in cancer. Cancers 11, 1521 (2019).","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers11101521"},{"key":"8579_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100416","volume":"296","author":"ST Crooke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crooke, S. T., Liang, X. H., Baker, B. F. & Crooke, R. M. Antisense technology: a review. J. Biol. Chem. 296, 100416 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"8579_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00479-4","volume":"24","author":"M Benatar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Benatar, M., Robertson, J. & Andersen, P. M. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis caused by SOD1 variants: from genetic discovery to disease prevention. Lancet Neurol. 24, 77\u201386 (2025).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"8579_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16148","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.549980","volume":"289","author":"JN Hislop","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hislop, J. N. et al. Rabies virus envelope glycoprotein targets lentiviral vectors to the axonal retrograde pathway in motor neurons. J. Biol. Chem. 289, 16148\u201316163 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"8579_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280590900427","volume":"11","author":"M Lafon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lafon, M. Rabies virus receptors. J. Neurovirol. 11, 82\u201387 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"8579_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01181-7","volume":"21","author":"A Pavlou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pavlou, A. et al. Orchestration of antiviral responses within the infected central nervous system. Cell. Mol. Immunol. 21, 943\u2013958 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"8579_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s40506-020-00242-5","volume":"12","author":"V Satchidanandam","year":"2020","unstructured":"Satchidanandam, V. Japanese encephalitis vaccines. Curr. Treat. options Infect. Dis. 12, 375\u2013386 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Treat. options Infect. Dis."},{"key":"8579_CR159","first-page":"303","volume":"392","author":"AV Border\u00eda","year":"2016","unstructured":"Border\u00eda, A. V., Rozen-Gagnon, K. & Vignuzzi, M. Fidelity variants and RNA quasispecies. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 392, 303\u2013322 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"8579_CR160","first-page":"10421","volume":"43","author":"D Dulin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dulin, D. et al. Backtracking behavior in viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase provides the basis for a second initiation site. Nucleic Acids Res. 43, 10421\u201310429 (2015).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"8579_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2013.10.040","volume":"588","author":"T Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen, T. & Romesberg, F. E. Directed polymerase evolution. FEBS Lett. 588, 219\u2013229 (2014).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"8579_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uil, T. G. et al. Directed adenovirus evolution using engineered mutator viral polymerases. Nucleic Acids Res. 39, e30 (2011).","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq1258"},{"key":"8579_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haque, U. S. & Yokota, T. Enhancing antisense oligonucleotide-based therapeutic delivery with DG9, a versatile cell-penetrating peptide. Cells 12, 2395 (2023).","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12192395"},{"key":"8579_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22505","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1007626107","volume":"107","author":"P Gong","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gong, P. & Peersen, O. B. Structural basis for active site closure by the poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 107, 22505\u201322510 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"8579_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4161","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00433-06","volume":"50","author":"H Dutartre","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dutartre, H., Bussetta, C., Boretto, J. & Canard, B. General catalytic deficiency of hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase with an S282T mutation and mutually exclusive resistance towards 2\u2032-modified nucleotide analogues. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50, 4161\u20134169 (2006).","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"8579_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5138","DOI":"10.1021\/bi035213q","volume":"43","author":"JJ Arnold","year":"2004","unstructured":"Arnold, J. J., Gohara, D. W. & Cameron, C. E. Poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (3Dpol): pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of ribonucleotide incorporation in the presence of Mn2+. Biochemistry 43, 5138\u20135148 (2004).","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"8579_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W193","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab442","volume":"49","author":"S Chiba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chiba, S. et al. ESkip-finder: a machine learning-based web application and database to identify the optimal sequences of antisense oligonucleotides for exon skipping. Nucleic Acids Res. 49, W193\u2013W198 (2021).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"8579_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leckie, J. & Yokota, T. Integrating machine learning-based approaches into the design of ASO therapies. Genes. 16, 185 (2025).","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16020185"},{"key":"8579_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2020.06.004","volume":"185","author":"RG Huber","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huber, R. G., Marzinek, J. K., Boon, P. L. S., Yue, W. & Bond, P. J. Computational modelling of flavivirus dynamics: the ins and outs. Methods 185, 28\u201338 (2021).","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"8579_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2022.04.006","volume":"37","author":"H Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, H. et al. Prediction of coronavirus 3C-like protease cleavage sites using machine-learning algorithms. Virol. Sin. 37, 437\u2013444 (2022).","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"8579_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, F. et al. ProsperousPlus: a one-stop and comprehensive platform for accurate protease-specific substrate cleavage prediction and machine-learning model construction. Brief. Bioinform. 24, bbad372 (2023).","DOI":"10.1093\/bib\/bbad372"},{"key":"8579_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2174\/1566523033347426","volume":"3","author":"C Fillat","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fillat, C., Carrio, M., Cascante, A. & Sangro, B. Suicide gene therapy mediated by the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene\/ganciclovir system: Fifteen years of application. Curr. Gene Ther. 3, 13\u201326 (2006).","journal-title":"Curr. Gene Ther."},{"key":"8579_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1002\/jgm.712","volume":"7","author":"K Pluta","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pluta, K., Luce, M. J., Bao, L., Agha-Mohammadi, S. & Reiser, J. Tight control of transgene expression by lentivirus vectors containing second-generation tetracycline-responsive promoters. J. Gene Med. 7, 803\u2013817 (2005).","journal-title":"J. Gene Med."},{"key":"8579_CR174","first-page":"377","volume":"68","author":"R Krzyszto\u0144","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krzyszto\u0144, R., Wan, Y., Petreczky, J. & Bal\u00e1zsi, G. Gene-circuit therapy on the horizon: synthetic biology tools for engineered therapeutics. Acta Biochim. Pol. 68, 377\u2013383 (2021).","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"key":"8579_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beisel, C. L. & Smolke, C. D. Design principles for riboswitch function. PLoS Comput. Biol. 5, e1000363 (2009).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000363"},{"key":"8579_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2020.03.011","volume":"63","author":"Y Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Hegarty, S., Winter, C., Wang, F. & He, Z. Viral vectors for neuronal cell type-specific visualization and manipulations. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 63, 67\u201376 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurobiol."},{"key":"8579_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crmeth.2023.100644","volume":"3","author":"L Jin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jin, L. et al. Third-generation rabies viral vectors allow nontoxic retrograde targeting of projection neurons with greatly increased efficiency. Cell Rep. Methods 3, 100644 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Methods"},{"key":"8579_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2011.08.007","volume":"234","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yuan, Y. & Allen, L. J. S. Stochastic models for virus and immune system dynamics. Math. Biosci. 234, 84\u201394 (2011).","journal-title":"Math. Biosci."},{"key":"8579_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2008.227","volume":"17","author":"B Hauck","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hauck, B. et al. Undetectable transcription of cap in a clinical AAV vector: implications for preformed capsid in immune responses. Mol. Ther. 17, 144\u2013152 (2009).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"8579_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines2010080","volume":"2","author":"JF Wright","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wright, J. F. Product-related impurities in clinical-grade recombinant AAV vectors: characterization and risk assessment. Biomedicines 2, 80\u201397 (2014).","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"8579_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01762-x","volume":"28","author":"JP Casazza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Casazza, J. P. et al. Safety and tolerability of AAV8 delivery of a broadly neutralizing antibody in adults living with HIV: a phase 1, dose-escalation trial. Nat. Med. 28, 1022\u20131030 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"8579_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.1272","volume":"78","author":"JR Mendell","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mendell, J. R. et al. Five-year extension results of the phase 1 START trial of onasemnogene abeparvovec in spinal muscular atrophy. JAMA Neurol. 78, 834\u2013841 (2021).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"8579_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.07.066","volume":"47","author":"RHI Andtbacka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andtbacka, R. H. I. et al. Biodistribution, shedding, and transmissibility of the oncolytic virus talimogene laherparepvec in patients with melanoma. EBioMed. 47, 89\u201397 (2019).","journal-title":"EBioMed."},{"key":"8579_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1089\/apb.2022.0020","volume":"27","author":"D Eisenman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eisenman, D. & Swindle, S. FDA guidance on shedding and environmental impact in clinical trials involving gene therapy products. Appl. Biosaf. 27, 191\u2013197 (2022).","journal-title":"Appl. Biosaf."},{"key":"8579_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Locke, F. L. et al. Awakening from REMS: ASTCT 80\/20 ongoing recommendations for safe use of chimeric antigen receptor T cells. Transplant. Cell. Ther. 31, 349.e1-349.e12 (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2025.02.009"},{"key":"8579_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.3233\/JND-230122","volume":"11","author":"L Servais","year":"2024","unstructured":"Servais, L. et al. Real-world outcomes in patients with spinal muscular atrophy treated with onasemnogene abeparvovec monotherapy: Findings from the RESTORE registry. J. Neuromuscul. Dis. 11, 425\u2013442 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Neuromuscul. Dis."},{"key":"8579_CR187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W. et al. Comprehensive analysis of adverse events associated with onasemnogene abeparvovec (Zolgensma) in spinal muscular atrophy patients: Insights from FAERS database. Front. Pharmacol. 15, 1475884 (2024).","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1475884"},{"key":"8579_CR188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2021.07.007","volume":"23","author":"S Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng, S., van Gaalen, M. M., B\u00e4hr, M., Garea-Rodriguez, E. & K\u00fcgler, S. Optimized pharmacological control over the AAV-gene-switch vector for regulable gene therapy. Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev. 23, 1\u201310 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"8579_CR189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1080\/17582024.2024.2402216","volume":"14","author":"WH Everett","year":"2024","unstructured":"Everett, W. H. & Bucelli, R. C. Tofersen for SOD1 ALS. Neurodegener. Dis. Manag. 14, 149\u2013160 (2024).","journal-title":"Neurodegener. Dis. Manag."},{"key":"8579_CR190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01769-1","volume":"82","author":"SA Johnson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Johnson, S. A. et al. Pharmacotherapy for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a review of approved and upcoming agents. Drugs 82, 1367\u20131388 (2022).","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"8579_CR191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-021-00510-y","volume":"17","author":"Q Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, Q. et al. Edaravone activates the GDNF\/RET neurotrophic signaling pathway and protects mRNA-induced motor neurons from iPS cells. Mol. Neurodegener. 17, 8 (2022).","journal-title":"Mol. Neurodegener."},{"key":"8579_CR192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.01.012","volume":"230","author":"S Mikuriya","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mikuriya, S., Takegawa-Araki, T. & Tamura, M. Edaravone mitigates TDP-43 mislocalization in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis neurons with potential implication of the SIRT1-XBP1 pathway. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 230, 283\u2013293 (2025).","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"8579_CR193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202113671","volume":"61","author":"JH Park","year":"2022","unstructured":"Park, J. H. et al. Virus-mimicking cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for cytosolic delivery of mRNA. Angew. Chem. 61, e202113671 (2022).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"key":"8579_CR194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07845-z","volume":"10","author":"PE Mangeot","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mangeot, P. E. et al. Genome editing in primary cells and in vivo using viral-derived nanoblades loaded with Cas9-sgRNA ribonucleoproteins. Nat. Commun. 10, 1\u201315 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"8579_CR195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23630","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b06934","volume":"10","author":"S Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, S. et al. Virus spike and membrane-lytic mimicking nanoparticles for high cell binding and superior endosomal escape. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 23630\u201323637 (2018).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"8579_CR196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14032","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201805868","volume":"57","author":"J Kong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kong, J. et al. Rationally designed peptidyl virus-like particles enable targeted delivery of genetic cargo. Angew. Chem. 57, 14032\u201314036 (2018).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"key":"8579_CR197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2022.08.038","volume":"628","author":"D Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng, D. et al. Surface chemistry of spiky silica nanoparticles tailors polyethyleneimine binding and intracellular DNA delivery. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 628, 297\u2013305 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"8579_CR198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.3c00133","volume":"12","author":"W Andrzejewska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Andrzejewska, W. et al. SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles with plasmonic Au cores and S1-spike protein coronas. ACS Synth. Biol. 12, 2320\u20132328 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Synth. Biol."},{"key":"8579_CR199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7092","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CC02622K","volume":"56","author":"H Furukawa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Furukawa, H. et al. Enveloped artificial viral capsids self-assembled from anionic \u03b2-annulus peptide and cationic lipid bilayer. Chem. Commun. 56, 7092\u20137095 (2020).","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"8579_CR200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43465-y","volume":"14","author":"Z Sang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sang, Z. et al. Nanoparticles exhibiting virus-mimic surface topology for enhanced oral delivery. Nat. Commun. 14, 1\u201319 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"8579_CR201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b10948","volume":"139","author":"M Brasch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brasch, M. et al. Assembling enzymatic cascade pathways inside virus-based nanocages using dual-tasking nucleic acid tags. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 1512\u20131519 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"8579_CR202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.12.012","volume":"318","author":"W Ke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ke, W. et al. Length effect of stimuli-responsive block copolymer prodrug filomicelles on drug delivery efficiency. J. Control. Release 318, 67\u201377 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"8579_CR203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59402","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.10681","volume":"7","author":"G Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang, G. et al. Novel miR-122 delivery system based on MS2 virus like particle surface displaying cell-penetrating peptide TAT for hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 7, 59402\u201359416 (2016).","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"8579_CR204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2019.04.001","volume":"20","author":"DM Monti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Monti, D. M., Ferraro, G. & Merlino, A. Ferritin-based anticancer metallodrug delivery: crystallographic, analytical and cytotoxicity studies. Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 20, 101997 (2019).","journal-title":"Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med."},{"key":"8579_CR205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11020","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz900","volume":"47","author":"F Alonso-Valenteen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alonso-Valenteen, F. et al. HER3-targeted protein chimera forms endosomolytic capsomeres and self-assembles into stealth nucleocapsids for systemic tumor homing of RNA interference in vivo. Nucleic Acids Res. 47, 11020\u201311043 (2019).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"8579_CR206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9298","DOI":"10.1039\/C4NR04730C","volume":"7","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, Q. et al. A safe and efficient hepatocyte-selective carrier system based on myristoylated preS1\/21-47 domain of hepatitis B virus. Nanoscale 7, 9298\u20139310 (2015).","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"8579_CR207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2843","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.27129","volume":"116","author":"H Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim, H., Choi, H., Bae, Y. & Kang, S. Development of target-tunable P22 VLP-based delivery nanoplatforms using bacterial superglue. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 116, 2843\u20132851 (2019).","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"8579_CR208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-14-0052","volume":"13","author":"T Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, T. et al. Paclitaxel-loaded PEG-PE-based micellar nanopreparations targeted with tumor-specific landscape phage fusion protein enhance apoptosis and efficiently reduce tumors. Mol. Cancer Ther. 13, 2864\u20132875 (2014).","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"8579_CR209","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"F Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, F. et al. Bio-mimetic nanostructure self-assembled from Au@Ag heterogeneous nanorods and phage fusion proteins for targeted tumor optical detection and photothermal therapy. Sci. Rep. 4, 1\u20139 (2014).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"8579_CR210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13755","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c01969","volume":"18","author":"M Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang, M. et al. Transformation of a viral capsid from nanocages to nanotubes and then to hydrogels: redirected self-assembly and effects on immunogenicity. ACS Nano 18, 13755\u201313767 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"8579_CR211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335346","DOI":"10.3389\/fnano.2024.1335346","volume":"6","author":"S Farf\u00e1n-Castro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Farf\u00e1n-Castro, S. et al. Synthesis and evaluation of gold nanoparticles conjugated with five antigenic peptides derived from the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 for vaccine development. Front. Nanotechnol. 6, 1335346 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"8579_CR212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08641-z","volume":"10","author":"JT Hsieh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hsieh, J. T., Rathore, A. P. S., Soundarajan, G. & St. John, A. L. Japanese encephalitis virus neuropenetrance is driven by mast cell chymase. Nat. Commun. 10, 1\u201314 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"8579_CR213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5389","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.72614","volume":"12","author":"S Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, S. et al. Subpial delivery of adeno-associated virus 9-synapsin-caveolin-1 (AAV9-SynCav1) preserves motor neuron and neuromuscular junction morphology, motor function, delays disease onset, and extends survival in hSOD1G93A mice. Theranostics 12, 5389 (2022).","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"8579_CR214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.05.017","volume":"25","author":"MG Biferi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Biferi, M. G. et al. A new AAV10-U7-mediated gene therapy prolongs survival and restores function in an ALS mouse model. Mol. Ther. 25, 2038\u20132052 (2017).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"8579_CR215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2019.118449","volume":"567","author":"L Gan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gan, L., Li, Z., Lv, Q. & Huang, W. Rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG29)-linked microRNA-124-loaded polymeric nanoparticles inhibit neuroinflammation in a Parkinson\u2019s disease model. Int. J. Pharm. 567, 118449 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"8579_CR216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2013.06.003","volume":"176","author":"E Hastie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hastie, E., Cataldi, M., Marriott, I. & Grdzelishvili, V. Z. Understanding and altering cell tropism of vesicular stomatitis virus. Virus Res. 176, 16\u201332 (2013).","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"8579_CR217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1080\/1061186X.2021.1929257","volume":"29","author":"Y Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu, Y. et al. Genetically engineered exosomes display RVG peptide and selectively enrich a neprilysin variant: a potential formulation for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J. Drug Target. 29, 1128\u20131138 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Drug Target."},{"key":"8579_CR218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-021-00361-0","volume":"18","author":"H Choi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Choi, H. et al. Biodistribution of exosomes and engineering strategies for targeted delivery of therapeutic exosomes. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 18, 499\u2013511 (2021).","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"8579_CR219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202415272","volume":"64","author":"L Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, L. et al. Self-assembled antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates for targeted delivery of complementary antisense oligonucleotides. Angew. Chem. 64, e202415272 (2024).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem."},{"key":"8579_CR220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13121","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252313121","volume":"25","author":"K Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu, K. et al. Overcoming challenges in small-molecule drug bioavailability: a review of key factors and approaches. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25, 13121 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"8579_CR221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2024.11.029","volume":"33","author":"ZCE Hawley","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hawley, Z. C. E. et al. Dorsal root ganglion toxicity after AAV intra-CSF delivery of a RNAi expression construct into non-human primates and mice. Mol. Ther. 33, 215\u2013234 (2024).","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"8579_CR222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-021-00806-7","volume":"19","author":"S Nooraei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nooraei, S. et al. Virus-like particles: preparation, immunogenicity and their roles as nanovaccines and drug nanocarriers. J. Nanobiotechnol. 19, 1\u201327 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"8579_CR223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10020190","volume":"10","author":"CT Inglut","year":"2020","unstructured":"Inglut, C. T. et al. Immunological and toxicological considerations for the design of liposomes. Nanomaterials 10, 190 (2020).","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"key":"8579_CR224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2023.108647","volume":"35","author":"L Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng, L. et al. Recent progresses of exosome\u2013liposome fusions in drug delivery. Chin. Chem. Lett. 35, 108647 (2024).","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"8579_CR225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2025.107397","volume":"201","author":"J Gong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gong, J., Duan, X. & Ge, Z. Molecular mechanisms of Japanese encephalitis virus infection and advances in vaccine research. Microb. Pathog. 201, 107397 (2025).","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"8579_CR226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-85352-w","volume":"11","author":"V Lehot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lehot, V. et al. Non-specific interactions of antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates with living cells. Sci. Rep. 11, 1\u20139 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"8579_CR227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.2c00669","volume":"9","author":"CR McCollum","year":"2023","unstructured":"McCollum, C. R. et al. Safety and biodistribution of nanoligomers targeting the SARS-CoV-2 genome for the treatment of COVID-19. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 9, 1656\u20131671 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"8579_CR228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Risen, S. et al. Large- and small-animal studies of safety, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution of inflammasome-targeting nanoligomer in the brain and other target organs. ACS Pharmacol. Transl. Sci. 7, 3439\u20133451 (2024).","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.4c00068"},{"key":"8579_CR229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107469","volume":"209","author":"J Jiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiao, J. et al. Overcoming limitations and advancing the therapeutic potential of antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates (AOCs): Current status and future perspectives. Pharmacol. Res. 209, 107469 (2024).","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."}],"container-title":["Communications Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-08579-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-08579-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-08579-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T18:36:52Z","timestamp":1757443012000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-08579-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"references-count":229,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-025-08579-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3642"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3642","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1282"}}