{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T14:01:28Z","timestamp":1790085688939,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001824","name":"Grantov\u00e1 Agentura \u010cesk\u00e9 Republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-12306S"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-12306S"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Alcohol is broken down in the body into acetaldehyde, a toxic chemical that can damage DNA by creating interstrand crosslinks (AA-ICL). These crosslinks block DNA replication and threaten the stability of the genome. A rare genetic disease, Fanconi anaemia (FA), is marked by extreme sensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, including acetaldehyde. Although the Fanconi anaemia DNA repair pathway is known to fix this type of damage, exactly how it repairs acetaldehyde crosslinks is not yet understood. Here we show that the FA nuclease Slx4-Xpf-Ercc1 (SXE) plays a key role in the repair of AA-ICL. Using a DNA replication fork with site-specific AA-ICL, we show that SXE specifically excises this crosslink, highlighting its role in the repair of alcohol-induced DNA interstrand crosslinks. Moreover, SXE performs two precise incisions flanking the AA-ICL and can similarly repair a basic-site DNA interstrand crosslink. These results expand our understanding of how the FA pathway resolves alcohol-induced DNA damage. In addition, they suggest that SXE is a versatile nuclease complex and may be involved in repairing other types of crosslinks that may activate the FA pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-08769-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T12:00:05Z","timestamp":1758888005000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Mechanistic insights into alcohol-induced DNA crosslink repair by Slx4-Xpf-Ercc1 nuclease complex in the Fanconi anaemia pathway"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jana","family":"Havlikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8195-971X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan","family":"Dejmek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Huskova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9652-4065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evzen","family":"Boura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6167-0380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radim","family":"Nencka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3868-5714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Silhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"8769_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3846","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13153846","volume":"13","author":"L Hoes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoes, L., Dok, R., Verstrepen, K. J. & Nuyts, S. Ethanol-induced cell damage can result in the development of oral tumors. Cancers 13, 3846 (2021).","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"8769_CR2","volume":"29","author":"AD Shrestha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shrestha, A. D., Vedsted, P., Kallestrup, P. & Neupane, D. Prevalence and incidence of oral cancer in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review. Eur. J. Cancer Care 29, e13207 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer Care"},{"key":"8769_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(21)00279-5","volume":"22","author":"H Rumgay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rumgay, H. et al. Global burden of cancer in 2020 attributable to alcohol consumption: a population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 22, 1071\u20131080 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"8769_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1079\/PNS2003327","volume":"63","author":"DW Crabb","year":"2004","unstructured":"Crabb, D. W., Matsumoto, M., Chang, D. & You, M. Overview of the role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase and their variants in the genesis of alcohol-related pathology. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 63, 49\u201363 (2004).","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"8769_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1021\/tx060113h","volume":"19","author":"T Matsuda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Matsuda, T., Yabushita, H., Kanaly, R. A., Shibutani, S. & Yokoyama, A. Increased DNA damage in ALDH2-deficient alcoholics. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 19, 1374\u20131378 (2006).","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"8769_CR6","first-page":"245","volume":"29","author":"S Zakhari","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zakhari, S. Overview: how is alcohol metabolized by the body? Alcohol Res. Health 29, 245\u2013254 (2006).","journal-title":"Alcohol Res. Health"},{"key":"8769_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sonohara, Y. et al. Acetaldehyde forms covalent GG intrastrand crosslinks in DNA. Sci. Rep. 9 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-37239-6 (2019).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37239-6"},{"key":"8769_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3097","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2218-x","volume":"73","author":"D Lopez-Martinez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lopez-Martinez, D., Liang, C. C. & Cohn, M. A. Cellular response to DNA interstrand crosslinks: the Fanconi anemia pathway. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 73, 3097\u20133114 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"8769_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(94)90072-8","volume":"311","author":"JR Kuykendall","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kuykendall, J. R. & Bogdanffy, M. S. Formation and stability of acetaldehyde-induced crosslinks between poly-lysine and poly-deoxyguanosine. Mutat. Res. 311, 49\u201356 (1994).","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"8769_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8652(199610)53:2<99::AID-AJH7>3.0.CO;2-Z","volume":"53","author":"BP Alter","year":"1996","unstructured":"Alter, B. P. Fanconi\u2019s anemia and malignancies. Am. J. Hematol. 53, 99\u2013110 (1996).","journal-title":"Am. J. Hematol."},{"key":"8769_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10192","volume":"475","author":"F Langevin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Langevin, F., Crossan, G. P., Rosado, I. V., Arends, M. J. & Patel, K. J. Fancd2 counteracts the toxic effects of naturally produced aldehydes in mice. Nature 475, 53\u201358 (2011).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8769_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-05-1498","volume":"101","author":"PS Rosenberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rosenberg, P. S., Greene, M. H. & Alter, B. P. Cancer incidence in persons with Fanconi anemia. Blood 101, 822\u2013826 (2003).","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"8769_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1182372","volume":"326","author":"P Knipscheer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Knipscheer, P. et al. The Fanconi anemia pathway promotes replication-dependent DNA interstrand cross-link repair. Science 326, 1698\u20131701 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"8769_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.2174\/156800909787314011","volume":"9","author":"PR Andreassen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Andreassen, P. R. & Ren, K. Fanconi anemia proteins, DNA interstrand crosslink repair pathways, and cancer therapy. Curr. Cancer Drug Targets 9, 101\u2013117 (2009).","journal-title":"Curr. Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"8769_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.195248.112","volume":"26","author":"H Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim, H. & D\u2019Andrea, A. D. Regulation of DNA cross-link repair by the Fanconi anemia\/BRCA pathway. Genes Dev. 26, 1393\u20131408 (2012).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"8769_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11863","volume":"493","author":"MC Kottemann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kottemann, M. C. & Smogorzewska, A. Fanconi anaemia and the repair of Watson and Crick DNA crosslinks. Nature 493, 356\u2013363 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8769_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2956","volume":"22","author":"J Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. DNA interstrand cross-link repair requires replication-fork convergence. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 22, 242\u2013247 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"8769_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.08.019","volume":"24","author":"K Mutreja","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mutreja, K. et al. ATR-mediated global fork slowing and reversal assist fork traverse and prevent chromosomal breakage at DNA interstrand cross-links. Cell Rep. 24, 2629\u20132642.e2625 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"8769_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2159","volume":"8","author":"W Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang, W. Emergence of a DNA-damage response network consisting of Fanconi anaemia and BRCA proteins. Nat. Rev. Genet. 8, 735\u2013748 (2007).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"8769_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(03)00281-8","volume":"12","author":"CJ Vandenberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vandenberg, C. J. et al. BRCA1-independent ubiquitination of FANCD2. Mol. Cell 12, 247\u2013254 (2003).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"8769_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.03.014","volume":"54","author":"MR Hodskinson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hodskinson, M. R. et al. Mouse SLX4 is a tumor suppressor that stimulates the activity of the nuclease XPF-ERCC1 in DNA crosslink repair. Mol. Cell 54, 472\u2013484 (2014).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"8769_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11368","volume":"489","author":"JI Garaycoechea","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garaycoechea, J. I. et al. Genotoxic consequences of endogenous aldehydes on mouse haematopoietic stem cell function. Nature 489, 571\u2013575 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8769_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2059-5","volume":"579","author":"MR Hodskinson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hodskinson, M. R. et al. Alcohol-derived DNA crosslinks are repaired by two distinct mechanisms. Nature 579, 603\u2013608 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8769_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c10070","volume":"145","author":"SB Morton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Morton, S. B. et al. Efficient synthesis of DNA duplexes containing reduced acetaldehyde interstrand cross-links. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 953\u2013959 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"8769_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1021\/ja308119q","volume":"135","author":"KM Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson, K. M. et al. On the formation and properties of interstrand DNA\u2013DNA cross-links forged by reaction of an abasic site with the opposing guanine residue of 5\u2032-CAp sequences in duplex DNA. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135, 1015\u20131025 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"8769_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.09.008","volume":"167","author":"DR Semlow","year":"2016","unstructured":"Semlow, D. R., Zhang, J., Budzowska, M., Drohat, A. C. & Walter, J. C. Replication-dependent unhooking of DNA interstrand cross-links by the NEIL3 glycosylase. Cell 167, 498\u2013511.e414 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"8769_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10436","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac793","volume":"50","author":"A Huskova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huskova, A. et al. Model of abasic site DNA cross-link repair; from the architecture of NEIL3 DNA binding domains to the X-structure model. Nucleic Acids Res. 50, 10436\u201310448 (2022).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"8769_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2019.102752","volume":"86","author":"M Imani Nejad","year":"2020","unstructured":"Imani Nejad, M. et al. Unhooking of an interstrand cross-link at DNA fork structures by the DNA glycosylase NEIL3. DNA Repair 86, 102752 (2020).","journal-title":"DNA Repair"},{"key":"8769_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mizumoto, A. et al. Molecular mechanisms of acetaldehyde-mediated carcinogenesis in squamous epithelium. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 18, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms18091943 (2017).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18091943"},{"key":"8769_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25154","volume":"553","author":"JI Garaycoechea","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garaycoechea, J. I. et al. Alcohol and endogenous aldehydes damage chromosomes and mutate stem cells. Nature 553, 171\u2013177 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8769_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2005.03.009","volume":"35","author":"PJ Brooks","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brooks, P. J. & Theruvathu, J. A. DNA adducts from acetaldehyde: implications for alcohol-related carcinogenesis. Alcohol 35, 187\u2013193 (2005).","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"8769_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1002\/em.20117","volume":"45","author":"PH Fernandes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fernandes, P. H., Kanuri, M., Nechev, L. V., Harris, T. M. & Lloyd, R. S. Mammalian cell mutagenesis of the DNA adducts of vinyl chloride and crotonaldehyde. Environ. Mol. Mutagen 45, 455\u2013459 (2005).","journal-title":"Environ. Mol. Mutagen"},{"key":"8769_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20205","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.32.20205","volume":"272","author":"MF Hashim","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hashim, M. F., Schnetz-Boutaud, N. & Marnett, L. J. Replication of template-primers containing propanodeoxyguanosine by DNA polymerase beta. Induction of base pair substitution and frameshift mutations by template slippage and deoxynucleoside triphosphate stabilization. J. Biol. Chem. 272, 20205\u201320212 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"8769_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1021\/tx000118t","volume":"13","author":"M Wang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wang, M. et al. Identification of DNA adducts of acetaldehyde. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 13, 1149\u20131157 (2000).","journal-title":"Chem. Res. Toxicol."},{"key":"8769_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3513","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki661","volume":"33","author":"JA Theruvathu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Theruvathu, J. A., Jaruga, P., Nath, R. G., Dizdaroglu, M. & Brooks, P. J. Polyamines stimulate the formation of mutagenic 1,N2-propanodeoxyguanosine adducts from acetaldehyde. Nucleic Acids Res. 33, 3513\u20133520 (2005).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"8769_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(95)03632-V","volume":"98","author":"CE Vaca","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vaca, C. E., Fang, J. L. & Schweda, E. K. Studies of the reaction of acetaldehyde with deoxynucleosides. Chem. Biol. Interact. 98, 51\u201367 (1995).","journal-title":"Chem. Biol. Interact."},{"key":"8769_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1021\/ja020778f","volume":"125","author":"ID Kozekov","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kozekov, I. D. et al. DNA interchain cross-links formed by acrolein and crotonaldehyde. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 50\u201361 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"8769_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26632","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C000337200","volume":"275","author":"I Kuraoka","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kuraoka, I. et al. Repair of an interstrand DNA cross-link initiated by ERCC1-XPF repair\/recombination nuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 26632\u201326636 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"8769_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28242-7","volume":"13","author":"C Umansky","year":"2022","unstructured":"Umansky, C. et al. Endogenous formaldehyde scavenges cellular glutathione resulting in redox disruption and cytotoxicity. Nat. Commun. 13, 745 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"8769_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.59.4.837","volume":"59","author":"K Zhang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhang, K., Chew, M., Yang, E. B., Wong, K. P. & Mack, P. Modulation of cisplatin cytotoxicity and cisplatin-induced DNA cross-links in HepG2 cells by regulation of glutathione-related mechanisms. Mol. Pharm. 59, 837\u2013843 (2001).","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"8769_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2014.08.012","volume":"56","author":"DavidT Long","year":"2014","unstructured":"Long, D. avidT., Joukov, V., Budzowska, M. & Walter, J. ohannesC. BRCA1 promotes unloading of the CMG helicase from a stalled DNA replication fork. Mol. Cell 56, 174\u2013185 (2014).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"8769_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-080320-112510","volume":"90","author":"DR Semlow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Semlow, D. R. & Walter, J. C. Mechanisms of vertebrate DNA interstrand cross-link repair. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 90, 107\u2013135 (2021).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"8769_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1002-0","volume":"567","author":"RA Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu, R. A. et al. TRAIP is a master regulator of DNA interstrand crosslink repair. Nature 567, 267\u2013272 (2019).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"8769_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2022.103300","volume":"113","author":"A Huskova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huskova, A., Landova, B., Boura, E. & Silhan, J. The rate of formation and stability of abasic site interstrand crosslinks in the DNA duplex. DNA Repair 113, 103300 (2022).","journal-title":"DNA Repair"},{"key":"8769_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.2144\/96215bm14","volume":"21","author":"Z Chen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chen, Z. & Ruffner, D. E. Modified crush-and-soak method for recovering oligodeoxynucleotides from polyacrylamide gel. Biotechniques 21, 820\u2013822 (1996).","journal-title":"Biotechniques"}],"container-title":["Communications Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-08769-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-08769-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-08769-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T12:05:45Z","timestamp":1758888345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-08769-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["8769"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-025-08769-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3642"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3642","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1374"}}