{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:16:01Z","timestamp":1793121361362,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82270537"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82270537"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Biol"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-09123-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T15:44:24Z","timestamp":1764344664000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Isoallolithocholic acid ameliorates intestinal inflammation via metabolically reprogrammed macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihui","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxia","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yahui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shicheng","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0964-609X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongtao","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"9123_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2022.102266","volume":"80","author":"FW Miller","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miller, F. W. The increasing prevalence of autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases: an urgent call to action for improved understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 80, 102266 (2023).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"9123_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32448-0","volume":"390","author":"SC Ng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ng, S. C. et al. Worldwide incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in the 21st century: a systematic review of population-based studies. Lancet 390, 2769\u20132778 (2017).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9123_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.002","volume":"156","author":"S Coward","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coward, S. et al. Past and future burden of inflammatory bowel diseases based on modeling of population-based data. Gastroenterology 156, 1345\u20131353 e1344 (2019).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9123_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318936","volume":"68","author":"GR Jones","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jones, G. R. et al. IBD prevalence in Lothian, Scotland, derived by capture-recapture methodology. Gut 68, 1953\u20131960 (2019).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9123_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3738","volume":"14","author":"AM Mowat","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mowat, A. M. & Agace, W. W. Regional specialization within the intestinal immune system. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 14, 667\u2013685 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"9123_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.08.008","volume":"178","author":"JC Martin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martin, J. C. et al. Single-cell analysis of Crohn\u2019s disease lesions identifies a pathogenic cellular module associated with resistance to anti-TNF therapy. Cell 178, 1493\u20131508 e1420 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9123_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00769-0","volume":"20","author":"LM Hegarty","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hegarty, L. M., Jones, G. R. & Bain, C. C. Macrophages in intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 20, 538\u2013553 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"9123_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-024-00914-3","volume":"21","author":"I Mohanty","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohanty, I. et al. The changing metabolic landscape of bile acids\u2013keys to metabolism and immune regulation. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 21, 493\u2013516 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"9123_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2193-0","volume":"581","author":"C Campbell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Campbell, C. et al. Bacterial metabolism of bile acids promotes generation of peripheral regulatory T cells. Nature 581, 475\u2013479 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9123_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.09.008","volume":"45","author":"C Guo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo, C. et al. Bile acids control inflammation and metabolic disorder through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome. Immunity 45, 802\u2013816 (2016).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"9123_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1785-z","volume":"576","author":"S Hang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hang, S. et al. Bile acid metabolites control T(H)17 and T(reg) cell differentiation. Nature 576, 143\u2013148 (2019).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9123_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2021.07.013","volume":"29","author":"W Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, W. et al. A bacterial bile acid metabolite modulates T(reg) activity through the nuclear hormone receptor NR4A1. Cell Host Microbe 29, 1366\u20131377 e1369 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"9123_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, C. et al. Gut microbiome-mediated bile acid metabolism regulates liver cancer via NKT cells. Science 360, eaan5931 (2018).","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan5931"},{"key":"9123_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1865-0","volume":"577","author":"X Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song, X. et al. Microbial bile acid metabolites modulate gut RORgamma(+) regulatory T cell homeostasis. Nature 577, 410\u2013415 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9123_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03832-5","volume":"599","author":"Y Sato","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sato, Y. et al. Novel bile acid biosynthetic pathways are enriched in the microbiome of centenarians. Nature 599, 458\u2013464 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9123_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07372-6","volume":"629","author":"Y Miyamoto","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miyamoto, Y. et al. Periportal macrophages protect against commensal-driven liver inflammation. Nature 629, 901\u2013909 (2024).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9123_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.12.013","volume":"32","author":"M Schirmer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schirmer, M. et al. Linking microbial genes to plasma and stool metabolites uncovers host-microbial interactions underlying ulcerative colitis disease course. Cell Host Microbe 32, 209\u2013226 e207 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"9123_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1237-9","volume":"569","author":"J Lloyd-Price","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lloyd-Price, J. et al. Multi-omics of the gut microbial ecosystem in inflammatory bowel diseases. Nature 569, 655\u2013662 (2019).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9123_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07501-1","volume":"630","author":"CT Stankey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stankey, C. T. et al. A disease-associated gene desert directs macrophage inflammation through ETS2. Nature 630, 447\u2013456 (2024).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9123_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16654","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M701750200","volume":"282","author":"JR Ojala","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ojala, J. R., Pikkarainen, T., Tuuttila, A., Sandalova, T. & Tryggvason, K. Crystal structure of the cysteine-rich domain of scavenger receptor MARCO reveals the presence of a basic and an acidic cluster that both contribute to ligand recognition. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 16654\u201316666 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"9123_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020170","volume":"195","author":"R Hirasawa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hirasawa, R. et al. Essential and instructive roles of GATA factors in eosinophil development. J. Exp. Med. 195, 1379\u20131386 (2002).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"9123_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.68","volume":"25","author":"B Kelly","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kelly, B. & O\u2019Neill, L. A. Metabolic reprogramming in macrophages and dendritic cells in innate immunity. Cell Res. 25, 771\u2013784 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"9123_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302578","volume":"62","author":"H Duboc","year":"2013","unstructured":"Duboc, H. et al. Connecting dysbiosis, bile-acid dysmetabolism and gut inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases. Gut 62, 531\u2013539 (2013).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9123_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2012.11.017","volume":"15","author":"P Martinez-Moya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Martinez-Moya, P. et al. Dose-dependent antiinflammatory effect of ursodeoxycholic acid in experimental colitis. Int. Immunopharmacol. 15, 372\u2013380 (2013).","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"9123_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04480-z","volume":"603","author":"D Paik","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paik, D. et al. Human gut bacteria produce Tau(Eta)17-modulating bile acid metabolites. Nature 603, 907\u2013912 (2022).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9123_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13828","volume":"517","author":"CG Buffie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Buffie, C. G. et al. Precision microbiome reconstitution restores bile acid mediated resistance to Clostridium difficile. Nature 517, 205\u2013208 (2015).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9123_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2017.03.004","volume":"45","author":"R Thanissery","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thanissery, R., Winston, J. A. & Theriot, C. M. Inhibition of spore germination, growth, and toxin activity of clinically relevant C. difficile strains by gut microbiota derived secondary bile acids. Anaerobe 45, 86\u2013100 (2017).","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"9123_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.1MA0122-513R","volume":"112","author":"RP Xiao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiao, R. P. et al. Synthesis and identification of lithocholic acid 3-sulfate as ROR\u03b3t ligand to inhibit Th17 cell differentiation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 112, 835\u2013843 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"9123_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-023-00420-5","volume":"9","author":"Y Yan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yan, Y. et al. Bacteroides uniformis-induced perturbations in colonic microbiota and bile acid levels inhibit TH17 differentiation and ameliorate colitis developments. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 9, 56 (2023).","journal-title":"NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"9123_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-023-01386-9","volume":"21","author":"K Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, K., Guo, J., Yan, W. & Xu, L. Macrophage polarization in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell Commun. Signal 21, 367 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Commun. Signal"},{"key":"9123_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2017.07.021","volume":"153","author":"FM Bloemendaal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bloemendaal, F. M. et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor with a glyco-engineered Fc-region has increased efficacy in mice with colitis. Gastroenterology 153, 1351\u20131362 e1354 (2017).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9123_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.10.008","volume":"140","author":"AC Vos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vos, A. C. et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies induce regulatory macrophages in an Fc region-dependent manner. Gastroenterology 140, 221\u2013230 (2011).","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"9123_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7107","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S344990","volume":"14","author":"S Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, S. et al. Isosteviol sodium exerts anti-colitic effects on BALB\/c mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis through metabolic reprogramming and immune response modulation. J. Inflamm. Res. 14, 7107\u20137130 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"9123_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918747","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.918747","volume":"13","author":"R Thibaut","year":"2022","unstructured":"Thibaut, R., Orliaguet, L., Ejlalmanesh, T., Venteclef, N. & Alzaid, F. Perspective on direction of control: Cellular metabolism and macrophage polarization. Front. Immunol. 13, 918747 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"9123_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.70","volume":"16","author":"LA O\u2019Neill","year":"2016","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, L. A., Kishton, R. J. & Rathmell, J. A guide to immunometabolism for immunologists. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 16, 553\u2013565 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"9123_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11986","volume":"496","author":"GM Tannahill","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tannahill, G. M. et al. Succinate is an inflammatory signal that induces IL-1beta through HIF-1alpha. Nature 496, 238\u2013242 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9123_CR37","first-page":"534","volume":"21","author":"K Ray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ray, K. ETS2 regulates human inflammatory macrophages in IBD. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 21, 534 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"9123_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000000239","volume":"58","author":"A Levine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Levine, A. et al. ESPGHAN revised porto criteria for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 58, 795\u2013806 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr."},{"key":"9123_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/7651_2014_99","volume":"1304","author":"C Riedhammer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Riedhammer, C., Halbritter, D. & Weissert, R. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells: isolation, freezing, thawing, and culture. Methods Mol. Biol. 1304, 53\u201361 (2016).","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"9123_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.04.012","volume":"83","author":"YT Xiao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xiao, Y. T., Yan, W. H., Cao, Y., Yan, J. K. & Cai, W. Neutralization of IL-6 and TNF-alpha ameliorates intestinal permeability in DSS-induced colitis. Cytokine 83, 189\u2013192 (2016).","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"9123_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00878.x","volume":"116","author":"F Obermeier","year":"1999","unstructured":"Obermeier, F. et al. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)- and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-induced nitric oxide as toxic effector molecule in chronic dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 116, 238\u2013245 (1999).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"9123_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07935","volume":"459","author":"T Sato","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sato, T. et al. Single Lgr5 stem cells build crypt-villus structures in vitro without a mesenchymal niche. Nature 459, 262\u2013265 (2009).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9123_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17406","volume":"532","author":"R Okumura","year":"2016","unstructured":"Okumura, R. et al. Lypd8 promotes the segregation of flagellated microbiota and colonic epithelia. Nature 532, 117\u2013121 (2016).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9123_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranjan, K., Hedl, M., Sinha, S., Zhang, X. & Abraham, C. Ubiquitination of ATF6 by disease-associated RNF186 promotes the innate receptor-induced unfolded protein response. J. Clin. Invest. 131, e145472 (2021).","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI145472"},{"key":"9123_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00818","volume":"13","author":"Z Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Huang, J., Yang, S. P. & Weaver, D. F. Anti-inflammatory anthranilate analogue enhances autophagy through mTOR and promotes ER-turnover through TEX264 during Alzheimer-associated neuroinflammation. ACS Chem. Neurosci. 13, 406\u2013422 (2022).","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"9123_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, Y. et al. Generation and identification of GM-CSF derived alveolar-like macrophages and dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow. J. Vis. Exp. 25, 54194 (2016).","DOI":"10.3791\/54194-v"},{"key":"9123_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luu, A. M., Shepardson, K. M. & Rynda-Apple, A. A comprehensive protocol for the collection, differentiation, cryopreservation, and resuscitation of primary murine bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDM). Immunol. Invest. 53, 1001\u20131012 (2024).","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2024.2382805"},{"key":"9123_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-024-00911-x","volume":"30","author":"SW Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee, S. W. et al. IDH2 regulates macrophage polarization and tumorigenesis by modulating mitochondrial metabolism in macrophages. Mol. Med. 30, 143 (2024).","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"9123_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adk9681","volume":"10","author":"N Samson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Samson, N. et al. HSDL2 links nutritional cues to bile acid and cholesterol homeostasis. Sci. Adv. 10, eadk9681 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"9123_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shum, M. et al. ABCB10 exports mitochondrial biliverdin, driving metabolic maladaptation in obesity. Sci. Transl. Med. 13, eabd1869 (2021).","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abd1869"},{"key":"9123_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2024.155942","volume":"159","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. The mitochondrial TSPO ligand Atriol mitigates metabolic-associated steatohepatitis by downregulating CXCL1. Metabolism 159, 155942 (2024).","journal-title":"Metabolism"}],"container-title":["Communications Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-09123-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-09123-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-09123-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T17:03:20Z","timestamp":1764349400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-025-09123-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-025-09123-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3642"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3642","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1718"}}