{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:54:44Z","timestamp":1785113684320,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769126400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":32,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20210908"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20210908"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Xuzhou Medical University start-up grant for excellent scientist"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Biol"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-026-09574-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T11:35:35Z","timestamp":1769168135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A paraventricular hypothalamic control of social stress susceptibility by targeting brown adipose tissue \u03b23 adrenoceptor"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongyu","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingzhen","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7098-8718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mengqiao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5178-3021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongxing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8932-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun-Li","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1086-9290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhou","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"9574_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates (WHO, 2017)."},{"key":"9574_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31948-2","volume":"392","author":"GS Malhi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malhi, G. S. & Mann, J. J. Depression. Lancet 392, 2299\u20132312 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9574_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/515180a","volume":"515","author":"K Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith, K. Mental health: a world of depression. Nature 515, 181 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9574_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16065","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.65","volume":"2","author":"C Otte","year":"2016","unstructured":"Otte, C. et al. Major depressive disorder. Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim. 2, 16065 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Prim."},{"key":"9574_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02080-3","volume":"401","author":"S Marwaha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marwaha, S. et al. Novel and emerging treatments for major depression. Lancet 401, 141\u2013153 (2023).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9574_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.07.051","volume":"159","author":"LZ Agudelo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Agudelo, L. Z. et al. Skeletal muscle PGC-1\u03b11 modulates kynurenine metabolism and mediates resilience to stress-induced depression. Cell 159, 33\u201345 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9574_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2019.11.006","volume":"29","author":"XH Qin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qin, X. H. et al. Liver soluble epoxide hydrolase regulates behavioral and cellular effects of chronic stress. Cell Rep. 29, 3223\u20133234.e3226 (2019).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"9574_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cathomas, F. et al. Circulating myeloid-derived MMP8 in stress susceptibility and depression. Nature https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-07015-2 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-07015-2"},{"key":"9574_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.10.023","volume":"81","author":"Y Milaneschi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Milaneschi, Y., Lamers, F., Bot, M., Drent, M. L. & Penninx, B. W. J. H. Leptin dysregulation is specifically associated with major depression with atypical features: evidence for a mechanism connecting obesity and depression. Biol. Psychiatry 81, 807\u2013814 (2017).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"9574_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ji, J. et al. Mechanisms of microbial-gut-brain axis modulation by electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of depression. Anesthesiol. Perioper. Sci. 3, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44254-025-00103-8 (2025).","DOI":"10.1007\/s44254-025-00103-8"},{"key":"9574_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Deng, Y. et al. Involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in chronic restraint stress: disturbances of the kynurenine metabolic pathway in both the gut and brain. Gut Microbes 13, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2020.1869501 (2021).","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2020.1869501"},{"key":"9574_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2005.11.006","volume":"27","author":"CL Raison","year":"2006","unstructured":"Raison, C. L., Capuron, L. & Miller, A. H. Cytokines sing the blues: inflammation and the pathogenesis of depression. Trends Immunol. 27, 24\u201331 (2006).","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"9574_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03830-7","volume":"597","author":"F Cardoso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cardoso, F. et al. Neuro-mesenchymal units control ILC2 and obesity via a brain-adipose circuit. Nature 597, 410\u2013414 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9574_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13664","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.13664","volume":"57","author":"S Daches","year":"2020","unstructured":"Daches, S., Vine, V., George, C. J., Jennings, J. R. & Kovacs, M. Sympathetic arousal during the processing of dysphoric affect by youths at high and low familial risk for depression. Psychophysiology 57, e13664 (2020).","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"9574_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950050071008","volume":"51","author":"RC Veith","year":"1994","unstructured":"Veith, R. C. et al. Sympathetic nervous system activity in major depression. Basal and desipramine-induced alterations in plasma norepinephrine kinetics. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 51, 411\u2013422 (1994).","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"9574_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2010.04.001","volume":"35","author":"U Knorr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Knorr, U., Vinberg, M., Kessing, L. V. & Wetterslev, J. Salivary cortisol in depressed patients versus control persons: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 35, 1275\u20131286 (2010).","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"9574_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.136","volume":"13","author":"F Villarroya","year":"2017","unstructured":"Villarroya, F., Cereijo, R., Villarroya, J. & Giralt, M. Brown adipose tissue as a secretory organ. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 13, 26\u201335 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"9574_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808949","volume":"360","author":"KA Virtanen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Virtanen, K. A. et al. Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults.  N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 1518\u20131525 (2009).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"9574_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.05.054","volume":"182","author":"H Qing","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qing, H. et al. Origin and function of stress-induced IL-6 in murine models. Cell 182, 372\u2013387.e314 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9574_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sideromenos, S. et al. The metabolic regulator USF-1 is involved in the control of affective behaviour in mice. Transl. Psychiatry 12, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-022-02266-5 (2022).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-022-02266-5"},{"key":"9574_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7659","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2509-21.2022","volume":"42","author":"S Sideromenos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sideromenos, S. et al. Uncoupling protein-1 modulates anxiety-like behavior in a temperature-dependent manner.  J. Neurosci. 42, 7659\u20137672 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"9574_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sarlon, J., Partonen, T. & Lang, U. E. Potential links between brown adipose tissue, circadian dysregulation, and suicide risk. Front. Neurosci. 17, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2023.1196029 (2023).","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1196029"},{"key":"9574_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.3109\/07853890.2015.1072280","volume":"47","author":"T Partonen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Partonen, T. Brown fat activity deepens depression: true or false? Ann. Med. 47, 527\u2013529 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann. Med."},{"key":"9574_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.37.1.421","volume":"37","author":"AD Strosberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Strosberg, A. D. Structure and function of the beta 3-adrenergic receptor. Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 37, 421\u2013450 (1997).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"9574_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.107598","volume":"31","author":"A Guilherme","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guilherme, A. et al. Control of adipocyte thermogenesis and lipogenesis through beta3-adrenergic and thyroid hormone signal integration. Cell Rep. 31, 107598 (2020).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"9574_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1073160","volume":"297","author":"ES Bachman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bachman, E. S. et al. betaAR signaling required for diet-induced thermogenesis and obesity resistance. Science 297, 843\u2013845 (2002).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9574_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.02.036","volume":"186","author":"HY Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, H. Y. et al. A thalamic-primary auditory cortex circuit mediates resilience to stress. Cell 186, 1352\u20131368.e1318 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9574_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.09.018","volume":"131","author":"V Krishnan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Krishnan, V. et al. Molecular adaptations underlying susceptibility and resistance to social defeat in brain reward regions. Cell 131, 391\u2013404 (2007).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9574_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2011.361","volume":"6","author":"SA Golden","year":"2011","unstructured":"Golden, S. A., Covington, H. E. 3rd, Berton, O. & Russo, S. J. A standardized protocol for repeated social defeat stress in mice. Nat. Protoc. 6, 1183\u20131191 (2011).","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"9574_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.58","volume":"41","author":"R-X Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, R.-X. et al. EphB2 in the medial prefrontal cortex regulates vulnerability to stress. Neuropsychopharmacology 41, 2541\u20132556 (2016).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"9574_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2527-y","volume":"583","author":"P Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, P. et al. A leptin-BDNF pathway regulating sympathetic innervation of adipose tissue. Nature 583, 839\u2013844 (2020).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9574_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-020-00829-6","volume":"42","author":"D Sharma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharma, D. & Farrar, J. D. Adrenergic regulation of immune cell function and inflammation. Semin. Immunopathol. 42, 709\u2013717 (2020).","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"9574_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.12.011","volume":"27","author":"J Chi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chi, J. et al. Three-dimensional adipose tissue imaging reveals regional variation in beige fat biogenesis and PRDM16-dependent sympathetic neurite density. Cell Metab. 27, 226\u2013236.e223 (2018).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"9574_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2040-4603.2017.tb00784.x","volume":"7","author":"L Rui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rui, L. Brown and beige adipose tissues in health and disease. Compr. Physiol. 7, 1281\u20131306 (2017).","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"9574_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.05.018","volume":"20","author":"N Kataoka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kataoka, N., Hioki, H., Kaneko, T. & Nakamura, K. Psychological stress activates a dorsomedial hypothalamus-medullary raphe circuit driving brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and hyperthermia. Cell Metab. 20, 346\u2013358 (2014).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"9574_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10777","volume":"481","author":"P Bostrom","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bostrom, P. et al. A PGC1-alpha-dependent myokine that drives brown-fat-like development of white fat and thermogenesis. Nature 481, 463\u2013468 (2012).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9574_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2017.05.012","volume":"6","author":"A Guilherme","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guilherme, A. et al. Adipocyte lipid synthesis coupled to neuronal control of thermogenic programming. Mol. Metab. 6, 781\u2013796 (2017).","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"9574_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01561-8","volume":"27","author":"X Zhu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhu, X. et al. Somatosensory cortex and central amygdala regulate neuropathic pain-mediated peripheral immune response via vagal projections to the spleen. Nat. Neurosci. 27, 471\u2013483 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"9574_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2011.00102","volume":"2","author":"S Collins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Collins, S. beta-adrenoceptor signaling networks in adipocytes for recruiting stored fat and energy expenditure. Front. Endocrinol. 2, 102 (2011).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"9574_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.12.009","volume":"21","author":"AM Cypess","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cypess, A. M. et al. Activation of human brown adipose tissue by a \u03b23-adrenergic receptor agonist. Cell Metab. 21, 33\u201338 (2015).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"9574_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.10.004","volume":"131","author":"S Gesta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gesta, S., Tseng, Y.-H. & Kahn, C. R. Developmental origin of fat: tracking obesity to its source. Cell 131, 242\u2013256 (2007).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9574_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, H.-J., Meng, T., Gao, P.-J. & Ruan, C.-C. The role of brown adipose tissue dysfunction in the development of cardiovascular disease. Front. Endocrinol. 12, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2021.652246 (2021).","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.652246"},{"key":"9574_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.132","volume":"14","author":"MJ Betz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Betz, M. J. & Enerb\u00e4ck, S. Targeting thermogenesis in brown fat and muscle to treat obesity and metabolic disease. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 14, 77\u201387 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"9574_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1039\/C4TB01914H","volume":"3","author":"DR Rice","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rice, D. R., White, A. G., Leevy, W. M. & Smith, B. D. Fluorescence imaging of interscapular brown adipose tissue in living mice. J. Mater. Chem. B 3, 1979\u20131989 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"9574_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7346","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01272-1","volume":"26","author":"MG Kitzbichler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kitzbichler, M. G. et al. Peripheral inflammation is associated with micro-structural and functional connectivity changes in depression-related brain networks. Mol. Psychiatry 26, 7346\u20137354 (2021).","journal-title":"Mol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"9574_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.12.020","volume":"85","author":"F Lamers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lamers, F. et al. Longitudinal association between depression and inflammatory markers: results from the netherlands study of depression and anxiety. Biol. Psychiatry 85, 829\u2013837 (2019).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"9574_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-017-0010-3","volume":"20","author":"C Menard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Menard, C. et al. Social stress induces neurovascular pathology promoting depression. Nat. Neurosci. 20, 1752\u20131760 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Neurosci."},{"key":"9574_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16136","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1415191111","volume":"111","author":"GE Hodes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hodes, G. E. et al. Individual differences in the peripheral immune system promote resilience versus susceptibility to social stress. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 16136\u201316141 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"9574_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2018.08.020","volume":"85","author":"H Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, H. et al. \u03b11- and \u03b23-adrenergic receptor\u2013mediated mesolimbic homeostatic plasticity confers resilience to social stress in susceptible mice. Biol. Psychiatry 85, 226\u2013236 (2019).","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"9574_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.09.003","volume":"206","author":"J Stemmelin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stemmelin, J., Cohen, C., Yalcin, I., Keane, P. & Griebel, G. Implication of beta3-adrenoceptors in the antidepressant-like effects of amibegron using Adrb3 knockout mice in the chronic mild stress. Behav. Brain Res. 206, 310\u2013312 (2010).","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"key":"9574_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.07.011","volume":"156","author":"Y Claustre","year":"2008","unstructured":"Claustre, Y. et al. Effects of the beta3-adrenoceptor (Adrb3) agonist SR58611A (amibegron) on serotonergic and noradrenergic transmission in the rodent: relevance to its antidepressant\/anxiolytic-like profile. Neuroscience 156, 353\u2013364 (2008).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"9574_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.21789","volume":"69","author":"MR Mirbolooki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mirbolooki, M. R., Schade, K. N., Constantinescu, C. C., Pan, M.-L. & Mukherjee, J. Enhancement of18F-fluorodeoxyglucose metabolism in rat brain frontal cortex using a \u03b23 adrenoceptor agonist. Synapse 69, 96\u201398 (2015).","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"key":"9574_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Cui, M., Cao, J.-L. & Han, M.-H. The role of beta-adrenergic receptors in depression and resilience. Biomedicines 10, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines10102378 (2022).","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10102378"},{"key":"9574_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301424","volume":"33","author":"J Stemmelin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stemmelin, J. et al. Stimulation of the beta3-Adrenoceptor as a novel treatment strategy for anxiety and depressive disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 33, 574\u2013587 (2008).","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"9574_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nisoli, E., Tonello, C., Landi, M. & Carruba, M. O. Functional studies of the first selective beta 3-adrenergic receptor antagonist SR 59230A in rat brown adipocytes. Mol. Pharmacol. 49, 7\u201314 (1996).","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)08695-X"},{"key":"9574_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2015.09.008","volume":"26","author":"S Kooijman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kooijman, S., van den Heuvel, J. K. & Rensen, P. C. N. Neuronal control of brown fat activity. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 26, 657\u2013668 (2015).","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"9574_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00757-7","volume":"331","author":"X-M Chen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chen, X.-M. et al. The caudal periaqueductal gray participates in the activation of brown adipose tissue in rats. Neurosci. Lett. 331, 17\u201320 (2002).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"9574_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.08.004","volume":"35","author":"JS Wright","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wright, J. S. & Panksepp, J. Toward affective circuit-based preclinical models of depression: sensitizing dorsal PAG arousal leads to sustained suppression of positive affect in rats. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 35, 1902\u20131915 (2011).","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"key":"9574_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(86)90300-3","volume":"19","author":"G Ju","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ju, G., Liu, S. & Tao, J. Projections from the hypothalamus and its adjacent areas to the posterior pituitary in the rat. Neuroscience 19, 803\u2013828 (1986).","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"9574_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050390","volume":"120","author":"RN Ranson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ranson, R. N., Motawei, K., Pyner, S. & Coote, J. H. The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus sends efferents to the spinal cord of the rat that closely appose sympathetic preganglionic neurones projecting to the stellate ganglion. Exp. Brain Res. 120, 164\u2013172 (1998).","journal-title":"Exp. Brain Res."},{"key":"9574_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.25026","volume":"529","author":"N Kawakami","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kawakami, N. et al. Variation of pro-vasopressin processing in parvocellular and magnocellular neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus: evidence from the vasopressin-related glycopeptide copeptin.  J. Comp. Neurol. 529, 1372\u20131390 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Comp. Neurol."},{"key":"9574_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2012.07.022","volume":"210","author":"RA Pi\u00f1ol","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pi\u00f1ol, R. A., Bateman, R. & Mendelowitz, D. Optogenetic approaches to characterize the long-range synaptic pathways from the hypothalamus to brain stem autonomic nuclei. J. Neurosci. Methods 210, 238\u2013246 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci. Methods"}],"container-title":["Communications Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09574-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09574-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09574-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T15:04:47Z","timestamp":1771945487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09574-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9574"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-026-09574-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3642"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3642","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"307"}}