{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:52:45Z","timestamp":1790790765734,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":33,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Biol"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-026-09615-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T08:40:00Z","timestamp":1769676000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Single-cell and proteomic profiling unveil aberrant immune phenotypes in gestational diabetes following assisted reproductive technology"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3159-8549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinyan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penghao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqiong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0628-6022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinghan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doudou","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengwen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2043-1150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindan","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3607-5819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson L. S.","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4745-9850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"9615_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00825-0","volume":"404","author":"A Sweeting","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sweeting, A. et al. Epidemiology and management of gestational diabetes. Lancet 404, 175\u2013192 (2024).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9615_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109050","volume":"183","author":"H Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. IDF diabetes atlas: estimation of global and regional gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence for 2021 by International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group\u2019s Criteria. Diab. Res. Clin. Pr. 183, 109050 (2022).","journal-title":"Diab. Res. Clin. Pr."},{"key":"9615_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2214956","volume":"388","author":"D Simmons","year":"2023","unstructured":"Simmons, D. et al. Treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosed early in pregnancy. N. Engl. J. Med. 388, 2132\u20132144 (2023).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"9615_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-2214","volume":"47","author":"A Sweeting","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sweeting, A. et al. Relationship between early-pregnancy glycemia and adverse outcomes: findings from the TOBOGM study. Diab. Care 47, 2085\u20132092 (2024).","journal-title":"Diab. Care"},{"key":"9615_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.2337\/dc23-1667","volume":"47","author":"D Simmons","year":"2024","unstructured":"Simmons, D. et al. Perinatal outcomes in early and late gestational diabetes mellitus after treatment from 24-28 weeks\u2019 gestation: a TOBOGM secondary analysis. Diab. Care 47, 2093\u20132101 (2024).","journal-title":"Diab. Care"},{"key":"9615_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0707943","volume":"358","author":"BE Metzger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Metzger, B. E. et al. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. N. Engl. J. Med. 358, 1991\u20132002 (2008).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"9615_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0688","volume":"32","author":"S Riskin-Mashiah","year":"2009","unstructured":"Riskin-Mashiah, S., Younes, G., Damti, A. & Auslender, R. First-trimester fasting hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Diab. Care 32, 1639\u20131643 (2009).","journal-title":"Diab. Care"},{"key":"9615_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.11628","volume":"320","author":"WL Lowe Jr.","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lowe, W. L. Jr. et al. Association of gestational diabetes with maternal disorders of glucose metabolism and childhood adiposity. JAMA 320, 1005\u20131016 (2018).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"9615_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-1646","volume":"42","author":"WL Lowe Jr.","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lowe, W. L. Jr. et al. Hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcome follow-up study (HAPO FUS): maternal gestational diabetes mellitus and childhood glucose metabolism. Diab. Care 42, 372\u2013380 (2019).","journal-title":"Diab. Care"},{"key":"9615_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02131-3","volume":"23","author":"Q Ying","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ying, Q. et al. Gestational diabetes mellitus and risk of long-term all-cause and cardiac mortality: a prospective cohort study. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 23, 47 (2024).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"9615_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2022.109790","volume":"185","author":"LP Lowe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lowe, L. P. et al. Associations of glycemia and lipid levels in pregnancy with dyslipidemia 10-14 years later: the HAPO follow-up study. Diab. Res. Clin. Pr. 185, 109790 (2022).","journal-title":"Diab. Res. Clin. Pr."},{"key":"9615_CR12","first-page":"524","volume":"44","author":"WH Organization","year":"2023","unstructured":"Organization, W. H. 1 in 6 people globally affected by infertility: WHO. Saudi Med. J. 44, 524\u2013525 (2023).","journal-title":"Saudi Med. J."},{"key":"9615_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adh0073","volume":"380","author":"M Herbert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Herbert, M., Choudhary, M. & Zander-Fox, D. Assisted reproductive technologies at the nexus of fertility treatment and disease prevention. Science 380, 164\u2013167 (2023).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9615_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2023.04.022","volume":"120","author":"A Pinborg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pinborg, A., Wennerholm, U. B. & Bergh, C. Long-term outcomes for children conceived by assisted reproductive technology. Fertil. Steril. 120, 449\u2013456 (2023).","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"9615_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111654","volume":"210","author":"M Vergani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vergani, M. et al. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus risk factors in singleton pregnancies obtained by assisted reproductive technology: an observational, retrospective, real-world study from a pregnancy registry. Diab. Res. Clin. Pr. 210, 111654 (2024).","journal-title":"Diab. Res. Clin. Pr."},{"key":"9615_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa011","volume":"26","author":"JK Bosdou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bosdou, J. K. et al. Risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in women achieving singleton pregnancy spontaneously or after ART: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum. Reprod. Update 26, 514\u2013544 (2020).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"9615_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3625","volume":"39","author":"C Bianchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bianchi, C. et al. Assisted reproductive technology, risk of gestational diabetes, and perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies. Diab. Metab. Res. Rev. 39, e3625 (2023).","journal-title":"Diab. Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"9615_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.03.040","volume":"106","author":"S Holst","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holst, S., Kj\u00e6r, S. K., J\u00f8rgensen, M. E., Damm, P. & Jensen, A. Fertility problems and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study. Fertil. Steril. 106, 427\u2013434.e421 (2016).","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"9615_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2017.09.016","volume":"86","author":"P Anagnostis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anagnostis, P., Tarlatzis, B. C. & Kauffman, R. P. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): long-term metabolic consequences. Metabolism 86, 33\u201343 (2018).","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"9615_CR20","first-page":"102","volume":"5","author":"D Sachdev","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sachdev, D., Sauer, M. V. & Ananth, C. V. Gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnancies conceived after infertility treatment: a population-based study in the United States, 2015-2020. F. S. Rep. 5, 102\u2013110 (2024).","journal-title":"F. S. Rep."},{"key":"9615_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2023.1081069","volume":"14","author":"YC He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He, Y. C. et al. Serum anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone levels are associated with perinatal outcomes in women undergoing IVF\/ICSI: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. Front. Endocrinol. 14, 1081069 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"9615_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1660","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05447-x","volume":"64","author":"T Tanaka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tanaka, T. et al. Oestrogen receptor \u03b1 in T cells controls the T cell immune profile and glucose metabolism in mouse models of gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 64, 1660\u20131673 (2021).","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"9615_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.679582","volume":"12","author":"Y Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Transcriptomic profiling of human placenta in gestational diabetes mellitus at the single-cell level. Front. Endocrinol. 12, 679582 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"9615_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shangaris, P. et al. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals markers of regulatory T cell dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus. Preprint, 1-21 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3773991\/v1 (2024).","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3773991\/v1"},{"key":"9615_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108637","volume":"27","author":"M Yin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yin, M. et al. Adverse effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on fetal monocytes revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. iScience 27, 108637 (2024).","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"9615_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv044","volume":"22","author":"S Vannuccini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vannuccini, S. et al. Infertility and reproductive disorders: impact of hormonal and inflammatory mechanisms on pregnancy outcome. Hum. Reprod. Update 22, 104\u2013115 (2016).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"9615_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa012","volume":"26","author":"S Brouillet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brouillet, S. et al. C-reactive protein and ART outcomes: a systematic review. Hum. Reprod. Update 26, 753\u2013773 (2020).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"9615_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmad016","volume":"29","author":"F Parisi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Parisi, F. et al. The pathophysiological role of estrogens in the initial stages of pregnancy: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications for pregnancy outcome from the periconceptional period to end of the first trimester. Hum. Reprod. Update 29, 699\u2013720 (2023).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"9615_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2011.08.003","volume":"32","author":"JM Raunig","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raunig, J. M., Yamauchi, Y., Ward, M. A. & Collier, A. C. Placental inflammation and oxidative stress in the mouse model of assisted reproduction. Placenta 32, 852\u2013858 (2011).","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"9615_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2010.01.005","volume":"31","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Altered global gene expressions of human placentae subjected to assisted reproductive technology treatments. Placenta 31, 251\u2013258 (2010).","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"9615_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Omazi\u0107, J. et al. Metabolic and immune parameters in pregnant women with impaired glucose metabolism\u2014a pilot study. Metabolites 14, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo14100551 (2024).","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo14100551"},{"key":"9615_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00588","volume":"11","author":"J Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, J., Kong, W. & Zhong, J. Editorial: Cross talk between the immune system and metabolism. Front. Endocrinol. 11, 588 (2020).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"9615_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.03.007","volume":"56","author":"AM Kabat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kabat, A. M., Pearce, E. L. & Pearce, E. J. Metabolism in type 2 immune responses. Immunity 56, 723\u2013741 (2023).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"9615_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhu, H. et al. Cohort profile: the Ningbo birth cohort of population undergoing assisted reproductive technology (NBart). Int. J. Epidemiol. 53, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/dyae086 (2024).","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyae086"},{"key":"9615_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2021-325915","volume":"72","author":"C Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, C. et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals intrahepatic and peripheral immune characteristics related to disease phases in HBV-infected patients. Gut 72, 153\u2013167 (2023).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9615_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0762-x","volume":"21","author":"JY Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, J. Y. et al. Single-cell landscape of immunological responses in patients with COVID-19. Nat. Immunol. 21, 1107\u20131118 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"9615_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25771-5","volume":"12","author":"Z Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, Z. et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from acute Kawasaki disease patients. Nat. Commun. 12, 5444 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"9615_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00526-2","volume":"6","author":"L Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang, L. et al. Dynamic blood single-cell immune responses in patients with COVID-19. Signal Transduct. Target Ther. 6, 110 (2021).","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"9615_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.821","volume":"12","author":"D Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen, D. et al. Single-cell atlas of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from pregnant women. Clin. Transl. Med. 12, e821 (2022).","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"9615_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.10.013","volume":"56","author":"M Terekhova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Terekhova, M. et al. Single-cell atlas of healthy human blood unveils age-related loss of NKG2C(+)GZMB(-)CD8(+) memory T cells and accumulation of type 2 memory T cells. Immunity 56, 2836\u20132854.e2839 (2023).","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"9615_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15543-y","volume":"11","author":"E Cano-Gamez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cano-Gamez, E. et al. Single-cell transcriptomics identifies an effectorness gradient shaping the response of CD4(+) T cells to cytokines. Nat. Commun. 11, 1801 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"9615_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2023.103124","volume":"142","author":"EG Carmona","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carmona, E. G. et al. Single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals a pathogenic role of cytotoxic CD4(+) T cells in giant cell arteritis. J. Autoimmun. 142, 103124 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"9615_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2021.01.026","volume":"113","author":"T Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, T. et al. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the sustained immune cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of sepsis secondary to bacterial pneumonia. Genomics 113, 1219\u20131233 (2021).","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"9615_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq7599","volume":"9","author":"H Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu, H. et al. Human PBMC scRNA-seq-based aging clocks reveal ribosome to inflammation balance as a single-cell aging hallmark and super longevity. Sci. Adv. 9, eabq7599 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"9615_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26940-2","volume":"12","author":"AH Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee, A. H. et al. Neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade induces T cell and cDC1 activation but fails to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor associated macrophages in recurrent glioblastoma. Nat. Commun. 12, 6938 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"9615_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13568","volume":"168","author":"J Xia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xia, J. et al. Single-cell landscape and clinical outcomes of infiltrating B cells in colorectal cancer. Immunology 168, 135\u2013151 (2023).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"9615_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2023-224421","volume":"82","author":"M Ota","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ota, M. et al. Multimodal repertoire analysis unveils B cell biology in immune-mediated diseases. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 82, 1455\u20131463 (2023).","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"9615_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-017-0660-y","volume":"40","author":"K Thiele","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thiele, K., Diao, L. & Arck, P. C. Immunometabolism, pregnancy, and nutrition. Semin. Immunopathol. 40, 157\u2013174 (2018).","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"9615_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00670-0","volume":"19","author":"E Deer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deer, E. et al. The role of immune cells and mediators in preeclampsia. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 19, 257\u2013270 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"9615_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2023.110681","volume":"115","author":"H Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu, H. et al. Comprehensive landscape of the T and B-cell repertoires of newly diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus. Genomics 115, 110681 (2023).","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"9615_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.02.009","volume":"117","author":"JE Stern","year":"2022","unstructured":"Stern, J. E. et al. Assisted reproductive technology treatment increases obstetric and neonatal risks over that of the underlying infertility diagnosis. Fertil. Steril. 117, 1223\u20131234 (2022).","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"9615_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0698-6","volume":"563","author":"R Vento-Tormo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vento-Tormo, R. et al. Single-cell reconstruction of the early maternal-fetal interface in humans. Nature 563, 347\u2013353 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9615_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-019-0351-2","volume":"16","author":"F F\u00f6rger","year":"2020","unstructured":"F\u00f6rger, F. & Villiger, P. M. Immunological adaptations in pregnancy that modulate rheumatoid arthritis disease activity. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 16, 113\u2013122 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"9615_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-05669-2","volume":"7","author":"W Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou, W. et al. Characterizing immune variation and diagnostic indicators of preeclampsia by single-cell RNA sequencing and machine learning. Commun. Biol. 7, 32 (2024).","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"9615_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lorenzo, P. I., Mart\u00edn-Montalvo, A., Cobo Vuilleumier, N. & Gauthier, B. R. Molecular modelling of islet \u03b2-cell adaptation to inflammation in pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 20, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20246171 (2019).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20246171"},{"key":"9615_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111838","volume":"216","author":"L Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan, L. et al. The causal relationship between 91 inflammatory cytokines and gestational diabetes mmellitus: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Diab. Res Clin. Pr. 216, 111838 (2024).","journal-title":"Diab. Res Clin. Pr."},{"key":"9615_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5171","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehae688","volume":"45","author":"N Di Pietrantonio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Di Pietrantonio, N. et al. The inflammatory and oxidative phenotype of gestational diabetes is epigenetically transmitted to the offspring: role of methyltransferase MLL1-induced H3K4me3. Eur. Heart J. 45, 5171\u20135185 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"9615_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2012-2138","volume":"154","author":"CM O\u2019Neill","year":"2013","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, C. M. et al. Circulating levels of IL-1B+IL-6 cause ER stress and dysfunction in islets from prediabetic male mice. Endocrinology 154, 3077\u20133088 (2013).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"9615_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.01.023","volume":"15","author":"K Eguchi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eguchi, K. et al. Saturated fatty acid and TLR signaling link \u03b2 cell dysfunction and islet inflammation. Cell Metab. 15, 518\u2013533 (2012).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"9615_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2022-328406","volume":"72","author":"Y Pinto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pinto, Y. et al. Gestational diabetes is driven by microbiota-induced inflammation months before diagnosis. Gut 72, 918\u2013928 (2023).","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"9615_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16160","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.004565","volume":"293","author":"MG Ward","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ward, M. G., Li, G. & Hao, M. Apoptotic \u03b2-cells induce macrophage reprogramming under diabetic conditions. J. Biol. Chem. 293, 16160\u201316173 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"9615_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176241","volume":"963","author":"V Gayatri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gayatri, V. et al. Crosstalk between inflammasomes, inflammation, and Nrf2: implications for gestational diabetes mellitus pathogenesis and therapeutics. Eur. J. Pharm. 963, 176241 (2024).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm."},{"key":"9615_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3361","volume":"13","author":"A Erlebacher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Erlebacher, A. Mechanisms of T cell tolerance towards the allogeneic fetus. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 13, 23\u201333 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"9615_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120216","volume":"32","author":"YH Chien","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chien, Y. H., Meyer, C. & Bonneville, M. \u03b3\u03b4 T cells: first line of defense and beyond. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 32, 121\u2013155 (2014).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"9615_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.101","volume":"17","author":"MM Nielsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nielsen, M. M., Witherden, D. A. & Havran, W. L. \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in homeostasis and host defence of epithelial barrier tissues. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 17, 733\u2013745 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"9615_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3131","volume":"16","author":"M PrabhuDas","year":"2015","unstructured":"PrabhuDas, M. et al. Immune mechanisms at the maternal-fetal interface: perspectives and challenges. Nat. Immunol. 16, 328\u2013334 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"9615_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.64","volume":"17","author":"G Mor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mor, G., Aldo, P. & Alvero, A. B. The unique immunological and microbial aspects of pregnancy. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 17, 469\u2013482 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"9615_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/jdr\/3494697","volume":"2025","author":"W Yu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yu, W., Miao, H. & Gong, Y. Lymphocyte subsets and cytokine changes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. J. Diab. Res. 2025, 3494697 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Diab. Res."},{"key":"9615_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI78941","volume":"125","author":"I Magalhaes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Magalhaes, I. et al. Mucosal-associated invariant T cell alterations in obese and type 2 diabetic patients. J. Clin. Invest. 125, 1752\u20131762 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"9615_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5775","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402945","volume":"194","author":"E Carolan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Carolan, E. et al. Altered distribution and increased IL-17 production by mucosal-associated invariant T cells in adult and childhood obesity. J. Immunol. 194, 5775\u20135780 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"9615_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3854","volume":"18","author":"O Rouxel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rouxel, O. et al. Cytotoxic and regulatory roles of mucosal-associated invariant T cells in type 1 diabetes. Nat. Immunol. 18, 1321\u20131331 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"9615_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015020149","volume":"27","author":"S Djudjaj","year":"2016","unstructured":"Djudjaj, S. et al. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor mediates proliferative GN via CD74. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 27, 1650\u20131664 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"9615_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5273","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302209","volume":"192","author":"C Klasen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Klasen, C. et al. MIF promotes B cell chemotaxis through the receptors CXCR4 and CD74 and ZAP-70 signaling. J. Immunol. 192, 5273\u20135284 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"9615_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-024-05338-5","volume":"81","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, L. et al. CD74 is a functional MIF receptor on activated CD4(+) T cells. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 81, 296 (2024).","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"9615_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1125605","volume":"14","author":"T Van Meerhaeghe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Van Meerhaeghe, T., N\u00e9el, A., Brouard, S. & Degauque, N. Regulation of CD8 T cell by B-cells: a narrative review. Front. Immunol. 14, 1125605 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"9615_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1413","volume":"4","author":"MJ Bevan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bevan, M. J. Helping the CD8(+) T-cell response. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 4, 595\u2013602 (2004).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"9615_CR77","volume":"2019","author":"U Kampmann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kampmann, U., Knorr, S., Fuglsang, J. & Ovesen, P. Determinants of maternal insulin resistance during pregnancy: an updated overview. J. Diab. Res. 2019, 5320156 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Diab. Res."},{"key":"9615_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Plows, J. F., Stanley, J. L., Baker, P. N., Reynolds, C. M. & Vickers, M. H. The pathophysiology of gestational diabetes mellitus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19113342 (2018).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113342"},{"key":"9615_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2015.04.006","volume":"36","author":"P Pantham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pantham, P., Aye, I. L. & Powell, T. L. Inflammation in maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus. Placenta 36, 709\u2013715 (2015).","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"9615_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McElwain, C. J., McCarthy, F. P. & McCarthy, C. M. Gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal immune dysregulation: what we know so far. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22084261 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084261"},{"key":"9615_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2016.02.001","volume":"114","author":"SL Gillespie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gillespie, S. L., Porter, K. & Christian, L. M. Adaptation of the inflammatory immune response across pregnancy and postpartum in Black and White women. J. Reprod. Immunol. 114, 27\u201331 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"9615_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1399694","volume":"15","author":"GW Ray","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ray, G. W. et al. Genetic and inflammatory factors underlying gestational diabetes mellitus: a review. Front. Endocrinol. 15, 1399694 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Endocrinol."},{"key":"9615_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13319","volume":"509","author":"M Wilhelm","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wilhelm, M. et al. Mass-spectrometry-based draft of the human proteome. Nature 509, 582\u2013587 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9615_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2009.10.036","volume":"583","author":"T Maier","year":"2009","unstructured":"Maier, T., G\u00fcell, M. & Serrano, L. Correlation of mRNA and protein in complex biological samples. FEBS Lett. 583, 3966\u20133973 (2009).","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"9615_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-020-0258-4","volume":"21","author":"C Buccitelli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Buccitelli, C. & Selbach, M. mRNAs, proteins and the emerging principles of gene expression control. Nat. Rev. Genet. 21, 630\u2013644 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"9615_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0879-y","volume":"566","author":"B Briney","year":"2019","unstructured":"Briney, B., Inderbitzin, A., Joyce, C. & Burton, D. R. Commonality despite exceptional diversity in the baseline human antibody repertoire. Nature 566, 393\u2013397 (2019).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9615_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002388","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002388","volume":"8","author":"V Kunik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kunik, V., Peters, B. & Ofran, Y. Structural consensus among antibodies defines the antigen binding site. PLoS Comput. Biol. 8, e1002388 (2012).","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"9615_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab657","volume":"107","author":"X Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang, X. et al. Decreased monocyte count is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus development, macrosomia, and inflammation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 107, 192\u2013204 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"9615_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2020.1764235","volume":"132","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, J., Zhu, Q. W., Cheng, X. Y., Sha, C. X. & Cui, Y. B. Clinical significance of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-lymphocyte ratio in women with hyperglycemia. Postgrad. Med. 132, 702\u2013708 (2020).","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"9615_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2017.11.017","volume":"107","author":"AGS Angelo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Angelo, A. G. S. et al. Monocyte profile in peripheral blood of gestational diabetes mellitus patients. Cytokine 107, 79\u201384 (2018).","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"9615_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lobo, T. F. et al. Impaired Treg and NK cells profile in overweight women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 79, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aji.12810 (2018).","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12810"},{"key":"9615_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5488","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.058024","volume":"285","author":"X Qiao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Qiao, X., Pham, D. N., Luo, H. & Wu, J. Ran overexpression leads to diminished T cell responses and selectively modulates nuclear levels of c-Jun and c-Fos. J. Biol. Chem. 285, 5488\u20135496 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"9615_CR93","first-page":"6886","volume":"14","author":"NR Yaseen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yaseen, N. R., Park, J., Kerppola, T., Curran, T. & Sharma, S. A central role for Fos in human B- and T-cell NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells): an acidic region is required for in vitro assembly. Mol. Cell Biol. 14, 6886\u20136895 (1994).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"9615_CR94","first-page":"1566","volume":"14","author":"J Jain","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jain, J. et al. Normal peripheral T-cell function in c-Fos-deficient mice. Mol. Cell Biol. 14, 1566\u20131574 (1994).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"9615_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pollard, J. M. et al. Pregnancy dedifferentiates memory CD8+ T cells into hypofunctional cells with exhaustion-enriched programs. JCI Insight 9, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.176381 (2024).","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.176381"},{"key":"9615_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2010.03316.x","volume":"131","author":"MT Norton","year":"2010","unstructured":"Norton, M. T., Fortner, K. A., Oppenheimer, K. H. & Bonney, E. A. Evidence that CD8 T-cell homeostasis and function remain intact during murine pregnancy. Immunology 131, 426\u2013437 (2010).","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"9615_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00858-2","volume":"19","author":"X Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu, X. et al. The altered immunological status of children conceived by assisted reproductive technology. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 19, 171 (2021).","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"9615_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6524","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16651","volume":"25","author":"C Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu, C. et al. Supraphysiological estradiol promotes human T follicular helper cell differentiation and favours humoural immunity during in vitro fertilization. J. Cell Mol. Med. 25, 6524\u20136534 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"9615_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00041.2024","volume":"56","author":"F Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao, F. et al. Single-cell profiling of the peripheral blood immune landscape during mid- and late-stage pregnancy. Physiol. Genomics 56, 855\u2013868 (2024).","journal-title":"Physiol. Genomics"},{"key":"9615_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh089","volume":"19","author":"R Orvieto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Orvieto, R. et al. C-reactive protein levels in patients undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF cycle. Hum. Reprod. 19, 357\u2013359 (2004).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"9615_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex005","volume":"32","author":"Z Kollmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kollmann, Z., Schneider, S., Fux, M., Bersinger, N. A. & von Wolff, M. Gonadotrophin stimulation in IVF alters the immune cell profile in follicular fluid and the cytokine concentrations in follicular fluid and serum. Hum. Reprod. 32, 820\u2013831 (2017).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"9615_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01128-0","volume":"44","author":"HY Ye","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ye, H. Y. et al. Serum granulosa cell-derived TNF-\u03b1 promotes inflammation and apoptosis of renal tubular cells and PCOS-related kidney injury through NF-\u03baB signaling. Acta Pharm. Sin. 44, 2432\u20132444 (2023).","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Sin."},{"key":"9615_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(98)00484-1","volume":"71","author":"A Pellicer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pellicer, A. et al. The pathogenesis of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: in vivo studies investigating the role of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Fertil. Steril. 71, 482\u2013489 (1999).","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"9615_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20151785","volume":"213","author":"M Orta-Mascar\u00f3","year":"2016","unstructured":"Orta-Mascar\u00f3, M. et al. CD6 modulates thymocyte selection and peripheral T cell homeostasis. J. Exp. Med. 213, 1387\u20131397 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"9615_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nagy, B. et al. Key to life: physiological role and clinical implications of progesterone. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222011039 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222011039"},{"key":"9615_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a019404","volume":"11","author":"Y Abramov","year":"1996","unstructured":"Abramov, Y. et al. Plasma inflammatory cytokines correlate to the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Hum. Reprod. 11, 1381\u20131386 (1996).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"9615_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2024.104261","volume":"164","author":"SC Baumgarten","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baumgarten, S. C. et al. Evaluation of the maternal systemic immune system during frozen euploid embryo transfer according to cycle outcome. J. Reprod. Immunol. 164, 104261 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"9615_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.03140.x","volume":"28","author":"YH Zhao","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhao, Y. H. et al. Genomic expression profiles of blood and placenta reveal significant immune-related pathways and categories in Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabet. Med. 28, 237\u2013246 (2011).","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"9615_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-016-0715-9","volume":"16","author":"T Lekva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lekva, T., Norwitz, E. R., Aukrust, P. & Ueland, T. Impact of systemic inflammation on the progression of gestational diabetes mellitus. Curr. Diab. Rep. 16, 26 (2016).","journal-title":"Curr. Diab. Rep."},{"key":"9615_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0619-0","volume":"16","author":"I Korsunsky","year":"2019","unstructured":"Korsunsky, I. et al. Fast, sensitive and accurate integration of single-cell data with Harmony. Nat. Methods 16, 1289\u20131296 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"9615_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-023-01933-9","volume":"20","author":"IN Grabski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grabski, I. N., Street, K. & Irizarry, R. A. Significance analysis for clustering with single-cell RNA-sequencing data. Nat. Methods 20, 1196\u20131202 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"9615_CR112","volume":"2","author":"T Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu, T. et al. clusterProfiler 4.0: a universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data. Innovation 2, 100141 (2021).","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"9615_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0045-3","volume":"24","author":"X Guo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guo, X. et al. Global characterization of T cells in non-small-cell lung cancer by single-cell sequencing. Nat. Med. 24, 978\u2013985 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"9615_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.01.053","volume":"184","author":"X Ren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ren, X. et al. COVID-19 immune features revealed by a large-scale single-cell transcriptome atlas. Cell 184, 1895\u20131913.e1819 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9615_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45336-6","volume":"15","author":"V Mercado-Evans","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mercado-Evans, V. et al. Gestational diabetes augments group B Streptococcus infection by disrupting maternal immunity and the vaginal microbiota. Nat. Commun. 15, 1035 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"9615_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2016.05.011","volume":"30","author":"L Wedekind","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wedekind, L. & Belkacemi, L. Altered cytokine network in gestational diabetes mellitus affects maternal insulin and placental-fetal development. J. Diab. Complications 30, 1393\u20131400 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Diab. Complications"},{"key":"9615_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.04.005","volume":"212","author":"NP Joshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joshi, N. P., Madiwale, S. D., Sundrani, D. P. & Joshi, S. R. Fatty acids, inflammation and angiogenesis in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochimie 212, 31\u201340 (2023).","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"9615_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-023-01588-w","volume":"24","author":"JH Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, J. H. et al. Genetics of circulating inflammatory proteins identifies drivers of immune-mediated disease risk and therapeutic targets. Nat. Immunol. 24, 1540\u20131551 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"9615_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00263-y","volume":"5","author":"F Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, F. et al. Adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in severe versus mild individuals. Signal Transduct. Target Ther. 5, 156 (2020).","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target Ther."},{"key":"9615_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4402","volume":"14","author":"X Qiu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qiu, X. et al. Reversed graph embedding resolves complex single-cell trajectories. Nat. Methods 14, 979\u2013982 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"9615_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4463","volume":"14","author":"S Aibar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aibar, S. et al. SCENIC: single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering. Nat. Methods 14, 1083\u20131086 (2017).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"9615_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jin, S., Plikus, M. V. & Nie, Q. CellChat for systematic analysis of cell-cell communication from single-cell transcriptomics. Nat. Protoc. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41596-024-01045-4 (2024).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41596-024-01045-4"},{"key":"9615_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21246-9","volume":"12","author":"S Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin, S. et al. Inference and analysis of cell-cell communication using CellChat. Nat. Commun. 12, 1088 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"9615_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhu, H. GDM_scRNAseq_ART: analysis code for ART-associated gestational diabetes single-cell transcriptomics. Zenodo, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.18195363 (2026).","DOI":"10.5281\/zenodo.18195363"}],"container-title":["Communications Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09615-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09615-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09615-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T13:06:36Z","timestamp":1772543196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09615-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9615"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-026-09615-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3642"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3642","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"335"}}