{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T07:08:16Z","timestamp":1791270496523,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":142,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix (mECM) is increasingly recognized in tissue regeneration due to its high biocompatibility, controllability, and customizability. In musculoskeletal diseases, mECM provides a 3D scaffold mimicking the natural cellular environment and contains bioactive components regulating cell behavior and fate to promote tissue regeneration and repair. This review summarizes the preparation methods and composition of mECM, its effects on regulating cell behavior, and its applications in bone, cartilage, muscle, nerve, and blood vessel repair. It also analyzes the potential mechanisms of mECM\u2019s effects and identifies key challenges to be addressed prior to clinical translation, outlining future development directions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-026-09638-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T18:26:21Z","timestamp":1769883981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1352-9525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuqing","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunyuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinying","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1308-4915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinfeng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9746-6004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"9638_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2024.04.009","volume":"5","author":"Collaborators, G. M. I. A.","year":"2024","unstructured":"Collaborators, G. M. I. A. Global pattern, trend, and cross-country inequality of early musculoskeletal disorders from 1990 to 2019, with projection from 2020 to 2050. Med 5, 943\u2013962 (2024).","journal-title":"Med"},{"key":"9638_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-022-00285-x","volume":"2","author":"W Liang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liang, W. et al. Skin chronological aging drives age-related bone loss via secretion of cystatin-A. Nat. Aging 2, 906\u2013922 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"9638_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00613-3","volume":"4","author":"VR Kedlian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kedlian, V. R. et al. Human skeletal muscle aging atlas. Nat. Aging 4, 727\u2013744 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Aging"},{"key":"9638_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-024-00344-6","volume":"12","author":"Y Shao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shao, Y. et al. PDZK1 protects against mechanical overload-induced chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis by targeting mitochondrial function. Bone Res. 12, 41 (2024).","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"9638_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X. et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix (mECM): a bioactive and versatile scaffold for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Biomed. Mater. 16, 012002 (2020). This review systematically summarized the multifunctional applications and future directions of mECM as a bioactive scaffold in musculoskeletal tissue engineering.","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/abb6b3"},{"key":"9638_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2014.09.011","volume":"32","author":"N Shibuya","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shibuya, N. & Jupiter, D. C. Bone graft substitute: allograft and xenograft. Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg. 32, 21\u201334 (2015).","journal-title":"Clin. Podiatr. Med. Surg."},{"key":"9638_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kroemer, G. et al. From geroscience to precision geromedicine: understanding and managing aging. Cell 188, 2043\u20132062 (2025). This article based on the updated framework of aging markers (including \"extracellular matrix changes\" among others).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.03.011"},{"key":"9638_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101393","volume":"70","author":"M Selman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Selman, M. & Pardo, A. Fibroageing: an ageing pathological feature driven by dysregulated extracellular matrix-cell mechanobiology. Ageing Res. Rev. 70, 101393 (2021).","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"9638_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pilley, S. E. et al. A metabolic atlas of mouse aging. Cell Metab. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.10.016 (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.10.016"},{"key":"9638_CR10","first-page":"494","volume":"34","author":"J Noro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Noro, J., Vilaca-Faria, H., Reis, R. L. & Pirraco, R. P. Extracellular matrix-derived materials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: a journey from isolation to characterization and application. Bioact. Mater. 34, 494\u2013519 (2024).","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"9638_CR11","first-page":"15","volume":"10","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, X. et al. Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: recent trends and emerging strategies in tissue engineering. Bioact. Mater. 10, 15\u201331 (2022).","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"9638_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121786","volume":"289","author":"M Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown, M., Li, J., Moraes, C., Tabrizian, M. & Li-Jessen, N. Y. K. Decellularized extracellular matrix: new promising and challenging biomaterials for regenerative medicine. Biomaterials 289, 121786 (2022).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"9638_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2016.11.049","volume":"117","author":"M Pei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pei, M. Environmental preconditioning rejuvenates adult stem cells\u2019 proliferation and chondrogenic potential. Biomaterials 117, 10\u201323 (2017).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"9638_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202100872","volume":"10","author":"M Deng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deng, M. et al. Modification of PLGA scaffold by MSC-derived extracellular matrix combats macrophage inflammation to initiate bone regeneration via TGF-beta-induced protein. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 10, e2100872 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"9638_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.110286","volume":"106","author":"J Yan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yan, J. et al. Synovium stem cell-derived matrix enhances anti-inflammatory properties of rabbit articular chondrocytes via the SIRT1 pathway. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. Mater. Biol. Appl. 106, 110286 (2020).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C. Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"9638_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.10.022","volume":"118","author":"Z Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, Z. et al. Extracellular matrix derived from allogenic decellularized bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell sheets for the reconstruction of osteochondral defects in rabbits. Acta Biomater. 118, 54\u201368 (2020).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"9638_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.6b00654","volume":"3","author":"AD Dikina","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dikina, A. D., Almeida, H. V., Cao, M., Kelly, D. J. & Alsberg, E. Scaffolds derived from ECM produced by chondrogenically induced human MSC condensates support human MSC chondrogenesis. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 3, 1426\u20131436 (2017).","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"9638_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10.4172","DOI":"10.4172\/2157-7552.1000104","volume":"2","author":"M Pei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pei, M. & Wei, H. F. L. Three-dimensional cell expansion substrate for cartilage tissue engineering and regeneration: a comparison in decellularized matrix deposited by synovium-derived stem cells and chondrocytes. J. Tissue Sci. Eng. 2, 10.4172 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Tissue Sci. Eng."},{"key":"9638_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.06.038","volume":"64","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Pizzute, T., Li, J., He, F. & Pei, M. sb203580 preconditioning recharges matrix-expanded human adult stem cells for chondrogenesis in an inflammatory environment-a feasible approach for autologous stem cell based osteoarthritic cartilage repair. Biomaterials 64, 88\u201397 (2015).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"9638_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48566-7","volume":"9","author":"PK Viji Babu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Viji Babu, P. K., Rianna, C., Mirastschijski, U. & Radmacher, M. Nano-mechanical mapping of interdependent cell and ECM mechanics by AFM force spectroscopy. Sci. Rep. 9, 12317 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"9638_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ragelle, H. et al. Comprehensive proteomic characterization of stem cell-derived extracellular matrices. Biomaterials 128, 147\u2013159 (2017). This study systematically compared the composition of extracellular matrices secreted by MSCs from different sources using proteomics, revealing correlations between compositional differences and tissue-specific functions.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.03.008"},{"key":"9638_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3631","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c00667","volume":"21","author":"AR McCluskey","year":"2020","unstructured":"McCluskey, A. R. et al. Disordered filaments mediate the fibrillogenesis of type I collagen in solution. Biomacromolecules 21, 3631\u20133643 (2020).","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"9638_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201510065","volume":"213","author":"CF Cummings","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cummings, C. F. et al. Extracellular chloride signals collagen IV network assembly during basement membrane formation. J. Cell Biol. 213, 479\u2013494 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"9638_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202004198","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.202004198","volume":"219","author":"M Benito-Jard\u00f3n","year":"2020","unstructured":"Benito-Jard\u00f3n, M. et al. \u03b1v-class integrin binding to fibronectin is solely mediated by RGD and unaffected by an RGE mutation. J. Cell Biol. 219, e202004198 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"9638_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11320","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b04477","volume":"13","author":"B Han","year":"2019","unstructured":"Han, B. et al. Decorin regulates the aggrecan network integrity and biomechanical functions of cartilage extracellular matrix. ACS Nano 13, 11320\u201311333 (2019).","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"9638_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13048","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c00272","volume":"97","author":"X Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, X. et al. Studying the effect of receptors clustering on hyaluronic acid binding with CD44 and the cell entry of hyaluronic acid targeting nanodrugs at single molecule\/particle level. Anal. Chem. 97, 13048\u201313055 (2025).","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"9638_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-16050-w","volume":"11","author":"M Takasugi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takasugi, M. et al. Naked mole-rat very-high-molecular-mass hyaluronan exhibits superior cytoprotective properties. Nat. Commun. 11, 2376 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"9638_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.144469","volume":"315","author":"X Cui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cui, X. et al. Tissue-specific decellularized extracellular matrix rich in collagen, glycoproteins, and proteoglycans and its applications in advanced organoid engineering: a review. Int J. Biol. Macromol. 315, 144469 (2025).","journal-title":"Int J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"9638_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.306091","volume":"16","author":"JY Bae","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bae, J. Y., Park, S. Y., Shin, Y. H., Choi, S. W. & Kim, J. K. Preparation of human decellularized peripheral nerve allograft using amphoteric detergent and nuclease. Neural Regen. Res. 16, 1890\u20131896 (2021).","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"9638_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.04.014","volume":"55","author":"A Shakouri-Motlagh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shakouri-Motlagh, A., O\u2019Connor, A. J., Brennecke, S. P., Kalionis, B. & Heath, D. E. Native and solubilized decellularized extracellular matrix: a critical assessment of their potential for improving the expansion of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater. 55, 1\u201312 (2017).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"9638_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Schreiber, R. E. et al. Repair of osteochondral defects with allogeneic tissue engineered cartilage implants. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. S382\u2013S395 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003086-199910001-00037 (1999).","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199910001-00037"},{"key":"9638_CR32","unstructured":"Kawabe, N. & Yoshinao, M. The repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects. Immune responses to reparative tissue formed by allogeneic growth plate chondrocyte implants. Clin. Orthop. Relat. Res. 268, 279\u2013293 (1991)."},{"key":"9638_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.11.003","volume":"20","author":"SF Badylak","year":"2008","unstructured":"Badylak, S. F. & Gilbert, T. W. Immune response to biologic scaffold materials. Semin. Immunol. 20, 109\u2013116 (2008).","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"9638_CR34","first-page":"180","volume":"4","author":"R Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, R. et al. A comparative study of human and porcine-derived decellularised nerve matrices. Biomater. Transl. 4, 180\u2013195 (2023).","journal-title":"Biomater. Transl."},{"key":"9638_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2013.12.012","volume":"32","author":"CW Cheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cheng, C. W., Solorio, L. D. & Alsberg, E. Decellularized tissue and cell-derived extracellular matrices as scaffolds for orthopaedic tissue engineering. Biotechnol. Adv. 32, 462\u2013484 (2014).","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"9638_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10110","volume":"4","author":"YS Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim, Y. S., Majid, M., Melchiorri, A. J. & Mikos, A. G. Applications of decellularized extracellular matrix in bone and cartilage tissue engineering. Bioeng. Transl. Med. 4, 83\u201395 (2019).","journal-title":"Bioeng. Transl. Med."},{"key":"9638_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1007\/s11684-021-0900-3","volume":"16","author":"C Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu, C., Pei, M., Li, Q. & Zhang, Y. Decellularized extracellular matrix mediates tissue construction and regeneration. Front. Med. 16, 56\u201382 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"9638_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/7651_2017_27","volume":"1577","author":"J Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, J. & Pei, M. A protocol to prepare decellularized stem cell matrix for rejuvenation of cell expansion and cartilage regeneration. Methods Mol. Biol. 1577, 147\u2013154 (2018).","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"9638_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.34150","volume":"100","author":"H Lu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lu, H., Hoshiba, T., Kawazoe, N. & Chen, G. Comparison of decellularization techniques for preparation of extracellular matrix scaffolds derived from three-dimensional cell culture. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 100, 2507\u20132516 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A"},{"key":"9638_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201400165","volume":"4","author":"AJ Sutherland","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sutherland, A. J., Converse, G. L., Hopkins, R. A. & Detamore, M. S. The bioactivity of cartilage extracellular matrix in articular cartilage regeneration. Adv. Health. Mater. 4, 29\u201339 (2015).","journal-title":"Adv. Health. Mater."},{"key":"9638_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.02.014","volume":"27","author":"TW Gilbert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gilbert, T. W., Sellaro, T. L. & Badylak, S. F. Decellularization of tissues and organs. Biomaterials 27, 3675\u20133683 (2006).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"9638_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rb\/rbab071","volume":"9","author":"MA Koo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Koo, M. A. et al. Preconditioning process for dermal tissue decellularization using electroporation with sonication. Regen. Biomater. 9, rbab071 (2022).","journal-title":"Regen. Biomater."},{"key":"9638_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.04.048","volume":"74","author":"Y Sun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sun, Y., Yan, L., Chen, S. & Pei, M. Functionality of decellularized matrix in cartilage regeneration: a comparison of tissue versus cell sources. Acta Biomater. 74, 56\u201373 (2018).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"9638_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.01.057","volume":"32","author":"PM Crapo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Crapo, P. M., Gilbert, T. W. & Badylak, S. F. An overview of tissue and whole organ decellularization processes. Biomaterials 32, 3233\u20133243 (2011).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"9638_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6647","DOI":"10.1039\/D0BM00980F","volume":"8","author":"Y Feng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feng, Y. et al. Stem-cell-derived ECM sheet-implant complexes for enhancing osseointegration. Biomater. Sci. 8, 6647\u20136656 (2020).","journal-title":"Biomater. Sci."},{"key":"9638_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13040495","volume":"13","author":"P Gangadaran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gangadaran, P. et al. Identification of angiogenic cargo in extracellular vesicles secreted from human adipose tissue-derived stem cells and induction of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Pharmaceutics 13, 495 (2021).","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"9638_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202001847","volume":"10","author":"C Antich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Antich, C. et al. Development of a biomimetic hydrogel based on predifferentiated mesenchymal stem-cell-derived ECM for cartilage tissue engineering. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 10, e2001847 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"9638_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.187061","volume":"11","author":"B Xiao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xiao, B. et al. Extracellular matrix from human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a scaffold for peripheral nerve regeneration. Neural Regen. Res. 11, 1172\u20131179 (2016).","journal-title":"Neural Regen. Res."},{"key":"9638_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2012.0495","volume":"22","author":"M Pei","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pei, M., Zhang, Y., Li, J. & Chen, D. Antioxidation of decellularized stem cell matrix promotes human synovium-derived stem cell-based chondrogenesis. Stem Cells Dev. 22, 889\u2013900 (2013).","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"9638_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2011.0158","volume":"17","author":"M Pei","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pei, M., He, F. & Kish, V. L. Expansion on extracellular matrix deposited by human bone marrow stromal cells facilitates stem cell proliferation and tissue-specific lineage potential. Tissue Eng. Part A 17, 3067\u20133076 (2011).","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"9638_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2010.0339","volume":"17","author":"J Li","year":"2011","unstructured":"Li, J. & Pei, M. Optimization of an in vitro three-dimensional microenvironment to reprogram synovium-derived stem cells for cartilage tissue engineering. Tissue Eng. Part A 17, 703\u2013712 (2011).","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"9638_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2012.0351","volume":"19","author":"M Pei","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pei, M. et al. Repair of large animal partial-thickness cartilage defects through intraarticular injection of matrix-rejuvenated synovium-derived stem cells. Tissue Eng. Part A 19, 1144\u20131154 (2013).","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"9638_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2422","volume":"12","author":"L Zhou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhou, L. et al. SIRT1-dependent anti-senescence effects of cell-deposited matrix on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 12, e1008\u2013e1021 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"9638_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/term.505","volume":"7","author":"F He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He, F. & Pei, M. Extracellular matrix enhances differentiation of adipose stem cells from infrapatellar fat pad toward chondrogenesis. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 7, 73\u201384 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"9638_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31821fcc64","volume":"37","author":"F He","year":"2012","unstructured":"He, F. & Pei, M. Rejuvenation of nucleus pulposus cells using extracellular matrix deposited by synovium-derived stem cells. Spine 37, 459\u2013469 (2012).","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"9638_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2013.09.099","volume":"35","author":"J Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Rejuvenation of chondrogenic potential in a young stem cell microenvironment. Biomaterials 35, 642\u2013653 (2014).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"9638_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.01.081","volume":"35","author":"CP Ng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ng, C. P. et al. Enhanced ex vivo expansion of adult mesenchymal stem cells by fetal mesenchymal stem cell ECM. Biomaterials 35, 4046\u20134057 (2014).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"9638_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00483-8","volume":"3","author":"CD Wiley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wiley, C. D. & Campisi, J. The metabolic roots of senescence: mechanisms and opportunities for intervention. Nat. Metab. 3, 1290\u20131301 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"9638_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5457.1427","volume":"287","author":"FM Watt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Watt, F. M. & Hogan, B. L. Out of Eden: stem cells and their niches. Science 287, 1427\u20131430 (2000).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9638_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176009","volume":"326","author":"RO Hynes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hynes, R. O. The extracellular matrix: not just pretty fibrils. Science 326, 1216\u20131219 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9638_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, X. et al. Youthful stem cell microenvironments: rejuvenating aged bone repair through mitochondrial homeostasis remodeling. Adv. Sci. 12, e2409644 (2025). The study found that mECM derived from young stem cells can reverse age-related bone repair deficits by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, providing a new approach for geriatric bone regeneration.","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202409644"},{"key":"9638_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.22950","volume":"227","author":"M Pei","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pei, M. & He, F. Extracellular matrix deposited by synovium-derived stem cells delays replicative senescent chondrocyte dedifferentiation and enhances redifferentiation. J. Cell Physiol. 227, 2163\u20132174 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"9638_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2012.0523","volume":"19","author":"C Linsley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Linsley, C., Wu, B. & Tawil, B. The effect of fibrinogen, collagen type I, and fibronectin on mesenchymal stem cell growth and differentiation into osteoblasts. Tissue Eng. Part A 19, 1416\u20131423 (2013).","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"9638_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.03.003","volume":"71","author":"M Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, M. et al. Inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by stem cell-derived extracellular matrix through modulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Acta Biomater. 71, 118\u2013131 (2018).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"9638_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2015.04.001","volume":"20","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Li, J., Davis, M. E. & Pei, M. Delineation of in vitro chondrogenesis of human synovial stem cells following preconditioning using decellularized matrix. Acta Biomater. 20, 39\u201350 (2015).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"9638_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2015.12.090","volume":"61","author":"X Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu, X. et al. Culturing on decellularized extracellular matrix enhances antioxidant properties of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. Mater. Biol. Appl. 61, 437\u2013448 (2016).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C. Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"9638_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chiang, C. E. et al. Bioactive decellularized extracellular matrix derived from 3D stem cell spheroids under macromolecular crowding serves as a scaffold for tissue engineering. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 10, e2100024 (2021). Using MSC spheroids cultured under macromolecular crowding, the study prepared 3D mECM scaffolds rich in growth factors, exhibiting excellent angiogenic potential.","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202100024"},{"key":"9638_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-14-0430","volume":"223","author":"F He","year":"2014","unstructured":"He, F. et al. Extracellular matrix modulates the biological effects of melatonin in mesenchymal stem cells. J. Endocrinol. 223, 167\u2013180 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"9638_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2009.0583","volume":"16","author":"RA Thibault","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thibault, R. A., Scott Baggett, L., Mikos, A. G. & Kasper, F. K. Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on pregenerated extracellular matrix scaffolds in the absence of osteogenic cell culture supplements. Tissue Eng. Part A 16, 431\u2013440 (2010).","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"9638_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1089\/scd.2009.0217","volume":"19","author":"Y Lai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lai, Y. et al. Reconstitution of marrow-derived extracellular matrix ex vivo: a robust culture system for expanding large-scale highly functional human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev. 19, 1095\u20131107 (2010).","journal-title":"Stem Cells Dev."},{"key":"9638_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3524","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.6b01005","volume":"17","author":"JN Harvestine","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harvestine, J. N. et al. Extracellular matrix-coated composite scaffolds promote mesenchymal stem cell persistence and osteogenesis. Biomacromolecules 17, 3524\u20133531 (2016).","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"9638_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.10.003","volume":"74","author":"AI Hoch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hoch, A. I. et al. Cell-secreted matrices perpetuate the bone-forming phenotype of differentiated mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 74, 178\u2013187 (2016).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"9638_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.03.082","volume":"33","author":"N Sadr","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sadr, N. et al. Enhancing the biological performance of synthetic polymeric materials by decoration with engineered, decellularized extracellular matrix. Biomaterials 33, 5085\u20135093 (2012).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"9638_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.09.003","volume":"116","author":"N Larochette","year":"2020","unstructured":"Larochette, N. et al. Osteogenic-differentiated mesenchymal stem cell-secreted extracellular matrix as a bone morphogenetic protein-2 delivery system for ectopic bone formation. Acta Biomater. 116, 186\u2013200 (2020).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"9638_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.22203\/eCM.v036a06","volume":"36","author":"T Onishi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Onishi, T. et al. Osteogenic extracellular matrix sheet for bone tissue regeneration. Eur. Cell Mater. 36, 68\u201380 (2018).","journal-title":"Eur. Cell Mater."},{"key":"9638_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1222454","volume":"338","author":"DJ Huey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Huey, D. J., Hu, J. C. & Athanasiou, K. A. Unlike bone, cartilage regeneration remains elusive. Science 338, 917\u2013921 (2012).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9638_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.7b00019","volume":"3","author":"HV Almeida","year":"2017","unstructured":"Almeida, H. V. et al. Porous scaffolds derived from devitalized tissue engineered cartilaginous matrix support chondrogenesis of adult stem cells. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 3, 1075\u20131082 (2017).","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"9638_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.12.043","volume":"69","author":"Y Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang, Y. et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix enhances chondrogenic phenotype of and cartilage formation by encapsulated chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Acta Biomater. 69, 71\u201382 (2018).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"9638_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"025003","DOI":"10.1088\/1758-5082\/5\/2\/025003","volume":"5","author":"S Thakkar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thakkar, S. et al. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular matrix influences gene expression of chondrocytes. Biofabrication 5, 025003 (2013).","journal-title":"Biofabrication"},{"key":"9638_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.02.033","volume":"52","author":"R Cai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cai, R., Nakamoto, T., Kawazoe, N. & Chen, G. Influence of stepwise chondrogenesis-mimicking 3D extracellular matrix on chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Biomaterials 52, 199\u2013207 (2015).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"9638_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.09.021","volume":"136","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Stem cells immortalized by hTERT perform differently from those immortalized by SV40LT in proliferation, differentiation, and reconstruction of matrix microenvironment. Acta Biomater. 136, 184\u2013198 (2021).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"9638_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E179","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12130","volume":"37","author":"C Tang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tang, C. et al. Feasibility of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering. Artif. Organs 37, E179\u2013E190 (2013).","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"9638_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2455","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2013.0464","volume":"20","author":"C Tang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tang, C. et al. An autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix scaffold applied with bone marrow stimulation for cartilage repair. Tissue Eng. Part A 20, 2455\u20132462 (2014).","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"9638_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7342","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.916481","volume":"25","author":"C Tang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tang, C. et al. Evaluation of an autologous bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix scaffold in a rabbit and minipig model of cartilage repair. Med. Sci. Monit. 25, 7342\u20137350 (2019).","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"9638_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB02616F","volume":"9","author":"J Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, J. et al. Cell-free scaffolds functionalized with bionic cartilage acellular matrix microspheres to enhance the microfracture treatment of articular cartilage defects. J. Mater. Chem. B 9, 1686\u20131697 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"9638_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2023.108357","volume":"243","author":"Y Yoshimoto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yoshimoto, Y. & Oishi, Y. Mechanisms of skeletal muscle-tendon development and regeneration\/healing as potential therapeutic targets. Pharmcol. Ther. 243, 108357 (2023).","journal-title":"Pharmcol. Ther."},{"key":"9638_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2019.12.007","volume":"103","author":"W Jia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jia, W. et al. Glass-activated regeneration of volumetric muscle loss. Acta Biomater. 103, 306\u2013317 (2020).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"9638_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101528","volume":"73","author":"X Hong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hong, X. et al. Stem cell aging in the skeletal muscle: the importance of communication. Ageing Res. Rev. 73, 101528 (2022).","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"9638_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05535-x","volume":"613","author":"V Moiseeva","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moiseeva, V. et al. Senescence atlas reveals an aged-like inflamed niche that blunts muscle regeneration. Nature 613, 169\u2013178 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9638_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00421-2","volume":"23","author":"P Sousa-Victor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sousa-Victor, P., Garcia-Prat, L. & Munoz-Canoves, P. Control of satellite cell function in muscle regeneration and its disruption in ageing. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 23, 204\u2013226 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"9638_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202304196","volume":"13","author":"W Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo, W. et al. Biomaterials-based technologies in skeletal muscle tissue engineering. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 13, e2304196 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"9638_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.119584","volume":"229","author":"R Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong, R., Ma, P. X. & Guo, B. Conductive biomaterials for muscle tissue engineering. Biomaterials 229, 119584 (2020).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"9638_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabg4123","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg4123","volume":"7","author":"MM Smoak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smoak, M. M., Hogan, K. J., Grande-Allen, K. J. & Mikos, A. G. Bioinspired electrospun dECM scaffolds guide cell growth and control the formation of myotubes. Sci. Adv. 7, eabg4123 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"9638_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20100526-24","volume":"33","author":"VJ Mase Jr.","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mase, V. J. Jr. et al. Clinical application of an acellular biologic scaffold for surgical repair of a large, traumatic quadriceps femoris muscle defect. Orthopedics 33, 511 (2010).","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"9638_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2019.03.036","volume":"206","author":"YJ Choi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choi, Y. J. et al. A 3D cell printed muscle construct with tissue-derived bioink for the treatment of volumetric muscle loss. Biomaterials 206, 160\u2013169 (2019).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"9638_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tea.2022.0227","volume":"30","author":"C Reed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reed, C. et al. Cell-derived extracellular matrix fiber scaffolds improve recovery from volumetric muscle loss. Tissue Eng. Part A 30, 181\u2013191 (2024).","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Part A"},{"key":"9638_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10040453","volume":"10","author":"CL Jones","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jones, C. L., Penney, B. T. & Theodossiou, S. K. Engineering cell-ECM-material interactions for musculoskeletal regeneration. Bioengineering 10, 453 (2023).","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"9638_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.09.049","volume":"117","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Use of bioactive extracellular matrix fragments as a urethral bulking agent to treat stress urinary incontinence. Acta Biomater. 117, 156\u2013166 (2020).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"9638_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabe4501","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe4501","volume":"7","author":"JS Silver","year":"2021","unstructured":"Silver, J. S. et al. Injury-mediated stiffening persistently activates muscle stem cells through YAP and TAZ mechanotransduction. Sci. Adv. 7, eabe4501 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"9638_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.044","volume":"126","author":"AJ Engler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Engler, A. J., Sen, S., Sweeney, H. L. & Discher, D. E. Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification. Cell 126, 677\u2013689 (2006).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9638_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071811-150122","volume":"14","author":"PB Voleti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Voleti, P. B., Buckley, M. R. & Soslowsky, L. J. Tendon healing: repair and regeneration. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 14, 47\u201371 (2012).","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"9638_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00234-1","volume":"7","author":"NL Millar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Millar, N. L. et al. Tendinopathy. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 7, 1 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"9638_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202202542","volume":"9","author":"S Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, S. et al. Energy-supporting enzyme-mimic nanoscaffold facilitates tendon regeneration based on a mitochondrial protection and microenvironment remodeling strategy. Adv. Sci. 9, e2202542 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"9638_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1007\/s13770-019-00196-w","volume":"16","author":"WL Lim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lim, W. L., Liau, L. L., Ng, M. H., Chowdhury, S. R. & Law, J. X. Current progress in tendon and ligament tissue engineering. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 16, 549\u2013571 (2019).","journal-title":"Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"9638_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-019-0556-1","volume":"18","author":"M Silva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silva, M., Ferreira, F. N., Alves, N. M. & Paiva, M. C. Biodegradable polymer nanocomposites for ligament\/tendon tissue engineering. J. Nanobiotechnol. 18, 23 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Nanobiotechnol."},{"key":"9638_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2309499020939737","volume":"28","author":"JA Lombardi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lombardi, J. A. et al. Porcine bone-patellar tendon-bone xenograft in a caprine model of anterior cruciate ligament repair. J. Orthop. Surg. 28, 2309499020939737 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg."},{"key":"9638_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3531","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518825340","volume":"47","author":"D Mouarbes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mouarbes, D. et al. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes for quadriceps tendon autograft versus bone-patellar tendon-bone and hamstring-tendon autografts. Am. J. Sports Med. 47, 3531\u20133540 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"9638_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202302660","volume":"13","author":"H Jin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jin, H. et al. Decellularization-based modification strategy for bioactive xenografts promoting tendon repair. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 13, e2302660 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"9638_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2021.12.020","volume":"38","author":"K Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, K., Beshay, T., Murphy, B., Sheean, A. & de Sa, D. Quadriceps tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a systematic review of postoperative rehabilitation and complication profiles. Arthroscopy 38, 2062\u20132072 (2022).","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"9638_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000226232.79106.72","volume":"82","author":"HW Ouyang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ouyang, H. W. et al. Mesenchymal stem cell sheets revitalize nonviable dense grafts: implications for repair of large-bone and tendon defects. Transplantation 82, 170\u2013174 (2006).","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"9638_CR111","first-page":"2491","volume":"6","author":"T Lei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lei, T. et al. Biomimetic strategies for tendon\/ligament-to-bone interface regeneration. Bioact. Mater. 6, 2491\u20132510 (2021).","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"9638_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2021.112203","volume":"127","author":"MS Massaro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Massaro, M. S. et al. Decellularized xenogeneic scaffolds in transplantation and tissue engineering: immunogenicity versus positive cell stimulation. Mater. Sci. Eng. C. Mater. Biol. Appl. 127, 112203 (2021).","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C. Mater. Biol. Appl."},{"key":"9638_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.06.026","volume":"131","author":"F Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao, F. et al. Comparison of three different acidic solutions in tendon decellularized extracellular matrix bio-ink fabrication for 3D cell printing. Acta Biomater. 131, 262\u2013275 (2021).","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"key":"9638_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127891","volume":"254","author":"S Anjum","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anjum, S., Li, T., Saeed, M. & Ao, Q. Exploring polysaccharide and protein-enriched decellularized matrix scaffolds for tendon and ligament repair: a review. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 254, 127891 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"9638_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/75503","volume":"27","author":"D Jiang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jiang, D., Xu, B. & Gao, P. Effects of young extracellular matrix on the biological characteristics of aged tendon stem cells. Adv. Clin. Exp. Med. 27, 1625\u20131630 (2018).","journal-title":"Adv. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"9638_CR116","first-page":"1","volume":"47","author":"X Dong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dong, X. et al. Dermal fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) synergizes with keratinocytes in promoting re-epithelization and scarless healing of skin wounds: towards optimized skin tissue engineering. Bioact. Mater. 47, 1\u201317 (2025).","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"9638_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-022-00899-6","volume":"54","author":"Q Qin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qin, Q. et al. Neurovascular coupling in bone regeneration. Exp. Mol. Med. 54, 1844\u20131849 (2022).","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"9638_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2103005","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202103005","volume":"9","author":"J Mi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mi, J. et al. Implantable electrical stimulation at dorsal root ganglions accelerates osteoporotic fracture healing via calcitonin gene-related peptide. Adv. Sci. 9, e2103005 (2022).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"9638_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.02.020","volume":"86","author":"F Loi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Loi, F. et al. Inflammation, fracture and bone repair. Bone 86, 119\u2013130 (2016).","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"9638_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2301959","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202301959","volume":"12","author":"D Barik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Barik, D., Shyamal, S., Das, K., Jena, S. & Dash, M. Glycoprotein injectable hydrogels promote accelerated bone regeneration through angiogenesis and innervation. Adv. Health. Mater. 12, e2301959 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Health. Mater."},{"key":"9638_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5137","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI128428","volume":"129","author":"Z Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, Z. et al. Fracture repair requires TrkA signaling by skeletal sensory nerves. J. Clin. Investig. 129, 5137\u20135150 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"9638_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1002\/med.22031","volume":"44","author":"J Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, J. et al. Emerging roles of nerve-bone axis in modulating skeletal system. Med. Res. Rev. 44, 1867\u20131903 (2024).","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"key":"9638_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S. et al. BMSC-derived extracellular matrix better optimizes the microenvironment to support nerve regeneration. Biomaterials 280, 121251 (2022). The study showed that BMSC derived mECM optimizes the microenvironment for nerve regeneration, significantly promoting axonal growth and myelination in peripheral nerves.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121251"},{"key":"9638_CR124","first-page":"370","volume":"26","author":"Y Guan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guan, Y. et al. Dual-bionic regenerative microenvironment for peripheral nerve repair. Bioact. Mater. 26, 370\u2013386 (2023).","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"9638_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13145","volume":"507","author":"AP Kusumbe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kusumbe, A. P., Ramasamy, S. K. & Adams, R. H. Coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis by a specific vessel subtype in bone. Nature 507, 323\u2013328 (2014).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9638_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00682-3","volume":"17","author":"J Tuckermann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tuckermann, J. & Adams, R. H. The endothelium-bone axis in development, homeostasis and bone and joint disease. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 17, 608\u2013620 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Rheumatol."},{"key":"9638_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.2c01110","volume":"9","author":"ZL Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, Z. L. et al. Bioactive ECM-loaded SIS generated by the optimized decellularization process exhibits skin wound healing ability in type I diabetic rats. ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng. 9, 1496\u20131509 (2023).","journal-title":"ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"9638_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adi6488","volume":"9","author":"LM Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, L. M. et al. Promotion of uterine reconstruction by a tissue-engineered uterus with biomimetic structure and extracellular matrix microenvironment. Sci. Adv. 9, eadi6488 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"9638_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.03.083","volume":"35","author":"BH Choi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Choi, B. H. et al. Inhibition of blood vessel formation by a chondrocyte-derived extracellular matrix. Biomaterials 35, 5711\u20135720 (2014).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"9638_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-022-03009-5","volume":"13","author":"B Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma, B., Wang, T., Li, J. & Wang, Q. Extracellular matrix derived from Wharton\u2019s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells promotes angiogenesis via integrin alphaVbeta3\/c-Myc\/P300\/VEGF. Stem Cell Res. Ther. 13, 327 (2022).","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. Ther."},{"key":"9638_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2907","volume":"13","author":"MS Carvalho","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carvalho, M. S., Silva, J. C., Cabral, J. M. S., da Silva, C. L. & Vashishth, D. Cultured cell-derived extracellular matrices to enhance the osteogenic differentiation and angiogenic properties of human mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 13, 1544\u20131558 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"9638_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"022003","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-6041\/11\/2\/022003","volume":"11","author":"M Parmaksiz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Parmaksiz, M., Dogan, A., Odabas, S., Elcin, A. E. & Elcin, Y. M. Clinical applications of decellularized extracellular matrices for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biomed. Mater. 11, 022003 (2016).","journal-title":"Biomed. Mater."},{"key":"9638_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.01307","volume":"88","author":"KA Derwin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Derwin, K. A., Baker, A. R., Spragg, R. K., Leigh, D. R. & Iannotti, J. P. Commercial extracellular matrix scaffolds for rotator cuff tendon repair. Biomechanical, biochemical, and cellular properties. J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am. 88, 2665\u20132672 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Bone Jt. Surg. Am."},{"key":"9638_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naba, A. Ten years of extracellular matrix proteomics: accomplishments, challenges, and future perspectives. Mol. Cell. Proteom. 22, 100528 (2023). This review summarizes the development of 788 extracellular matrix (ECM) proteomics over the past decade, highlighting that it has become a crucial tool for decoding the tissue microenvironment, identifying disease-specific ECM compositions, and discovering novel cancer biomarkers.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcpro.2023.100528"},{"key":"9638_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0109001","volume":"86","author":"PL Bollyky","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bollyky, P. L. et al. Intact extracellular matrix and the maintenance of immune tolerance: high molecular weight hyaluronan promotes persistence of induced CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 86, 567\u2013572 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"9638_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.03.012","volume":"33","author":"H Lin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin, H., Yang, G., Tan, J. & Tuan, R. S. Influence of decellularized matrix derived from human mesenchymal stem cells on their proliferation, migration and multi-lineage differentiation potential. Biomaterials 33, 4480\u20134489 (2012).","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"9638_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9744","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TB01885F","volume":"8","author":"C Savitri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Savitri, C., Ha, S. S., Liao, E., Du, P. & Park, K. Extracellular matrices derived from different cell sources and their effect on macrophage behavior and wound healing. J. Mater. Chem. B 8, 9744\u20139755 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"9638_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1002\/term.2123","volume":"11","author":"Y Gu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gu, Y. et al. Application of marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular matrix in peripheral nerve tissue engineering. J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 11, 2250\u20132260 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med."},{"key":"9638_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2022.06.004","volume":"111","author":"M Marinkovic","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marinkovic, M. et al. Matrix-bound Cyr61\/CCN1 is required to retain the properties of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell niche but is depleted with aging. Matrix Biol. 111, 108\u2013132 (2022).","journal-title":"Matrix Biol."},{"key":"9638_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2419","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25042419","volume":"25","author":"R Ushakov","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ushakov, R., Ratushnyy, A., Buravkova, L., Tolkunova, E. & Burova, E. The decellularized cell-derived extracellular matrix enhances the paracrine function of human mesenchymal stromal\/stem cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25, 2419 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"9638_CR141","first-page":"4110","volume":"6","author":"G Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu, G. et al. Bone physiological microenvironment and healing mechanism: basis for future bone-tissue engineering scaffolds. Bioact. Mater. 6, 4110\u20134140 (2021).","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"9638_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-021-00523-y","volume":"22","author":"E Scott-Solomon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scott-Solomon, E., Boehm, E. & Kuruvilla, R. The sympathetic nervous system in development and disease. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 22, 685\u2013702 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."}],"container-title":["Communications Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09638-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09638-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09638-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T20:02:44Z","timestamp":1769889764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09638-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"references-count":142,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9638"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-026-09638-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3642"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3642","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"147"}}