{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T20:02:56Z","timestamp":1774987376770,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010447","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Herz-Kreislaufforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81X3200313"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81X3200313"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Disruption of the circadian clock as well as reduced NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    levels are both hallmarks of aging. While circadian rhythms and NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    metabolism have been linked in heart disease, their relationship during cardiac aging is less clear. Here, we show that aging leads to disruption of diurnal gene expression in the heart. Long-term supplementation with the NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR) boosts NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    levels, reprograms the diurnal transcriptome, and reverses naturally occurring cardiac enlargement in aged female mice. In addition, drastic reduction of NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    levels in cardiomyocytes impairs PER2::luc oscillations, which is rescued by NR supplementation. Finally, we demonstrate that changes to the cardiac transcriptome due to NR treatment partially depend on the activity of SIRT1. These findings reveal an essential role for NAD\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    in regulation of the cardiac circadian clock upon aging, which opens up new avenues to counteract age-related cardiac disorders.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-026-09818-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T11:32:23Z","timestamp":1773228743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["NAD+ controls circadian rhythmicity during cardiac aging"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9251-9501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryce J.","family":"Carpenter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2426-1534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaux","family":"Lecacheur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0276-5904","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yannick N.","family":"Mangold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5594-4549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"G\u00fcnther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marit W.","family":"Vermunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1709-1477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pieterjan","family":"Dierickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"9818_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2021.05.034","volume":"126","author":"REA Sanchez","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sanchez, R. E. A., Kalume, F. & Iglesia, H. O. de la. Sleep timing and the circadian clock in mammals: past, present and the road ahead. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. 126, 3\u201314 (2022).","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"9818_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16219","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1408886111","volume":"111","author":"R Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Lahens, N. F., Ballance, H. I., Hughes, M. E. & Hogenesch, J. B. A circadian gene expression atlas in mammals: implications for biology and medicine. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 16219\u201316224 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"9818_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aah4965","volume":"354","author":"J Bass","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bass, J. & Lazar, M. A. Circadian time signatures of fitness and disease. Science 354, 994\u2013999 (2016).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9818_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-021-00001-9","volume":"1","author":"P Dierickx","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dierickx, P. et al. Circadian REV-ERBs repress E4bp4 to activate NAMPT-dependent NAD+ biosynthesis and sustain cardiac function. Nat. Cardiovasc. Res. 1, 45\u201358 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"9818_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s44325-024-00024-8","volume":"1","author":"M Lecacheur","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lecacheur, M., Ammerlaan, D. J. M. & Dierickx, P. Circadian rhythms in cardiovascular (dys)function: approaches for future therapeutics. npj Cardiovasc. Heal. 1, 21 (2024).","journal-title":"npj Cardiovasc. Heal."},{"key":"9818_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.4179","volume":"16","author":"D-F Dai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dai, D.-F., Chen, T., Johnson, S. C., Szeto, H. & Rabinovitch, P. S. Cardiac aging: from molecular mechanisms to significance in human health and disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 16, 1492\u20131526 (2012).","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"9818_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7415","volume":"30","author":"JM Berthiaume","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berthiaume, J. M., Kurdys, J. G., Muntean, D. M. & Rosca, M. G. Mitochondrial NAD+\/NADH redox state and diabetic cardiomyopathy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 30, 375\u2013398 (2019).","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"9818_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.07.035","volume":"170","author":"G Solanas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Solanas, G. et al. Aged stem cells reprogram their daily rhythmic functions to adapt to stress. Cell 170, 678\u2013692.e20 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9818_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.07.042","volume":"170","author":"S Sato","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sato, S. et al. Circadian reprogramming in the liver identifies metabolic pathways of aging. Cell 170, 664\u2013677.e11 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9818_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111982","volume":"42","author":"CA Wolff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wolff, C. A. et al. Defining the age-dependent and tissue-specific circadian transcriptome in male mice. Cell Rep. 42, 111982 (2023).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"9818_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201745130","volume":"19","author":"P Dierickx","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dierickx, P., Van Laake, L. W. & Geijsen, N. Circadian clocks: from stem cells to tissue homeostasis and regeneration. EMBO Rep. 19, 18\u201328 (2017).","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"9818_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1168","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00239.2022","volume":"323","author":"BJ Carpenter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carpenter, B. J. & Dierickx, P. Circadian cardiac NAD+ metabolism, from transcriptional regulation to healthy aging. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Ph 323, C1168\u2013C1176 (2022).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Ph"},{"key":"9818_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1432206","volume":"20","author":"RV Kondratov","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kondratov, R. V., Kondratova, A. A., Gorbacheva, V. Y., Vykhovanets, O. V. & Antoch, M. P. Early aging and age-related pathologies in mice deficient in BMAL1, the core componentof the circadian clock. Genes Dev. 20, 1868\u20131873 (2006).","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"9818_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2025.09.001","volume":"208","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang, Y. & Dierickx, P. Circadian transcriptional repressors REV-ERB\u03b1\/\u03b2 and E4BP4 regulate cardiac function. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 208, 23\u201331 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"9818_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmmed.2022.887733","volume":"2","author":"P Dierickx","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dierickx, P. et al. Nicotinamide riboside improves cardiac function and prolongs survival after disruption of the cardiomyocyte clock. Front. Mol. Med. 2, 887733 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Med."},{"key":"9818_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056076","volume":"145","author":"S Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song, S. et al. Myocardial Rev-erb-mediated diurnal metabolic rhythm and obesity paradox. Circulation 145, 448\u2013464 (2022).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9818_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00313-x","volume":"22","author":"AJ Covarrubias","year":"2021","unstructured":"Covarrubias, A. J., Perrone, R., Grozio, A. & Verdin, E. NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 22, 119\u2013141 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"9818_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041664","volume":"141","author":"L Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, L., Li, H., Tien, C.-L., Jain, M. K. & Zhang, L. Kruppel-like factor 15 regulates the circadian susceptibility to ischemia reperfusion injury in the heart. Circulation 141, 1427\u20131429 (2020).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9818_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bhasin, S., Seals, D., Migaud, M., Musi, N. & Baur, J. A. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in aging biology: potential applications and many unknowns. Endocr. Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnad019 (2023).","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad019"},{"key":"9818_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1170803","volume":"324","author":"Y Nakahata","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nakahata, Y., Sahar, S., Astarita, G., Kaluzova, M. & Sassone-Corsi, P. Circadian control of the NAD+ salvage pathway by CLOCK-SIRT1. Science 324, 654\u2013657 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9818_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.06.050","volume":"134","author":"G Asher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Asher, G. et al. SIRT1 regulates circadian clock gene expression through PER2 deacetylation. Cell 134, 317\u2013328 (2008).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9818_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2020.04.010","volume":"78","author":"DC Levine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Levine, D. C. et al. NAD+ controls circadian reprogramming through PER2 nuclear translocation to counter aging. Mol. Cell 78, 835\u2013849.e7 (2020).","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"9818_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1171641","volume":"324","author":"KM Ramsey","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ramsey, K. M. et al. Circadian clock feedback cycle through NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis. Science 324, 651\u2013654 (2009).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9818_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056589","volume":"144","author":"M Abdellatif","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdellatif, M., Sedej, S. & Kroemer, G. NAD+ metabolism in cardiac health, aging, and disease. Circulation 144, 1795\u20131817 (2021).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9818_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tannous, C. et al. NMRK2 gene is upregulated in dilated cardiomyopathy and required for cardiac function and NAD levels during aging. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 3534 (2021).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073534"},{"key":"9818_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22922-6","volume":"12","author":"VA Acosta-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Acosta-Rodr\u00edguez, V. A., Rijo-Ferreira, F., Green, C. B. & Takahashi, J. S. Importance of circadian timing for aging and longevity. Nat. Commun. 12, 1\u201312 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"9818_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.026099","volume":"137","author":"N Diguet","year":"2018","unstructured":"Diguet, N. et al. Nicotinamide riboside preserves cardiac function in a mouse model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Circulation 137, 2256\u20132273 (2018).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9818_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abd7064","volume":"13","author":"M Abdellatif","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdellatif, M. et al. Nicotinamide for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Sci. Transl. Med. 13, eabd7064 (2021).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"9818_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3870","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddy278","volume":"27","author":"N Vignier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vignier, N. et al. Rescue of biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide protects the heart in cardiomyopathy caused by lamin A\/C gene mutation. Hum. Mol. Genet. 27, 3870\u20133880 (2018).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"9818_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tong, D. et al. NAD+ repletion reverses heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circ. Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.120.317046 (2021).","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.120.317046"},{"key":"9818_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5339","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0308709101","volume":"101","author":"S-H Yoo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yoo, S.-H. et al. PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE real-time reporting of circadian dynamics reveals persistent circadian oscillations in mouse peripheral tissues. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 5339\u20135346 (2004).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"9818_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lauritzen, K. H. et al. Instability in NAD+ metabolism leads to impaired cardiac mitochondrial function and communication. elife 10, e59828 (2021).","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.59828"},{"key":"9818_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12948","volume":"7","author":"SAJ Trammell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Trammell, S. A. J. et al. Nicotinamide riboside is uniquely and orally bioavailable in mice and humans. Nat. Commun. 7, 12948 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"9818_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.022495","volume":"134","author":"CF Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee, C. F. et al. Normalization of NAD+ redox balance as a therapy for heart failure. Circulation 134, 883\u2013894 (2016).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"9818_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309202","volume":"119","author":"M Ackers-Johnson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ackers-Johnson, M. et al. A simplified, Langendorff-free method for concomitant isolation of viable cardiac myocytes and nonmyocytes from the adult mouse heart. Circ. Res. 119, 909\u2013920 (2016).","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"9818_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.07.002","volume":"134","author":"Y Nakahata","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nakahata, Y. et al. The NAD+-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 modulates CLOCK-mediated chromatin remodeling and circadian control. Cell 134, 329\u2013340 (2008).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9818_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.6.2979","volume":"95","author":"WC Claycomb","year":"1998","unstructured":"Claycomb, W. C. et al. HL-1 cells: a cardiac muscle cell line that contracts and retains phenotypic characteristics of the adult cardiomyocyte. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 95, 2979\u20132984 (1998).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"9818_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(04)00126-6","volume":"116","author":"MC Motta","year":"2004","unstructured":"Motta, M. C. et al. Mammalian SIRT1 represses forkhead transcription factors. Cell 116, 551\u2013563 (2004).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9818_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021909-135931","volume":"72","author":"SM Ronnebaum","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ronnebaum, S. M. & Patterson, C. The FoxO family in cardiac function and dysfunction. Physiology 72, 81\u201394 (2010).","journal-title":"Physiology"},{"key":"9818_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.167361","volume":"145","author":"RA Mohan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohan, R. A. et al. Embryonic Tbx3+ cardiomyocytes form the mature cardiac conduction system by progressive fate restriction. Development 145, dev167361 (2018).","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"9818_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11659","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.002482","volume":"293","author":"E Cho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cho, E. et al. Cardiac-specific developmental and epigenetic functions of Jarid2 during embryonic development. J. Biol. Chem. 293, 11659\u201311673 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"9818_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20975","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.806422","volume":"292","author":"JL Medrano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Medrano, J. L. & Naya, F. J. The transcription factor MEF2A fine-tunes gene expression in the atrial and ventricular chambers of the adult heart. J. Biol. Chem. 292, 20975\u201320988 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"9818_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852775","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.852775","volume":"9","author":"Y Han","year":"2022","unstructured":"Han, Y. et al. Loss of m6A methyltransferase METTL5 promotes cardiac hypertrophy through epitranscriptomic control of SUZ12 expression. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 9, 852775 (2022).","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"9818_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14940","volume":"9","author":"A Yusifov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yusifov, A. et al. Transcriptomic analysis of cardiac gene expression across the life course in male and female mice. Physiol. Rep. 9, e14940 (2021).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"9818_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2220102120","volume":"120","author":"AL Basse","year":"2023","unstructured":"Basse, A. L. et al. NAMPT-dependent NAD+ biosynthesis controls circadian metabolism in a tissue-specific manner. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 120, e2220102120 (2023).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"9818_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-022-01663-4","volume":"19","author":"M Pachitariu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pachitariu, M. & Stringer, C. Cellpose 2.0: how to train your own model. Nat. Methods 19, 1634\u20131641 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"9818_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0582-9","volume":"16","author":"S Berg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Berg, S. et al. ilastik: interactive machine learning for (bio)image analysis. Nat. Methods 16, 1226\u20131232 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"9818_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu170","volume":"30","author":"AM Bolger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bolger, A. M., Lohse, M. & Usadel, B. Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30, 2114\u20132120 (2014).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"9818_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635","volume":"29","author":"A Dobin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dobin, A. et al. STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner. Bioinformatics 29, 15\u201321 (2013).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"9818_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt656","volume":"30","author":"Y Liao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liao, Y., Smyth, G. K. & Shi, W. featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features. Bioinformatics 30, 923\u2013930 (2014).","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"9818_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","volume":"15","author":"MI Love","year":"2014","unstructured":"Love, M. I., Huber, W. & Anders, S. Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol. 15, 550 (2014).","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"9818_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-128","volume":"14","author":"EY Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen, E. Y. et al. Enrichr: interactive and collaborative HTML5 gene list enrichment analysis tool. BMC Bioinform 14, 128 (2013).","journal-title":"BMC Bioinform"},{"key":"9818_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Molcan, L. Time distributed data analysis by Cosinor. Online application. bioRxiv 805960, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/805960 (2023).","DOI":"10.1101\/805960"}],"container-title":["Communications Biology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09818-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09818-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09818-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T19:20:09Z","timestamp":1774984809000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-026-09818-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-026-09818-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3642"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3642","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 August 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"476"}}