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It also contributes to mucus production, the epithelial barrier integrity and gut microbiota composition. Prokaryotic cells, including\n                    <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    , have developed mechanisms to exploit L-serine to support their growth, virulence, inflammatory and\/or carcinogenic properties. In this review, we summarize current findings on L-serine metabolism in the intestinal mucosal homeostasis, its interactions with microbiota, and its modulation in digestive diseases. 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