{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:26:15Z","timestamp":1793579175173,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793577600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":117,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Biol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Messenger RNA therapeutics offer transient protein expression without altering the cellular genome, making them attractive for regenerative medicine, but efficient and safe delivery to the skin remains a major challenge. Lipid nanoparticles have transformed RNA delivery yet can remain limited in skin by tissue accessibility, formulation constraints and local tissue responses. Here we define Biologically Engineered Vectors (BEVs) as biologically assembled delivery particles generated through genetic or cellular engineering to transport therapeutic nucleic acids, and we develop RNA-BEVs as a platform for topical mRNA delivery. RNA-BEVs efficiently delivered functional mRNA to keratinocytes, induced transient protein expression throughout reconstructed epidermis after topical administration, and improved the histological quality of repair relative to mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles in a diabetic rat wound model. These findings establish RNA-BEVs as a biologically assembled platform for localized transient RNA delivery and skin regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-026-10651-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T04:44:06Z","timestamp":1783485846000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biologically engineered vectors enable topical mRNA delivery for skin regeneration"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Julie","family":"G\u00e9rard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lo\u00efse","family":"Pilet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charbel","family":"Bouez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9049-5489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yogeshvar N.","family":"Kalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal","family":"Clayette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno A.","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7014-5691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Grandchamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"10651_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.114002","volume":"179","author":"O Chabanovska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chabanovska, O., Galow, A.-M., David, R. & Lemcke, H. mRNA\u2013a game changer in regenerative medicine, cell-based therapy and reprogramming strategies. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 179, 114002 (2021).","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10651_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4278","volume":"13","author":"U Sahin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sahin, U., Karik\u00f3, K. & T\u00fcreci, \u00d6 mRNA-based therapeutics\u2014developing a new class of drugs. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 13, 759\u2013780 (2014).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10651_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-012-0946-7","volume":"30","author":"SN Andrews","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andrews, S. N., Jeong, E. & Prausnitz, M. R. Transdermal delivery of molecules is limited by full epidermis, not just stratum corneum. Pharm. Res. 30, 1099\u20131109 (2013).","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10651_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2020.07.012","volume":"39","author":"QU Ain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ain, Q. U., Campos, E. V. R., Huynh, A., Witzigmann, D. & Hedtrich, S. Gene delivery to the skin \u2013 how far have we come? Trends Biotechnol. 39, 474\u2013487 (2021).","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"key":"10651_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.09.017","volume":"219","author":"M Zakrewsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zakrewsky, M., Kumar, S. & Mitragotri, S. Nucleic acid delivery into skin for the treatment of skin disease: proofs-of-concept, potential impact, and remaining challenges. J. Control. Release. 219, 445\u2013456 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Control. Release."},{"key":"10651_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarkar, M. K. et al. Keratinocytes sense and eliminate CRISPR DNA through STING\/IFN-\u03ba activation and APOBEC3G induction. J. Clin. 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N.G. is also an inventor on the granted US patent US10308955B2, Transient expression vectors, preparation and uses thereof (United States), which covers reverse-transcriptase mutations relevant to the RNA-BEV technology described here. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"1436"}}