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Upon characterization of a spindle-shaped virus, Tebenquiche spindle-shaped virus 1 (Tebi-SV1), isolated from\n                    <jats:italic>Halorubrum<\/jats:italic>\n                    strain TLS-6, we detected the presence of a second virus, Tebenquiche pleomorphic virus 1 (Tebi-PV1), that coinfects host cells. Gene sharing network analysis revealed several genomes related to Tebi-SV1 in public databases, most of which also co-occur with pleolipoviruses in their host genomes. Attempts to separate the two viruses were unsuccessful, suggesting a symbiotic relationship between Tebi-SV1 and Tebi-PV1. We discovered that virus abundances may be regulated through a shared operator sequence allowing Tebi-PV1 to keep Tebi-SV1 copy numbers low without excluding Tebi-SV1 from the host genome. Additionally, Tebi-PV1 encodes and expresses a type-4-pilin, that likely plays a role in regulating the interactions between the host and the viruses. Our findings highlight the complexity of virus-virus interactions and that resident viruses are important regulators of virus-host interactions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-026-11061-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T14:57:00Z","timestamp":1790261820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Two coinfecting archaeal viruses provide insights into virus-virus interactions"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9442-1596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Queiss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coraline","family":"Mercier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Alarc\u00f3n-Schumacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2230-7321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grace","family":"D\u2019Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0849-0916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico Agustin","family":"Vignale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith M.","family":"Klatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2339-1409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Liebeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Contreras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Eugenia","family":"Far\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3190-4451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Erdmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"11061_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.03125","volume":"3","author":"S Roux","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roux, S. et al. 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