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We had previously found that resorcinol\u2013formaldehyde (RF) resin powders prepared by the base-catalysed high-temperature hydrothermal method act as semiconductor photocatalysts for H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    generation. Herein, we report that RF resins prepared by the acid-catalysed high-temperature hydrothermal method (~523\u2009K) using common acids at pH &lt; 4 exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity. The base- and acid-catalysed methods both produce methylene- and methine-bridged resins consisting of \u03c0-conjugated and \u03c0-stacked benzenoid\u2013quinoid donor\u2013acceptor resorcinol units. The acidic conditions result in the resins with a lower bandgap (1.7\u2009eV) and higher conductivity because the lower-degree of crosslinking creates a strongly \u03c0-stacked architecture. The irradiation of the RF-acid resins with simulated sunlight in water with atmospheric-pressure O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    generates H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    at a solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of 0.7%, which is the highest efficiency ever reported for powder catalysts used in artificial photosynthesis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004-020-00421-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T06:02:55Z","timestamp":1605247375000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":125,"title":["Solar-to-hydrogen peroxide energy conversion on resorcinol\u2013formaldehyde resin photocatalysts prepared by acid-catalysed polycondensation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1812-0644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takumi","family":"Hagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5157-3317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Ichikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4747-4919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takayuki","family":"Hirai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"421_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-019-0242-6","volume":"2","author":"T Hisatomi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hisatomi, T. & Domen, K. 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