{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:50:22Z","timestamp":1792795822649,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593734400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant-in-Aid Fellows 17J09059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant-in-Aid Fellows 17J09059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H06156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H06156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A) 17H05049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (A) 17H05049"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H06156"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S) 17H06156"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009023","name":"MEXT | JST | Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJPR19T6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPR19T6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006699","name":"High Energy Accelerator Research Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018G601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018G601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006699","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Chem"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microwave irradiation can cause high local temperatures at supported metal nanoparticles, which can enhance reaction rates. Here we discuss the temperature of platinum nanoparticles on \u03b3-Al<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>and SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>supports under microwave irradiation using the Debye\u2013Waller factor obtained from in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. Microwave irradiation exhibits considerably smaller Deby\u2013Waller factors than conventional heating, indicating the high local temperature at the nanoparticles. The difference in the average temperatures between the platinum nanoparticles and the bulk under microwaves reaches 26\u2009K and 132\u2009K for Pt\/Al<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>and Pt\/SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, respectively. As a result, Pt\/SiO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>exhibits considerably more reaction acceleration for the catalytic dehydrogenation of 2-propanol under microwave irradiation than Pt\/Al<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>. We also find microwaves enhance the reduction of PtO<jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>nanoparticles by using operando X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The present results indicate that significant local heating of platinum nanoparticles by microwaves is effective for the acceleration of catalytic reactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004-020-0333-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]],"date-time":"2020-07-03T10:02:57Z","timestamp":1593770577000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Probing the temperature of supported platinum nanoparticles under microwave irradiation by in situ and operando XAFS"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Taishi","family":"Ano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9656-4470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuntaro","family":"Tsubaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anyue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Matsuhisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4293-2175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0066-5139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Motokura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4084-3603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wang-Jae","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"333_CR1","first-page":"24","volume":"94","author":"J-F Tremblay","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tremblay, J.-F. Microwaving by the ton. CEN 94, 24\u201325 (2016).","journal-title":"CEN"},{"key":"333_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1039\/C4GC00037D","volume":"16","author":"H Cho","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cho, H., T\u00f6r\u00f6k, F. & T\u00f6r\u00f6k, B. Energy efficiency of heterogeneous catalytic microwave-assisted organic reactions. Green. Chem. 16, 3623\u20133634 (2014).","journal-title":"Green. Chem."},{"key":"333_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1627\/jpi.61.98","volume":"61","author":"Y Wada","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wada, Y. et al. Physical insight to microwave special effects: nonequilibrium local heating and acceleration of electron transfer. J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst. 61, 98\u2013105 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst."},{"key":"333_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.8b03286","volume":"7","author":"P Priecel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Priecel, P. & Lopez-Sanchez, J. A. Advantages and limitations of microwave reactors: from chemical synthesis to the catalytic valorization of biobased chemicals. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 7, 3\u201321 (2019).","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"333_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1002\/ceat.200900207","volume":"32","author":"T Durka","year":"2009","unstructured":"Durka, T., van Gerven, T. & Stankiewicz, A. Microwaves in heterogeneous gas-phase catalysis: experimental and numerical approaches. Chem. Eng. Technol. 32, 1301\u20131312 (2009).","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"333_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26871","DOI":"10.1021\/jp4076965","volume":"117","author":"J Hunt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hunt, J. et al. Microwave-specific enhancement of the carbon-carbon dioxide (Boudouard) reaction. J. Phys. Chem. C. 117, 26871\u201326880 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C."},{"key":"333_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25149","volume":"6","author":"J Zhou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhou, J. et al. A new type of power energy for accelerating chemical reactions: the nature of a microwave-driving force for accelerating chemical reactions. Sci. Rep. 6, 25149 (2016).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"333_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7685","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.7b01413","volume":"56","author":"N Haneishi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haneishi, N. et al. Electromagnetic and heat-transfer simulation of the catalytic dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene under microwave irradiation. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 56, 7685\u20137692 (2017).","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"333_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-35988-y","volume":"9","author":"N Haneishi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haneishi, N. et al. Enhancement of fixed-bed flow reactions under microwave irradiation by local heating at the vicinal contact points of catalyst particles. Sci. Rep. 9, 222 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"333_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1006\/jcat.1997.1824","volume":"171","author":"WL Perry","year":"1997","unstructured":"Perry, W. L., Katz, J. D., Rees, D., Paffet, M. T. & Datye, A. K. Kinetics of the microwave-heated CO oxidation reaction over alumina-supported Pd and Pt catalysts. J. Catal. 171, 431\u2013438 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"333_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1039\/a901245a","volume":"11","author":"X Zhang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Hayward, D. O. & Mingos, D. M. P. Apparent equilibrium shifts and hot-spot formation for catalytic reactions induced by microwave dielectric heating. Chem. Commun. 11, 975\u2013976 (1999).","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"333_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024049403422","volume":"88","author":"X Zhang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Lee, C. S. M., Mingos, D. M. P. & Hayward, D. O. Carbon dioxide reforming of methane with Pt catalysts using microwave dielectric heating. Catal. Lett. 88, 129\u2013139 (2003).","journal-title":"Catal. Lett."},{"key":"333_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2008.04.021","volume":"141","author":"I Sinev","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sinev, I. et al. Interaction of vanadium containing catalysts with microwaves and their activation in oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane. Catal. Today 141, 300\u2013305 (2009).","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"333_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1039\/b610832f","volume":"8","author":"IP Silverwood","year":"2006","unstructured":"Silverwood, I. P., McDougall, G. S. & Whittaker, A. G. A Microwave-heated infrared reaction cell for the in situ study of heterogeneous catalysts. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 8, 5412\u20135416 (2006).","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"333_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcata.2006.12.035","volume":"269","author":"I Silverwood","year":"2007","unstructured":"Silverwood, I., McDougall, G. & Whittaker, G. Comparison of conventional versus microwave heating of the platinum catalyzed oxidation of carbon monoxide over Europt-1 in a novel infrared microreactor cell. J. Mol. Catal. A Chem. 269, 1\u20134 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Mol. Catal. A Chem."},{"key":"333_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2016.07.012","volume":"281","author":"T Ohnishi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ohnishi, T., Kawakami, K., Nishioka, M. & Ogura, M. Direct Decomposition of NO on metal-loaded zeolites with coexistence of oxygen and water vapor under unsteady-state conditions by NO concentration and microwave rapid heating. Catal. Today 281, 566\u2013574 (2017).","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"333_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13034","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.7b01254","volume":"56","author":"LM Kustov","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kustov, L. M., Tarasov, A. L., Tkachenko, O. P. & Kapustin, G. I. Nickel-alumina catalysts in the reaction of carbon dioxide re-forming of methane under thermal and microwave heating. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 56, 13034\u201313039 (2017).","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"333_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10170","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201703489","volume":"56","author":"X Jie","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jie, X. et al. Rapid production of high-purity hydrogen fuel through microwave-promoted deep catalytic dehydrogenation of liquid alkanes with abundant metals. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56, 10170\u201310173 (2017).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"333_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2017.07.043","volume":"219","author":"M Guler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guler, M., Dogu, T. & Varisli, D. Hydrogen production over molybdenum loaded mesoporous carbon catalysts in microwave heated reactor system. Appl. Catal. B Environ. 219, 173\u2013182 (2017).","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"333_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13379","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.7b02091","volume":"56","author":"LS Gangurde","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gangurde, L. S., Sturm, G. S. J., Devadiga, T. J., Stankiewicz, A. I. & Stefanidis, G. D. Complexity and challenges in noncontact high temperature measurements in microwave-assisted catalytic reactors. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 56, 13379\u201313391 (2017).","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"333_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EE02444H","volume":"12","author":"X Jie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jie, X. et al. The decarbonisation of petroleum and other fossil hydrocarbon fuels for the facile production and safe storage of hydrogen. Energy Environ. Sci. 12, 238\u2013249 (2019).","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"333_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaau9000","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau9000","volume":"5","author":"A Ramirez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramirez, A. et al. Escaping undesired gas-phase chemistry: microwave-driven selectivity enhancement in heterogeneous catalytic reactors. Sci. Adv. 5, eaau9000 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv"},{"key":"333_CR23","first-page":"1","volume":"47","author":"WL Perry","year":"1997","unstructured":"Perry, W. L., Cooke, D. W. & Katz, J. D. On the possibility of a significant temperature gradient in supported metal catalysts subjected to microwave heating. J. Catal. 47, 1\u20134 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Catal."},{"key":"333_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2019.03.117","volume":"155","author":"H Nigar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nigar, H. et al. Numerical analysis of microwave heating cavity: combining electromagnetic energy, heat transfer and fluid dynamics for a NaY zeolite fixed-bed. Appl. Therm. Eng. 155, 226\u2013238 (2019).","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"333_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5662","DOI":"10.1039\/C5SC01535A","volume":"6","author":"CP Kabb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kabb, C. P., Carmean, R. N. & Sumerlin, B. S. Probing the surface-localized hyperthermia of gold nanoparticles in a microwave field using polymeric thermometers. Chem. Sci. 6, 5662\u20135669 (2015).","journal-title":"Chem. Sci."},{"key":"333_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8965","DOI":"10.1021\/jp100509h","volume":"114","author":"Y Tsukahara","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsukahara, Y. et al. In situ observation of nonequilibrium local heating as an origin of special effect of microwave on chemistry. J. Phys. Chem. C. 114, 8965\u20138970 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C."},{"key":"333_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13173","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CP02034H","volume":"18","author":"T Ano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ano, T. et al. In situ temperature measurements of reaction spaces under microwave irradiation using photoluminescent probes. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 13173\u201313179 (2016).","journal-title":"Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys."},{"key":"333_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1332112","volume":"72","author":"AG Whittaker","year":"2001","unstructured":"Whittaker, A. G. et al. Preliminary experiments on apparatus for in situ studies of microwave-driven reactions by small angle neutron scattering. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72, 173\u2013176 (2001).","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"333_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1002\/zaac.200500042","volume":"631","author":"MM G\u00fcnter","year":"2005","unstructured":"G\u00fcnter, M. M. et al. In situ high temperature neutron diffraction study of Sr\/Mg-doped lanthanum gallate superionic conductors under microwave irradiation. Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 631, 1277\u20131284 (2005).","journal-title":"Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem."},{"key":"333_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2390630","volume":"77","author":"GA Tompsett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tompsett, G. A. et al. In situ small angle X-ray scattering, wide angle x-ray scattering, and Raman spectroscopy of microwave synthesis. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 124101 (2006).","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Instrum."},{"key":"333_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s10971-016-3992-5","volume":"78","author":"C Cozzo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cozzo, C., Ishizaki, K., Pouchon, M. A. & Vaucher, S. Developing an in situ EXAFS experiment of microwave-induced gelation. J. Sol.Gel Sci. Technol. 78, 507\u2013513 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Sol.Gel Sci. Technol."},{"key":"333_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b04541","volume":"16","author":"Q Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu, Q. et al. Quantifying the nucleation and growth kinetics of microwave nanochemistry enabled by in situ high-energy X-ray scattering. Nano Lett. 16, 715\u2013720 (2016).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"333_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27643","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.7b06323","volume":"121","author":"S \u00d6zkar","year":"2017","unstructured":"\u00d6zkar, S. & Finke, R. G. Silver nanoparticles synthesized by microwave heating: a kinetic and mechanistic re-analysis and re-interpretation. J. Phys. Chem. C. 121, 27643\u201327654 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C."},{"key":"333_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1557\/jmr.2018.465","volume":"34","author":"N Nakamura","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nakamura, N. & Reeja-Jayan, B. Synchrotron X-ray characterization of materials synthesized under microwave irradiation. J. Mater. Res. 34, 194\u2013205 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Mater. Res."},{"key":"333_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201100089","volume":"7","author":"B Van de Broek","year":"2011","unstructured":"Van de Broek, B. et al. Temperature determination of resonantly excited plasmonic branched gold nanoparticles by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Small 7, 2498\u20132506 (2011).","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"333_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.32.3541","volume":"32","author":"DR Sandstrom","year":"1985","unstructured":"Sandstrom, D. R., Marques, E. C., Biebesheimer, V. A., Lytle, F. W. & Greegor, R. B. Thermal disorder in Pt and Ir metal: Comparison of model and experimental extended X-ray-absorption fine structure. Phys. Rev. B 32, 3541\u20133548 (1985).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"333_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stohr, J. NEXAFS Spectroscopy (Springer, Heidelberg, 1992).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-02853-7"},{"key":"333_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155302","DOI":"10.1088\/0953-8984\/21\/15\/155302","volume":"21","author":"R Giulian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Giulian, R. et al. Temperature-dependent EXAFS analysis of embedded Pt nanocrystals. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 21, 155302 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Condens. Matter"},{"key":"333_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3284","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.7b01446","volume":"8","author":"FD Vila","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vila, F. D., Rehr, J. J., Nuzzo, R. G. & Frenkel, A. I. Anomalous structural disorder in supported Pt nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 8, 3284\u20133288 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"333_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5521","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.21.5521","volume":"21","author":"EA Stern","year":"1980","unstructured":"Stern, E. A., Bunker, B. A. & Heald, S. M. Many-body effects on extended X-ray absorption fine structure amplitudes. Phys. Rev. B 21, 5521\u20135539 (1980).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. B"},{"key":"333_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3393","DOI":"10.1002\/ejic.200500348","volume":"17","author":"M Trueba","year":"2005","unstructured":"Trueba, M. & Trasatti, S. P. \u03b3-Alumina as a support for catalysts: a review of fundamental aspects. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 17, 3393\u20133403 (2005).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"333_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, B. et al. Microwaves effectively examine the extent and type of coking over acid zeolite catalysts. Nat. Commun. 8 (2017).","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-00602-8"},{"key":"333_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11244-018-1110-3","volume":"62","author":"C Steiner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Steiner, C. et al. Oxidation state and dielectric properties of ceria-based catalysts by complementary microwave cavity perturbation and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements. Top. Catal. 62, 227\u2013236 (2019).","journal-title":"Top. Catal."}],"container-title":["Communications Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42004-020-0333-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42004-020-0333-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42004-020-0333-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T04:23:02Z","timestamp":1723177382000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42004-020-0333-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42004-020-0333-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3669"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3669","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 January 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 June 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"86"}}