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There is therefore a growing interest for developing innovative photosensitizing agents with enhanced phototherapeutic performances. Herein, we report on a rational design synthetic procedure that converts the ultrabright benzothioxanthene imide (<jats:bold>BTI<\/jats:bold>) dye into three heavy-atom-free thionated compounds featuring close-to-unit singlet oxygen quantum yields. In contrast to the <jats:bold>BTI<\/jats:bold>, these thionated analogs display an almost fully quenched fluorescence emission, in agreement with the formation of highly populated triplet states. Indeed, the sequential thionation on the <jats:bold>BTI<\/jats:bold> scaffold induces torsion of its skeleton reducing the singlet-triplet energy gaps and enhancing the spin-orbit coupling. These potential PSs show potent cancer-cell ablation under light irradiation while remaining non-toxic under dark condition owing to a photo-cytotoxic mechanism that we believe simultaneously involves singlet oxygen and superoxide species, which could be both characterized in vitro. Our study demonstrates that this simple site-selected thionated platform is an effective strategy to convert conventional carbonyl-containing fluorophores into phototherapeutic agents for anticancer PDT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004-022-00752-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T19:02:59Z","timestamp":1667242979000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Site-selected thionated benzothioxanthene chromophores as heavy-atom-free small-molecule photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7815-4494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Deiana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4943-5828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Josse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Dalinot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Artem","family":"Osmolovskyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo Sim\u00f3n","family":"Marqu\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda Andr\u00e9s","family":"Cast\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Abad Gal\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magali","family":"Allain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lhoussain","family":"Khrouz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Maury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tangui","family":"Le Bahers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Blanchard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvie","family":"Dabos-Seignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8928-2416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyrille","family":"Monnereau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4541-7702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasim","family":"Sabouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3781-887X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Cabanetos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"752_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1021\/ja413063e","volume":"136","author":"WA Velema","year":"2014","unstructured":"Velema, W. 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