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However, there are still disputes about the exact active sites and the aromatic formation mechanisms over Ga-modified zeolites. In this work, in situ synchrotron radiation photoionization mass spectrometry (SR-PIMS) experiments were carried out to study the behaviors of intermediates and products during methanol conversion over Ga-modified HZSM-5. The increased formaldehyde (HCHO) yield over Ga-modified HZSM-5 was found to play a key role in the increase in aromatic yields. More HCHO was deemed to be generated from the direct dehydrogenation of methanol, and Ga<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> in Ga-modified HZSM-5 was found to be the active phase. The larger increase in aromatic production over Ga-modified HZSM-5 after reduction\u2012oxidation treatment was found to be the result of redispersed Ga<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> with smaller size generating a larger amount of HCHO. This study provides some new insights into the internal driving force for promoting the production of aromatics over Ga-modified HZSM-5.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004-022-00771-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]],"date-time":"2022-11-19T11:02:27Z","timestamp":1668855747000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Role of formaldehyde in promoting aromatic selectivity during methanol conversion over gallium-modified zeolites"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Wu","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianci","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chaoqun","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5576-1400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongyue","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2519-7359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7076-3412","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiuzhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1535-2319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhandong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1812-8999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8690-8698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9360-3809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"771_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5810","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201103657","volume":"51","author":"U Olsbye","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olsbye, U. et al. 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