{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T23:43:59Z","timestamp":1791330239908,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Chem"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s42004-025-01828-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T13:26:45Z","timestamp":1765805205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Electrochemical selective hydrocarboxylation of acrylamides with carbon dioxide for precise control of \u03b1- and \u03b2-carboxylation"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xiuli","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziren","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haomin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaofeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoucai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwei","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7740-9408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonghong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8241-0809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenjiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1828_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EE01444G","volume":"15","author":"TN Do","year":"2021","unstructured":"Do, T. N., You, C. & Kim, J. A. CO2 utilization framework for liquid fuels and chemical production: Techno-economic and environmental analysis. Energy Environ. Sci. 15, 169\u2013184 (2021).","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"1828_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3198","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b13448","volume":"140","author":"Q-Y Meng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meng, Q.-Y., Wang, S., Huff, G. S. & K\u00f6nig, B. Ligand-controlled regioselective hydrocarboxylation of styrenes with CO2 by combining visible light and nickel catalysis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 3198\u20133201 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1828_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20661","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c08532","volume":"142","author":"W Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, W. & Lin, S. Electroreductive carbofunctionalization of alkenes with alkyl bromides via a radical-polar crossover mechanism. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142, 20661\u201320670 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1828_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7604","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43289-w","volume":"14","author":"Y Qin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qin, Y. et al. Straightforward synthesis of functionalized \u03b3-lactams using impure CO2 stream as the carbon source. Nat. Commun. 14, 7604\u20137612 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1828_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1021\/ja210614y","volume":"134","author":"X Mu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mu, X., Wu, T., Wang, H.-Y., Guo, Y.-L. & Liu, G. S. Palladium-catalyzed oxidative aryltrifluoromethylation of activated alkenes at room temperature. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 878\u2013881 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1828_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b13305","volume":"142","author":"A Alkayal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alkayal, A. et al. Harnessing applied potential: Selective \u03b2-hydrocarboxylation of substituted olefins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142, 1780\u20131785 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1828_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15416","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201707862","volume":"56","author":"JH Ye","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ye, J. H. et al. Visible-light-driven iron-promoted thiocarboxylation of styrenes and acrylates with CO2. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56, 15416\u201315420 (2017).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"1828_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8122","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c03144","volume":"142","author":"H Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang, H., Gao, Y., Zhou, C. & Li, G. Visible-light-driven reductive carboarylation of styrenes with CO2 and arylhalides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 142, 8122\u20138129 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1828_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5813","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.0c00728","volume":"3","author":"R Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, R. et al. Carboxylation of \u03b1,\u03b2-unsaturated ketones by CO2 fixation through photoelectro-chemistry. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 3, 5813\u20135818 (2020).","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Energy Mater."},{"key":"1828_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1002\/cjoc.200890316","volume":"26","author":"H Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang, H., Du, Y. F., Lin, M. Y., Zhang, K. & Lu, J. X. Electrochemical reduction and carboxylation of ethyl cinnamate in mecn. Chin. J. Chem. 26, 1745\u20131748 (2008).","journal-title":"Chin. J. Chem."},{"key":"1828_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202301892","volume":"62","author":"W Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, W. et al. Electroreductive dicarboxylation of unactivated skipped dienes with CO2. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62, e202301892 (2023).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"1828_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4427","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.4c00920","volume":"26","author":"F Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie, F. et al. Electroreductive arylcarboxylation of styrenes with CO2 and aryl halides via a radical-polar crossover mechanism. Org. Lett. 26, 4427\u20134432 (2024).","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"1828_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5961","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC02254C","volume":"22","author":"B Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, B., Yi, Y., Wu, Z.-Q., Chen, C. & Xi, C. Photoredox-catalyzed dicarbofunctionalization of styrenes with amines and CO2: A convenient access to \u03b3-amino acids. Green. Chem. 22, 5961\u20135965 (2020).","journal-title":"Green. Chem."},{"key":"1828_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, P. F. et al. Deconstructive carboxylation of activated alkenes with carbon dioxide. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 63, e202313030 (2023).","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202313030"},{"key":"1828_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5257","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b01561","volume":"140","author":"J Hou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hou, J. et al. Visible-light-driven alkyne hydro-\/carbocarboxylation using CO2 via iridium\/cobalt dual catalysis for divergent heterocycle synthesis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140, 5257\u20135263 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1828_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.4c00860","volume":"26","author":"L Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Xie, W.-J., Meng, Z.-Z., Li, H.-R. & He, L.-N. Electrochemical E-selective semireductive dicarboxylation of aryl alkynes with CO2. Org. Lett. 26, 3241\u20133246 (2024).","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"1828_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2013.02.089","volume":"69","author":"C-H Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li, C.-H., Yuan, G.-Q., Qi, C.-R. & Jiang, H.-F. Copper-catalyzed electrochemical synthesis of alkylidene lactones from carbon dioxide and 1,4-diarylbuta-1,3-diynes. Tetrahedron 69, 3135\u20133140 (2013).","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"1828_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2016.06.032","volume":"72","author":"A Katayama","year":"2016","unstructured":"Katayama, A., Senboku, H. & Hara, S. Aryl radical cyclization with alkyne followed by tandem carboxylation in methyl 4-tert-butylbenzoate-mediated electrochemical reduction of 2-(2-propynyloxy)bromobenzenes in the presence of carbon dioxide. Tetrahedron 72, 4626\u20134636 (2016).","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"1828_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.2c01267","volume":"24","author":"K Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, K., Liu, X.-F., Zhang, W.-Z., Ren, W.-M. & Lu, X.-B. Electrocarboxylation of N-acylimines with carbon dioxide: Access to substituted \u03b1-amino acids. Org. Lett. 24, 3565\u20133569 (2022).","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"1828_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13897","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201806874","volume":"57","author":"T Ju","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ju, T. et al. Selective and catalytic hydrocarboxylation of enamides and imines with CO2 to generate \u03b1,\u03b1-disubstituted \u03b1-amino acids. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 57, 13897\u201313901 (2018).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"1828_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202207746","volume":"61","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Electrocarboxylation of aryl epoxides with CO2 for the facile and selective synthesis of \u03b2-hydroxy acids. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61, e202207746 (2022).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"1828_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202207660","volume":"61","author":"K Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, K. et al. Direct and selective electrocarboxylation of styrene oxides with CO2 for accessing \u03b2-hydroxy acids. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61, e202207660 (2022).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"1828_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, D. et al. Electrochemical dicarboxylation of vinyl epoxide with CO2 for the facile and selective synthesis of diacids. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 64, e202419702 (2025).","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202419702"},{"key":"1828_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202210201","volume":"61","author":"Y Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Y. et al. Metal-free electrochemical carboxylation of organic halides in the presence of catalytic amounts of an organomediator. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 61, e202210201 (2022).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"1828_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajoc.202200207","volume":"11","author":"Z Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan, Z., Yi, Y. & Xi, C. Recent advances in light-induced carboxylation of organic (pseudo)halides with CO2. Asian J. Org. Chem. 11, e202200207 (2022).","journal-title":"Asian J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"1828_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12842","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202003218","volume":"59","author":"NWJ Ang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ang, N. W. J., Oliveira, J. C. A. & Ackermann, L. Electroreductive cobalt-catalyzed carboxylation: Cross-electrophile electrocoupling with atmospheric CO2. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 59, 12842\u201312847 (2020).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"1828_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8546","DOI":"10.1039\/C9OB01752F","volume":"17","author":"S Bazzi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bazzi, S., Le Duc, G., Schulz, E., Gosmini, C. & Mellah, M. CO2 activation by electrogenerated divalent samarium for aryl halide carboxylation. Org. Biomol. Chem. 17, 8546\u20138550 (2019).","journal-title":"Org. Biomol. Chem."},{"key":"1828_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13426","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201706724","volume":"56","author":"Q-Y Meng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meng, Q.-Y., Wang, S. & K\u00f6nig, B. Carboxylation of aromatic and aliphatic bromides and triflates with CO2 by dual visible-light-nickel catalysis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 56, 13426\u201313430 (2017).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"1828_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9467","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b04838","volume":"139","author":"K Shimomaki","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shimomaki, K., Murata, K., Martin, R. & Iwasawa, N. Visible-light-driven carboxylation of aryl halides by the combined use of palladium and photoredox catalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 9467\u20139470 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1828_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7086","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27437-8","volume":"12","author":"G-Q Sun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sun, G.-Q. et al. Nickel-catalyzed electrochemical carboxylation of unactivated aryl and alkyl halides with CO2. Nat. Commun. 12, 7086\u20137095 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1828_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2009.11.053","volume":"66","author":"Y Yamauchi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yamauchi, Y., Hara, S. & Senboku, H. Synthesis of 2-aryl-3,3,3-trifluoropropanoic acids using electrochemical carboxylation of (1-bromo-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)arenes and its application to the synthesis of \u03b2,\u03b2,\u03b2-trifluorinated non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Tetrahedron 66, 473\u2013479 (2010).","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"1828_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05667-0","volume":"615","author":"G-Q Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, G.-Q. et al. Electrochemical reactor dictates site selectivity in n-heteroarene carboxylations. Nature 615, 67\u201372 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1828_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Z. et al. Site-selective electrochemical C\u2014H carboxylation of arenes with CO2. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62, e202214710 (2022).","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202214710"},{"key":"1828_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3891\/acta.chem.scand.35b-0185","volume":"B35","author":"P Fuchs","year":"1981","unstructured":"Fuchs, P., Hess, U., Holst, H. H. & Lund, H. Electrochemical carboxylation of some heteroaromatic compounds. Acta Chem. Scand. B35, 185\u2013192 (1981).","journal-title":"Acta Chem. Scand."},{"key":"1828_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5933","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6933","volume":"6","author":"Q Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu, Q., Wu, L., Jackstell, R. & Beller, M. Using carbon dioxide as a building block in organic synthesis. Nat. Commun. 6, 5933\u20135947 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1828_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.1c00135","volume":"54","author":"JH Ye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ye, J. H., Ju, T., Huang, H., Liao, L. L. & Yu, D.-G. Radical carboxylative cyclizations and carboxylations with CO2. Acc. Chem. Res. 54, 2518\u20132531 (2021).","journal-title":"Acc. Chem. Res."},{"key":"1828_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7328","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC02667K","volume":"22","author":"L Cai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cai, L. et al. Rh(I)-catalyzed regioselective arylcarboxylation of acrylamides with arylboronic acids and CO2. Green. Chem. 22, 7328\u20137332 (2020).","journal-title":"Green. Chem."},{"key":"1828_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kawashima, S., Aikawa, K. & Mikami, K. Rhodium-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of olefins with carbon dioxide. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2016, 3166\u20133170 (2016).","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.201600338"},{"key":"1828_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.31635\/ccschem.020.202000374","volume":"3","author":"H Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, H. et al. Visible-light-driven anti-markovnikov hydrocarboxylation of acrylates and styrenes with CO2. CCS Chem. 3, 1746\u20131756 (2020).","journal-title":"CCS Chem."},{"key":"1828_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4849","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC01324B","volume":"22","author":"GM Martins","year":"2020","unstructured":"Martins, G. M., Zimmer, G. C., Mendes, S. R. & Ahmed, N. Electrifying green synthesis: Recent advances in electrochemical annulation reactions. Green. Chem. 22, 4849\u20134870 (2020).","journal-title":"Green. Chem."},{"key":"1828_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07989-7","volume":"634","author":"F Bu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bu, F. et al. Electrocatalytic reductive deuteration of arenes and heteroarenes. Nature 634, 592\u2013599 (2024).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1828_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202310138","volume":"62","author":"TS Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, T. S., Long, H., Gao, Y. & Xu, H. C. Continuous flow electrochemistry enables practical and site-selective C-H oxidation. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 62, e202310138 (2023).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"1828_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2343","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c12762","volume":"144","author":"L-H Jie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jie, L.-H., Guo, B., Song, J. & Xu, H.-C. Organoelectrocatalysis enables direct cyclopropanation of methylene compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 144, 2343\u20132350 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1828_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31330","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c12925","volume":"146","author":"L Nie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nie, L. et al. Linear paired electrolysis enables redox-neutral (3 + 2) annulation of benzofuran with vinyldiazo compounds. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146, 31330\u201331338 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1828_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c00335","volume":"121","author":"S-H Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi, S.-H., Liang, Y. & Jiao, N. Electrochemical oxidation induced selective C\u2014C bond cleavage. Chem. Rev. 121, 485\u2013505 (2020).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"1828_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.31635\/ccschem.024.202403939","volume":"7","author":"S-S Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu, S.-S. et al. Cobalt-catalyzed electrochemical enantioselective reductive cross-coupling of organohalides. CCS Chem. 7, 245\u2013255 (2025).","journal-title":"CCS Chem."},{"key":"1828_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6676","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c01324","volume":"10","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuan, Y. et al. Mn-catalyzed electrochemical radical cascade cyclization toward the synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-one derivatives. ACS Catal. 10, 6676\u20136681 (2020).","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"1828_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8858","DOI":"10.1039\/D3GC02831C","volume":"25","author":"MJ Luo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo, M. J. et al. Rhodium-catalyzed electrochemical [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of 1,3-butadiynes toward hexasubstituted arenes. Green. Chem. 25, 8858\u20138862 (2023).","journal-title":"Green. Chem."},{"key":"1828_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21832","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202105490","volume":"60","author":"AM Sheta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sheta, A. M. et al. Selective electrosynthetic hydrocarboxylation of \u03b1,\u03b2-unsaturated esters with carbon dioxide. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60, 21832\u201321837 (2021).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"1828_CR50","unstructured":"Brown, W. H., Poon, T. Introduction to organic chemistry, 6th edn. John Wiley & Sons Inc (2017)."},{"key":"1828_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8987","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c04427","volume":"143","author":"CM Hendy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hendy, C. M., Smith, G. C., Xu, Z., Lian, T. & Jui, N. T. Radical chain reduction via carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2\u2022\u2013). J. Am. Chem. Soc. 143, 8987\u20138992 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1828_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16760","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c04679","volume":"145","author":"A Malandain","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malandain, A. et al. Carbon dioxide radical anion by photoinduced equilibration between formate salts and [11C, 13C, 14C]CO2: Application to carbon isotope radiolabeling. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 16760\u201316770 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1828_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10189","DOI":"10.1039\/D4GC02663B","volume":"26","author":"ZX Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei, Z. X. et al. Electrochemical oxidative dehydrogenation of hydrosilanes to generate silyl radicals: An efficient method for the construction of Si\u2014O\/Si\u2014Si bonds utilizing a recyclable ionic liquid catalyst. Green. Chem. 26, 10189\u201310195 (2024).","journal-title":"Green. Chem."},{"key":"1828_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3925","DOI":"10.1039\/D3GC00837A","volume":"25","author":"RJ Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, R. J. et al. Versatile electrooxidative amino- and oxyselenation of alkenes. Green. Chem. 25, 3925\u20133930 (2023).","journal-title":"Green. Chem."},{"key":"1828_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5813","DOI":"10.1039\/D4QO01354A","volume":"11","author":"YC Yue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yue, Y. C. et al. Electrochemical synthesis of selenyl imidazo[2,1-b]thiazinones three-component reactions. Org. Chem. Front. 11, 5813\u20135819 (2024).","journal-title":"Org. Chem. Front."},{"key":"1828_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16122","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.3c01417","volume":"88","author":"P Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, P. et al. Electrochemical synthesis of \u03b1-thiocyanated\/methoxylated ketones using enol acetates. J. Org. Chem. 88, 16122\u201316131 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"1828_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3062","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.orglett.0c00814","volume":"22","author":"X Dong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dong, X., Wang, R., Jin, W. & Liu, C. Electrochemical oxidative dehydrogenative phosphorylation of N-heterocycles with P(O) \u2014H compounds in imidazolium-based ionic liquid. Org. Lett. 22, 3062\u20133066 (2020).","journal-title":"Org. Lett."},{"key":"1828_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J. et al. Electrooxidative Hofmann rearrangement of phthalimides to access anthranilate derivatives. ACS Omega 8, 35167\u201335172 (2023).","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c04797"},{"key":"1828_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1002\/adsc.202201198","volume":"365","author":"RG Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, R. G. et al. Electrochemical oxidative phosphorylations of glycine derivatives with R2P(O)\u2014H-containing compounds via C(sp3)\u2014H functionalisation. Adv. Synth. Catal. 365, 900\u2013905 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Synth. Catal."},{"key":"1828_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tet.2013.12.083","volume":"70","author":"H Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang, H., Xu, X.-M., Lan, Y.-C., Wang, H.-M. & Lu, J.-X. Electrocarboxylation of haloacetophenones at silver electrode. Tetrahedron 70, 1140\u20131143 (2014).","journal-title":"Tetrahedron"},{"key":"1828_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14143","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c04864","volume":"145","author":"S Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, S. et al. Electrochemically generated carbanions enable isomerizing allylation and allenylation of aldehydes with alkenes and alkynes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 14143\u201314154 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1828_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3685","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c13032","volume":"144","author":"Y You","year":"2022","unstructured":"You, Y. et al. Electrochemical dearomative dicarboxylation of heterocycles with highly negative reduction potentials. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 144, 3685\u20133695 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1828_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12161","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b07637","volume":"139","author":"M Gaydou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gaydou, M., Moragas, T., Juli\u00e1-Hern\u00e1ndez, F. & Martin, R. Site-selective catalytic carboxylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons with CO2 and water. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139, 12161\u201312164 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"1828_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21832","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202105490","volume":"60","author":"AM Sheta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sheta, A. M. et al. Selective electrosynthetic hydrocarboxylationof \u03b1,\u03b2-unsaturated esters with carbon dioxide. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 60, 21832\u201321837 (2021).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"1828_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.3390\/catal13061007","volume":"13","author":"Z Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Ji, X., Zhao, F., Deng, G. & Huang, H. Metal-free photoredox intramolecular cyclization of N-aryl acrylamides. Catalysts 13, 1007\u20131020 (2023).","journal-title":"Catalysts"}],"container-title":["Communications Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42004-025-01828-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42004-025-01828-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42004-025-01828-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T05:07:08Z","timestamp":1768367228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42004-025-01828-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1828"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42004-025-01828-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["2399-3669"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3669","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21"}}