{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T03:58:40Z","timestamp":1788494320240,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009023","name":"MEXT | JST | Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJPR17S9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPR17S9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"MEXT | Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PARKS JPMJSF2317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PARKS JPMJSF2317"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Chem"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s42004-026-02009-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T09:02:42Z","timestamp":1776416562000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Iron ion enables photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from methanol"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Masaya","family":"Sakurai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yudai","family":"Kawasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Itabashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Ohkubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8985-0006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takahiro","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2009_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.1c00412","volume":"122","author":"A Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Daw, P. & Milstein, D. Homogeneous catalysis for sustainable energy: hydrogen and methanol economies, fuels from biomass, and related topics. Chem. Rev. 122, 385\u2013441 (2022).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2009_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6067","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.1c03970","volume":"61","author":"MS Salman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salman, M. S., Rambhujun, N., Pratthana, C., Srivastava, K. & Aguey-Zinsou, K.-F. Catalysis in liquid organic hydrogen storage: Recent advances, challenges, and perspectives. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 61, 6067\u20136105 (2022).","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2009_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00182","volume":"118","author":"K Sordakis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sordakis, K. et al. Homogeneous catalysis for sustainable hydrogen storage in formic acid and alcohols. Chem. Rev. 118, 372\u2013433 (2018).","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"2009_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z\u00fcttel, A., Borgschulte, A. & Schlapbach, L. Eds Hydrogen as a future energy carrier, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, Weinheim (2008).","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527622894"},{"key":"2009_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201204995","volume":"52","author":"GA Olah","year":"2013","unstructured":"Olah, G. A. Towards oil independence through renewable methanol chemistry. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 104\u2013107 (2013).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"2009_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200462121","volume":"44","author":"GA Olah","year":"2005","unstructured":"Olah, G. A. Beyond oil and gas: The methanol economy. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 2636\u20132639 (2005).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"2009_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6714","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CC09471A","volume":"51","author":"E Alberico","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alberico, E. & Nielsen, M. Towards a methanol economy based on homogeneous catalysis: Methanol to H2 and CO2 to methanol. Chem. Commun. 51, 6714\u20136725 (2015).","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2009_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c13","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-328X(85)80213-8","volume":"291","author":"TA Smith","year":"1985","unstructured":"Smith, T. A., Aplin, R. P. & Maitlis, P. M. The ruthenium\u2011catalysed conversion of methanol into methyl formate. J. Organomet. Chem. 291, c13\u2013c14 (1985).","journal-title":"J. Organomet. Chem."},{"key":"2009_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shinoda, S., Itagaki, H. & Saito, Y. Dehydrogenation of methanol in the liquid phase with a homogeneous ruthenium complex catalyst. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun. 13, 860\u2013861 (1985).","DOI":"10.1039\/c39850000860"},{"key":"2009_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morton, D. & Cole-Hamilton, D. J. Rapid thermal hydrogen production from alcohols catalysed by [Rh(2,2\u2032-bipyridyl)2]Cl. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 248\u2013249 (1987).","DOI":"10.1039\/C39870000248"},{"key":"2009_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11891","volume":"495","author":"M Nielsen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nielsen, M. et al. Low-temperature aqueous-phase methanol dehydrogenation to hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Nature 495, 85\u201389 (2013).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2009_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.1595","volume":"5","author":"RE Rodr\u00edguez-Lugo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Lugo, R. E. et al. A homogeneous transition metal complex for clean hydrogen production from methanol\u2013water mixtures. Nat. Chem. 5, 342\u2013347 (2013).","journal-title":"Nat. Chem."},{"key":"2009_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1039\/C3CC47306F","volume":"50","author":"A Monney","year":"2014","unstructured":"Monney, A. et al. Base-free hydrogen generation from methanol using a Bi-catalytic system. Chem. Commun. 50, 707\u2013709 (2014).","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"2009_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1021\/cs500937f","volume":"4","author":"P Hu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hu, P., Diskin-Posner, Y., Ben-David, Y. & Milstein, D. Reusable homogeneous catalytic system for hydrogen production from methanol and water. ACS Catal. 4, 2649\u20132652 (2014).","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"2009_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5079","DOI":"10.1021\/ic502521c","volume":"54","author":"J Campos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Campos, J., Sharninghausen, L. S., Manas, M. G. & Crabtree, R. H. Methanol dehydrogenation by iridium N\u2011heterocyclic carbene complexes. Inorg. Chem. 54, 5079\u20135084 (2015).","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"2009_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9057","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201502194","volume":"54","author":"K Fujita","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fujita, K., Kawahara, R., Aikawa, T. & Yamaguchi, R. Hydrogen production from a methanol\u2013water solution catalyzed by an anionic iridium complex bearing a functional bipyridonate ligand under weakly basic conditions. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 54, 9057\u20139060 (2015).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2009_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201600709","volume":"8","author":"FF van de Watering","year":"2016","unstructured":"van de Watering, F. F. et al. Reactivity of a ruthenium\u2013carbonyl complex in the methanol dehydrogenation reaction. ChemCatChem 8, 2752\u20132756 (2016).","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"key":"2009_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201700015","volume":"9","author":"C Prichatz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prichatz, C. et al. Iridium\u2013PNP pincer complexes for methanol dehydrogenation at low base concentration. ChemCatChem 9, 1891\u20131896 (2017).","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"key":"2009_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cclet.2017.03.038","volume":"28","author":"Y-L Zhan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhan, Y.-L. et al. Hydrogen generation from methanol reforming under unprecedented mild conditions. Chin. Chem. Lett. 28, 1353\u20131357 (2017).","journal-title":"Chin. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"2009_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.1c05369","volume":"12","author":"Q Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, Q. et al. New tricks for an old dog: Grubbs catalysts enable efficient hydrogen production from aqueous-phase methanol reforming. ACS Catal. 12, 2212\u20132222 (2022).","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"2009_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3434","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.3c06138","volume":"14","author":"W Qi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qi, W. et al. Panoramic mechanistic insights into hydrogen production via aqueous-phase reforming of methanol catalyzed by ruthenium complexes of bis\u2011N\u2011heterocyclic carbene pincer ligands. ACS Catal. 14, 3434\u20133445 (2024).","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"2009_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14162","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201307224","volume":"52","author":"E Alberico","year":"2013","unstructured":"Alberico, E. et al. Selective hydrogen production from methanol with a defined iron pincer catalyst under mild conditions. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 52, 14162\u201314166 (2013).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2009_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5b00137","volume":"5","author":"EA Bielinski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bielinski, E. A. et al. Base-free methanol dehydrogenation using a pincer-supported iron compound and lewis acid co-catalyst. ACS Catal. 5, 2404\u20132415 (2015).","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"2009_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201610182","volume":"56","author":"M And\u00e9rez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2017","unstructured":"And\u00e9rez-Fern\u00e1ndez, M. et al. A stable manganese pincer catalyst for the selective dehydrogenation of methanol. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 56, 559\u2013562 (2017).","journal-title":"Angew. Chem., Int. Ed."},{"key":"2009_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12333","volume":"7","author":"M Wakizaka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wakizaka, M., Matsumoto, T., Tanaka, R. & Chang, H.-C. Dehydrogenation of anhydrous methanol at room temperature by o-aminophenol-based photocatalysts. Nat. Commun. 7, 12333 (2016).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"2009_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2023.114147","volume":"191","author":"AHM Abbas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abbas, A. H. M., Cheralathan, K. K., Porpatham, E. & Arumugam, S. K. Hydrogen generation using methanol steam reforming \u2013 catalysts, reactors, and thermo-chemical recuperation. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 191, 114147 (2024).","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"2009_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.0c05041","volume":"60","author":"AM Ranjekar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ranjekar, A. M. & Yadav, G. D. Steam reforming of methanol for hydrogen production: A critical analysis of catalysis, processes, and scope. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 60, 89\u2013113 (2021).","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"2009_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.202400217","volume":"19","author":"B Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu, B. et al. Methanol steam reforming for hydrogen production over Ni-based catalysts: State-of-the-art review and future prospects. Chem. Asian J. 19, e202400217 (2024).","journal-title":"Chem. Asian J."},{"key":"2009_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtchem.2022.101334","volume":"27","author":"L Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang, L. et al. Review of methanol photoreforming: Elucidating the mechanisms, photocatalysts and recent advancement strategies. Mater. Today Chem. 27, 101334 (2023).","journal-title":"Mater. Today Chem."},{"key":"2009_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5700","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.3c00250","volume":"62","author":"F Yu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yu, F. et al. Surface engineering of TiO2 nanosheets to boost photocatalytic methanol dehydrogenation for hydrogen evolution. Inorg. Chem. 62, 5700\u20135706 (2023).","journal-title":"Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"2009_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.1021\/cs500865y","volume":"4","author":"JM Valero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Valero, J. M., Obregon, S. & Colon, G. Active site considerations on the photocatalytic H2 evolution performance of Cu-doped TiO2 obtained by different doping methods. ACS Catal. 4, 3320\u20133329 (2014).","journal-title":"ACS Catal."},{"key":"2009_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2019.07.042","volume":"356","author":"Y-H Chung","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chung, Y.-H. et al. Photocatalytic hydrogen production by photo-reforming of methanol with one-pot synthesized Pt-containing TiO2 photocatalysts. Catal. Today 356, 95\u2013100 (2020).","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"2009_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01519-y","volume":"22","author":"H Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, H. et al. High quantum efficiency of hydrogen production from methanol aqueous solution with PtCu\u2013TiO2 photocatalysts. Nat. Mater. 22, 619\u2013626 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"2009_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4853","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b00082","volume":"15","author":"S Xiao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiao, S. et al. Copper nanowires: A substitute for noble metals to enhance photocatalytic H2 generation. Nano Lett. 15, 4853\u20134858 (2015).","journal-title":"Nano Lett."},{"key":"2009_CR35","unstructured":"Bard, A. J., Parsons, R. & Jordan, J. Eds., \u201cStandard Potentials in Aqueous Solution\u201d, Marcel Dekker (1985)."},{"key":"2009_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1039\/an9921701781","volume":"117","author":"C Matsubara","year":"1992","unstructured":"Matsubara, C., Kawamoto, N. & Takamura, K. Oxo[5,10,15,20-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrinato]titanium(IV): An ultrahigh-sensitive spectrophotometric reagent for hydrogen peroxide. Analyst 117, 1781\u20131784 (1992).","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"2009_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CY02419H","volume":"11","author":"G Toyooka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toyooka, G. et al. Hydrogen production from cellulose catalyzed by an iridium complex in ionic liquid under mild conditions. Catal. Sci. Technol. 11, 2273\u20132279 (2021).","journal-title":"Catal. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"2009_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1039\/C8GC01398E","volume":"20","author":"L Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang, L. et al. Enhanced H2 evolution from photocatalytic cellulose conversion based on graphitic carbon layers on TiO2\/NiOx. Green. Chem. 20, 3008\u20133013 (2018).","journal-title":"Green. Chem."},{"key":"2009_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcata.2018.06.030","volume":"563","author":"J Zou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zou, J., Zhang, G. & Xu, X. One-pot photoreforming of cellulosic biomass waste to hydrogen by merging photocatalysis with acid hydrolysis. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 563, 73\u201379 (2018).","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. A Gen."},{"key":"2009_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1038\/1381016a0","volume":"138","author":"RGW Norrish","year":"1936","unstructured":"Norrish, R. G. W. & Bamford, C. H. Photodecomposition of aldehydes and ketones. Nature 138, 1016 (1936).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2009_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10146","DOI":"10.1021\/jp2053025","volume":"115","author":"C Ganglong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ganglong, C., Zhigang, S. & Weihai, F. Adiabatic and nonadiabatic bond cleavages in Norrish type I reaction. J. Phys. Chem. A 115, 10146\u201310153 (2011).","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. A"},{"key":"2009_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19696","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c07125","volume":"146","author":"M Ju","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ju, M., Lee, S., Marvich, H. M. & Lin, S. Accessing alkoxy radicals via frustrated radical pairs: Diverse oxidative functionalizations of tertiary alcohols. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 146, 19696\u201319703 (2024).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."}],"container-title":["Communications Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42004-026-02009-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42004-026-02009-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42004-026-02009-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T09:02:47Z","timestamp":1776416567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42004-026-02009-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42004-026-02009-3","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-7389050\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2399-3669"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2399-3669","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"151"}}