{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T20:22:09Z","timestamp":1793996529712,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Food"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-025-01136-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T10:03:36Z","timestamp":1741860216000},"page":"491-502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Global seafood production practices and trade patterns contribute to disparities in exposure to methylmercury"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Qinqin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3381-4767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qingru","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5481-7806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuying","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9727-1963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuxiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1136_CR1","volume":"12","author":"YX Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. X. et al. Global health effects of future atmospheric mercury emissions. Nat. Commun. 12, 10 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1136_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.12.031","volume":"201","author":"DG Streets","year":"2019","unstructured":"Streets, D. G. et al. Global and regional trends in mercury emissions and concentrations, 2010\u20132015. Atmos. Environ. 201, 417\u2013427 (2019).","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"1136_CR3","unstructured":"Global Mercury Assessment 2018 (UNEP, 2019)."},{"key":"1136_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5969","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b00451","volume":"51","author":"DG Streets","year":"2017","unstructured":"Streets, D. G. et al. Total mercury released to the environment by human activities. Environ. Sci. Technol. 51, 5969\u20135977 (2017).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"1136_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.116620","volume":"275","author":"J Seco","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seco, J. et al. Mercury biomagnification in a Southern Ocean food web. Environ. Pollut. 275, 116620 (2021).","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"1136_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13385","DOI":"10.1021\/es403103t","volume":"47","author":"RA Lavoie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lavoie, R. A., Jardine, T. D., Chumchal, M. M., Kidd, K. A. & Campbell, L. M. Biomagnification of mercury in aquatic food webs: a worldwide meta-analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 47, 13385\u201313394 (2013).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"1136_CR7","first-page":"186","volume":"40","author":"S Bose-O\u2019Reilly","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bose-O\u2019Reilly, S., McCarty, K. M., Steckling, N. & Lettmeier, B. Mercury exposure and children\u2019s health. Curr. Probl. Pediatr. Adolesc. Health Care 40, 186\u2013215 (2010).","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Pediatr. Adolesc. Health Care"},{"key":"1136_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1001915","volume":"118","author":"H Zhang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Feng, X. B., Larssen, T., Qiu, G. L. & Vogt, R. D. In Inland China, rice, rather than fish, is the major pathway for methylmercury exposure. Environ. Health Perspect. 118, 1183\u20131188 (2010).","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"1136_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105392","volume":"135","author":"M Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu, M. et al. Significant elevation of human methylmercury exposure induced by the food trade in Beijing, a developing megacity. Environ. Int. 135, 105392 (2020).","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"1136_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5164","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13221-2","volume":"10","author":"MD Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu, M. D. et al. Rice life cycle-based global mercury biotransport and human methylmercury exposure. Nat. Commun. 10, 5164 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1136_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2023.127220","volume":"79","author":"L Polak-Juszczak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Polak-Juszczak, L. Total mercury and methylmercury in garfish (Belone belone) of different body weights, sizes, ages, and sexes. J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol. 79, 127220 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Trace Elem. Med. Biol."},{"key":"1136_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.2c00925","volume":"10","author":"CJ Zampetti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zampetti, C. J. & Brandt, J. E. Co-considering selenium concentrations alters mercury-based fish and seafood consumption advice: a data compilation and critical assessment. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. 10, 179\u2013185 (2023).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"1136_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.08.051","volume":"159","author":"G Bj\u00f8rklund","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8rklund, G., Dadar, M., Mutter, J. & Aaseth, J. The toxicology of mercury: current research and emerging trends. Environ. Res. 159, 545\u2013554 (2017).","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"1136_CR14","unstructured":"The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022. Towards Blue Transformation (FAO,2022)."},{"key":"1136_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pnasnexus\/pgad128","volume":"2","author":"Z Xing","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xing, Z. et al. International trade shapes global mercury\u2013related health impacts. PNAS Nexus 2, pgad128 (2023).","journal-title":"PNAS Nexus"},{"key":"1136_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6705","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24938-3","volume":"8","author":"RA Lavoie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lavoie, R. A., Bouffard, A., Maranger, R. & Amyot, M. Mercury transport and human exposure from global marine fisheries. Sci. Rep. 8, 6705 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1136_CR17","unstructured":"Evaluation of Certain Food Additives and Contaminants: Sixty-First Report of the Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (WHO, 2003)."},{"key":"1136_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2021.112926","volume":"173","author":"J Xie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xie, J. et al. Mercury and selenium in squids from the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean: the distribution and human health implications. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 173, 112926 (2021).","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"1136_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1007\/s10646-023-02679-y","volume":"32","author":"A M\u00e9dieu","year":"2023","unstructured":"M\u00e9dieu, A., Lorrain, A. & Point, D. Are tunas relevant bioindicators of mercury concentrations in the global ocean? Ecotoxicology 32, 994\u20131009 (2023).","journal-title":"Ecotoxicology"},{"key":"1136_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1468-9","volume":"572","author":"AT Schartup","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schartup, A. T. et al. Climate change and overfishing increase neurotoxicant in marine predators. Nature 572, 648\u2013650 (2019).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1136_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03859-8","volume":"597","author":"M Jiskra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiskra, M. et al. Mercury stable isotopes constrain atmospheric sources to the ocean. Nature 597, 678\u2013682 (2021).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1136_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-09080-6","volume":"10","author":"L Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen, L. et al. Trans-provincial health impacts of atmospheric mercury emissions in China. Nat. Commun. 10, 1484 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1136_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1514395113","volume":"113","author":"A Giang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Giang, A. & Selin, N. E. Benefits of mercury controls for the United States. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 286\u2013291 (2016).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1136_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sunderland, E. M., Krabbenhoft, D. P., Moreau, J. W., Strode, S. A. & Landing, W. M. Mercury sources, distribution, and bioavailability in the North Pacific Ocean: Insights from data and models. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 23, GB2010 (2009).","DOI":"10.1029\/2008GB003425"},{"key":"1136_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1002\/2015GB005275","volume":"30","author":"A Bratkic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bratkic, A. et al. Mercury presence and speciation in the South Atlantic Ocean along the 40\u00b0S transect. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles 30, 105\u2013119 (2016).","journal-title":"Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"1136_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aao5646","volume":"359","author":"DA Kroodsma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kroodsma, D. A. et al. Tracking the global footprint of fisheries. Science 359, 904\u2013907 (2018).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1136_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/faf.12032","volume":"15","author":"D Pauly","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pauly, D. et al. China\u2019s distant-water fisheries in the 21st century. Fish Fish. 15, 474\u2013488 (2014).","journal-title":"Fish Fish."},{"key":"1136_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.08.017","volume":"120","author":"M Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, M. et al. Impacts of farmed fish consumption and food trade on methylmercury exposure in China. Environ. Int. 120, 333\u2013344 (2018).","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"1136_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-023-00852-4","volume":"4","author":"M Springmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Springmann, M., Kennard, H., Dalin, C. & Freund, F. International food trade contributes to dietary risks and mortality at global, regional and national levels. Nat. Food 4, 886\u2013893 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"key":"1136_CR30","unstructured":"Trade map. ITC https:\/\/www.trademap.org\/Index.aspx (2023)."},{"key":"1136_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-020-0080-3","volume":"1","author":"DCG Muir","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muir, D. C. G. Toxic chemical exposure from global fish trade. Nat. Food 1, 259\u2013259 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"key":"1136_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105850","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2023.105850","volume":"259","author":"YJ Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu, Y. J., Li, J., Bo, Y. & Wang, R. P. Comparison of feeding behaviour characteristics between wild-caught and captive-reared Hippocampus kuda Bleeker. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 259, 105850 (2023).","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"1136_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520003773","volume":"126","author":"S Govzman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Govzman, S. et al. A systematic review of the determinants of seafood consumption. Br. J. Nutr. 126, 66\u201380 (2021).","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"1136_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.12.016","volume":"125","author":"BM Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma, B. M., S\u00e1\u0148ka, O., Kalina, J. & Scheringer, M. An overview of worldwide and regional time trends in total mercury levels in human blood and breast milk from 1966 to 2015 and their associations with health effects. Environ. Int. 125, 300\u2013319 (2019).","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"1136_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.09.005","volume":"168","author":"RSD Calder","year":"2019","unstructured":"Calder, R. S. D., Bromage, S. & Sunderland, E. M. Risk tradeoffs associated with traditional food advisories for Labrador Inuit. Environ. Res. 168, 496\u2013506 (2019).","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"1136_CR36","unstructured":"Technical Background Report for the Global Mercury Assessment 2018 (AMAP\/UNEP, 2019)."},{"key":"1136_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2023.105534","volume":"150","author":"GD Murray","year":"2023","unstructured":"Murray, G. D. et al. Seafood consumption and the management of shellfish aquaculture. Mar. Policy 150, 105534 (2023).","journal-title":"Mar. Policy"},{"key":"1136_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpol.2021.104506","volume":"129","author":"P Racine","year":"2021","unstructured":"Racine, P. et al. A case for seaweed aquaculture inclusion in US nutrient pollution management. Mar. Policy 129, 104506 (2021).","journal-title":"Mar. Policy"},{"key":"1136_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s13131-021-1909-9","volume":"41","author":"J Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Wu, W., Li, Y., Liu, Y. & Wang, X. Environmental effects of mariculture in China: an overall study of nitrogen and phosphorus loads. Acta Oceanolog. Sin. 41, 4\u201311 (2022).","journal-title":"Acta Oceanolog. Sin."},{"key":"1136_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz3801","volume":"6","author":"UR Sumaila","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sumaila, U. R. et al. Illicit trade in marine fish catch and its effects on ecosystems and people worldwide. Sci. Adv. 6, eaaz3801 (2020).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1136_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1021\/es061070u","volume":"41","author":"SA Peterson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peterson, S. A., Van Sickle, J., Herlihy, A. T. & Hughes, R. M. Mercury concentration in fish from streams and rivers throughout the western United States. Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 58\u201365 (2007).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"1136_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marenvres.2019.05.010","volume":"148","author":"J Nowosad","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nowosad, J. et al. Dynamics of mercury content in adult sichel (Pelecus cultratus L.) tissues from the Baltic Sea before and during spawning. Mar. Environ. Res. 148, 75\u201380 (2019).","journal-title":"Mar. Environ. Res."},{"key":"1136_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2018.08.037","volume":"135","author":"VN Erasmus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erasmus, V. N., Hamutenya, S., Iitembu, J. A. & Gamatham, J. C. Mercury concentrations in muscles and liver tissues of Cape monkfish (Lophius vomerinus) from the Northern Benguela, Namibia. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 135, 1101\u20131106 (2018).","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"1136_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2020.121841","volume":"224","author":"KK Jinadasa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jinadasa, K. K., Herbello-Hermelo, P., Pe\u00f1a-V\u00e1zquez, E., Bermejo-Barrera, P. & Moreda-Pi\u00f1eiro, A. Mercury speciation in edible seaweed by liquid chromatography\u2014inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after ionic imprinted polymer-solid phase extraction. Talanta 224, 121841 (2021).","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"1136_CR45","unstructured":"Global production by production source 1950-2021 (FishStatJ). FAO https:\/\/www.fao.org\/fishery\/en\/statistics\/software\/fishstatj (2023)."},{"key":"1136_CR46","unstructured":"Global aquatic trade statistics \u2013 Global aquatic trade \u2013 by partner country. FAO https:\/\/www.fao.org\/fishery\/en\/collection\/global_commodity_prod (2023)."},{"key":"1136_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, E. T., Coelho, J. P., Pereira, E. & Pardal, M. A. Are mercury levels in fishery products appropriate to ensure low risk to high fish-consumption populations? Mar. Pollut. Bull. 186, 114464 (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2022.114464"},{"key":"1136_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2016.05.010","volume":"109","author":"M Perugini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perugini, M. et al. Effect of cooking on total mercury content in Norway lobster and European hake and public health impact. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 109, 521\u2013525 (2016).","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"1136_CR49","unstructured":"Food balance sheets of aquatic products 1961\u20132019 (FishStatJ) v2023.1.0. FAO https:\/\/www.fao.org\/fishery\/en\/collection\/global_fish_consump (2023)."},{"key":"1136_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(76)90092-2","volume":"40","author":"G Anderson","year":"1976","unstructured":"Anderson, G. Error propagation by the Monte Carlo method in geochemical calculations. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 40, 1533\u20131538 (1976).","journal-title":"Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta"},{"key":"1136_CR51","unstructured":"Taylor, J. Introduction to Error Analysis, the Study of Uncertainties in Physical Measurements (University Science Books, 1997)."},{"key":"1136_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.159740","volume":"858","author":"AL Soerensen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Soerensen, A. L., Faxneld, S., Pettersson, M. & Sk\u00f6ld, M. Fish tissue conversion factors for mercury, cadmium, lead and nine per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances for use within contaminant monitoring. Sci. Total Environ. 858, 159740 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"1136_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2013.10.051","volume":"78","author":"E Boalt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boalt, E., Miller, A. & Dahlgren, H. Distribution of cadmium, mercury, and lead in different body parts of Baltic herring (Clupea harengus) and perch (Perca fluviatilis): implications for environmental status assessments. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 78, 130\u2013136 (2014).","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"1136_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5216","DOI":"10.1021\/es903359u","volume":"44","author":"GE Rice","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rice, G. E., Hammitt, J. K. & Evans, J. S. A probabilistic characterization of the health benefits of reducing methyl mercury intake in the United States. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 5216\u20135224 (2010).","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Nature Food"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43016-025-01136-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43016-025-01136-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43016-025-01136-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T10:01:56Z","timestamp":1748340116000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43016-025-01136-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1136"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43016-025-01136-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-1355"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-1355","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}