{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T20:02:31Z","timestamp":1793044951058,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Food"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-026-01428-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T09:03:10Z","timestamp":1790154190000},"page":"974-985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Global management of saline soils to boost crop yields and halve nitrogen losses"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Wen","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luxi","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7926-4215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiyang","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3249-6616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1961-3339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujing","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8487-0331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinglan","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3986-3519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baojing","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1428_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Global Status of Salt-Affected Soils \u2013 Main Report https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4060\/cd3044en (FAO, 2024).","DOI":"10.4060\/cd3044en"},{"key":"1428_CR2","first-page":"448","volume":"4","author":"JSP Yadav","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yadav, J. S. P. Managing soil health for sustained high productivity. J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 4, 448\u2013465 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci."},{"key":"1428_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosust.2020.10.015","volume":"50","author":"D Eswar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eswar, D., Karuppusamy, R. & Chellamuthu, S. Drivers of soil salinity and their correlation with climate change. Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain. 50, 310\u2013318 (2021).","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustain."},{"key":"1428_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13010006","volume":"13","author":"W Wen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wen, W., Timmermans, J., Chen, Q. & van Bodegom, P. M. A review of remote sensing challenges for food security with respect to salinity and drought threats. Remote Sens. 13, 6 (2021).","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"1428_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.111736","volume":"280","author":"R Mukhopadhyay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mukhopadhyay, R., Sarkar, B., Jat, H. S., Sharma, P. C. & Bolan, N. S. Soil salinity under climate change: challenges for sustainable agriculture and food security. J. Environ. Manage. 280, 111736 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"1428_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00046","volume":"6","author":"AE Bernhard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bernhard, A. E., Dwyer, C., Idrizi, A., Bender, G. & Zwick, R. Long-term impacts of disturbance on nitrogen-cycling bacteria in a New England salt marsh. Front. Microbiol. 6, 46 (2015).","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"1428_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100846","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rhisph.2023.100846","volume":"29","author":"I Figueroa-Galvis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Figueroa-Galvis, I., Mestanza, O., Mu\u00f1oz, A., Ramos-Duarte, V. A. & Vanegas, J. High salinity suppresses nitrogen cycle genes and shifts nitrifier communities in the black mangrove rhizosphere. Rhizosphere 29, 100846 (2024).","journal-title":"Rhizosphere"},{"key":"1428_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.13430","volume":"23","author":"M Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou, M., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Vereecken, H. & Br\u00fcggemann, N. A meta-analysis of soil salinization effects on nitrogen pools, cycles and fluxes in coastal ecosystems. Glob. Chang. Biol. 23, 1338\u20131352 (2017).","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"1428_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2019.114053","volume":"361","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Salinity-induced concomitant increases in soil ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emission. Geoderma 361, 114053 (2020).","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"1428_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.156946","volume":"843","author":"Z Haj-Amor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Haj-Amor, Z. et al. Soil salinity and its associated effects on soil microorganisms, greenhouse gas emissions, crop yield, biodiversity and desertification: a review. Sci. Total Environ. 843, 156946 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"1428_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-012-9805-1","volume":"114","author":"GB Noe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Noe, G. B., Krauss, K. W., Lockaby, B. G., Conner, W. H. & Hupp, C. R. Effect of increasing salinity and forest mortality on soil nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization in tidal freshwater forested wetlands. Biogeochemistry 114, 225\u2013244 (2013).","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"key":"1428_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s12237-010-9282-5","volume":"33","author":"NB Weston","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weston, N. B., Giblin, A. E., Banta, G. T., Hopkinson, C. S. & Tucker, J. The effects of varying salinity on ammonium exchange in estuarine sediments of the Parker River, Massachusetts. Estuar. Coast. 33, 985\u20131003 (2010).","journal-title":"Estuar. Coast."},{"key":"1428_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1002\/ldr.4907","volume":"35","author":"S Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, S. et al. A balance among irrigation and fertilization regimes to reduce greenhouse gases emissions from saline and alkaline soils. Land Degrad. Dev. 35, 168\u2013182 (2024).","journal-title":"Land Degrad. Dev."},{"key":"1428_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00271-024-00928-4","volume":"43","author":"H He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He, H. & Liu, L. Study on irrigation scheme and nitrogen application to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in saline farmland in the arid\/semi-arid region of Hetao irrigation district. Irrig. Sci. 43, 203\u2013219 (2024).","journal-title":"Irrig. Sci."},{"key":"1428_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.12.257","volume":"625","author":"Saifullah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saifullah, Dahlawi, S., Naeem, A., Rengel, Z. & Naidu, R. Biochar application for the remediation of salt-affected soils: challenges and opportunities. Sci. Total Environ. 625, 320\u2013335 (2018).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"1428_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712831","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2021.712831","volume":"9","author":"I Stavi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stavi, I., Thevs, N. & Priori, S. Soil salinity and sodicity in drylands: a review of causes, effects, monitoring, and restoration measures. Front. Environ. Sci. 9, 712831 (2021).","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"1428_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.03.104","volume":"669","author":"H Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, H., Zhao, Q. & Huang, H. Current states and challenges of salt-affected soil remediation by cyanobacteria. Sci. Total Environ. 669, 258\u2013272 (2019).","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"1428_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s42773-023-00244-8","volume":"5","author":"Q Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, Q. et al. Biochar application in remediating salt-affected soil to achieve carbon neutrality and abate climate change. Biochar 5, 45 (2023).","journal-title":"Biochar"},{"key":"1428_CR19","unstructured":"Stehfest, E., van Vuuren, D., Bouwman, L. & Kram, T. Integrated Assessment of Global Environmental Change with Image 3.0: Model Description and Policy Applications (Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, 2014)."},{"key":"1428_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8792","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1510211112","volume":"112","author":"B Gu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gu, B., Ju, X., Chang, J., Ge, Y. & Vitousek, P. M. Integrated reactive nitrogen budgets and future trends in China. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 8792\u20138797 (2015).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1428_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(17)60296-0","volume":"27","author":"U Ghosh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghosh, U., Thapa, R., Desutter, T., He, Y. & Chatterjee, A. Saline\u2013sodic soils: potential sources of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide emissions? Pedosphere 27, 65\u201375 (2017).","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"1428_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2018.11.012","volume":"337","author":"Y Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu, Y., Zhao, C., Zheng, N., Jia, H. & Yao, H. Interactive effects of soil texture and salinity on nitrous oxide emissions following crop residue amendment. Geoderma 337, 1146\u20131154 (2019).","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"1428_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rhisph.2022.100606","volume":"24","author":"C Ran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ran, C. et al. Straw and nitrogen amendments improve soil, rice yield, and roots in a saline sodic soil. Rhizosphere 24, 100606 (2022).","journal-title":"Rhizosphere"},{"key":"1428_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psep.2017.01.021","volume":"107","author":"H Nouri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nouri, H. et al. Application of green remediation on soil salinity treatment: a review on halophytoremediation. Process Saf. Environ. Protect. 107, 94\u2013107 (2017).","journal-title":"Process Saf. Environ. Protect."},{"key":"1428_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.4081\/ija.2023.2166","volume":"18","author":"AM Paz","year":"2023","unstructured":"Paz, A. M. et al. Salt-affected soils: field-scale strategies for prevention, mitigation, and adaptation to salt accumulation. Ital. J. Agron. 18, 2166 (2023).","journal-title":"Ital. J. Agron."},{"key":"1428_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.3390\/land10121377","volume":"10","author":"AW Daba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Daba, A. W. & Qureshi, A. S. Review of soil salinity and sodicity challenges to crop production in the lowland irrigated areas of Ethiopia and its management strategies. Land 10, 1377 (2021).","journal-title":"Land"},{"key":"1428_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2022.107943","volume":"274","author":"Z Che","year":"2022","unstructured":"Che, Z., Wang, J. & Li, J. Modeling strategies to balance salt leaching and nitrogen loss for drip irrigation with saline water in arid regions. Agric. Water Manage. 274, 107943 (2022).","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manage."},{"key":"1428_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2019.111260","volume":"231","author":"K Ivushkin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ivushkin, K. et al. Global mapping of soil salinity change. Remote Sens. Environ. 231, 111260 (2019).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"1428_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1111\/ejss.13010","volume":"72","author":"DL Corwin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corwin, D. L. Climate change impacts on soil salinity in agricultural areas. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 72, 842\u2013862 (2021).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Soil Sci."},{"key":"1428_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaridenv.2022.104775","volume":"203","author":"K Negacz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Negacz, K., Malek, Z., de Vos, A. & Vellinga, P. Saline soils worldwide: identifying the most promising areas for saline agriculture. J. Arid Environ. 203, 9 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Arid Environ."},{"key":"1428_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-020-00185-6","volume":"1","author":"D Wuepper","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wuepper, D., Le Clech, S., Zilberman, D., Mueller, N. & Finger, R. Countries influence the trade-off between crop yields and nitrogen pollution. Nat. Food 1, 713\u2013719 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"key":"1428_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hillel, D. Salinity Management for Sustainable Irrigation: Integrating Science, Environment, and Economics https:\/\/go.exlibris.link\/tM2DqxZy (World Bank Publications, 2000).","DOI":"10.1596\/0-8213-4773-X"},{"key":"1428_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landusepol.2018.11.017","volume":"82","author":"M Chapman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chapman, M., Satterfield, T. & Chan, K. M. A. When value conflicts are barriers: can relational values help explain farmer participation in conservation incentive programs? Land Use Policy 82, 464\u2013475 (2019).","journal-title":"Land Use Policy"},{"key":"1428_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25785","volume":"555","author":"Z Cui","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cui, Z. et al. Pursuing sustainable productivity with millions of smallholder farmers. Nature 555, 363\u2013366 (2018).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1428_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05481-8","volume":"613","author":"B Gu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gu, B. et al. Cost-effective mitigation of nitrogen pollution from global croplands. Nature 613, 77\u201384 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1428_CR36","unstructured":"Abrol, I. P., Yadav, J. S. P. & Massoud, F. I. Salt-Affected Soils and Their Management https:\/\/www.fao.org\/4\/x5871e\/x5871e00.htm (FAO, 1988)."},{"key":"1428_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.2134\/agronmonogr38.c3","volume":"38","author":"EV Maas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Maas, E. V. & Grattan, S. R. Crop yields as affected by salinity. Agri. Drain. 38, 55\u2013108 (1999).","journal-title":"Agri. Drain."},{"key":"1428_CR38","first-page":"103438","volume":"122","author":"W Wen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wen, W., Timmermans, J., Chen, Q. & van Bodegom, P. M. Evaluating crop-specific responses to salinity and drought stress from remote sensing. Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. 122, 103438 (2023).","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf."},{"key":"1428_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33017","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2013771117","volume":"117","author":"A Hassani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hassani, A., Azapagic, A. & Shokri, N. Predicting long-term dynamics of soil salinity and sodicity on a global scale. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 117, 33017\u201333027 (2020).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1428_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richards, L. A. Diagnosis and Improvement of Saline and Alkali Soils (US Government Printing Office, 1954).","DOI":"10.1097\/00010694-195408000-00012"},{"key":"1428_CR41","unstructured":"Harmonized World Soil Database (version 1.2) https:\/\/www.fao.org\/soils-portal\/data-hub\/soil-maps-and-databases\/harmonized-world-soil-database-v12\/en\/ (FAO, 2012)."},{"key":"1428_CR42","unstructured":"2018 European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative land-use product. ESA https:\/\/glam1.gsfc.nasa.gov\/api\/doc\/cropmask\/v1\/ECMWF-C3S-2018_crops (2018)."},{"key":"1428_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-023-01154-0","volume":"6","author":"J Cui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cui, J. et al. Nitrogen cycles in global croplands altered by elevated CO2. Nat. Sustain. 6, 1166\u20131176 (2023).","journal-title":"Nat. Sustain."},{"key":"1428_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00096-2","volume":"83","author":"A Huete","year":"2002","unstructured":"Huete, A. et al. Overview of the radiometric and biophysical performance of the MODIS vegetation indices. Remote Sens. Environ. 83, 195\u2013213 (2002).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"1428_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2015.08.026","volume":"169","author":"E Scudiero","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scudiero, E., Skaggs, T. H. & Corwin, D. L. Regional-scale soil salinity assessment using Landsat ETM+ canopy reflectance. Remote Sens. Environ. 169, 335\u2013343 (2015).","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"1428_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page, M. J. et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372, n71 (2021).","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1428_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbinf.2024.1305969","volume":"4","author":"MS Rosenberg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rosenberg, M. S. MetaWin 3: open-source software for meta-analysis. Front. Bioinform. 4, 1305969 (2024).","journal-title":"Front. Bioinform."},{"key":"1428_CR48","unstructured":"Klimont, Z. & Winiwarter, W. Integrated Ammonia Abatement \u2013 Modelling of Emission Control Potentials and Costs in Gains https:\/\/pure.iiasa.ac.at\/id\/eprint\/9809\/ (IIASA, 2011)."},{"key":"1428_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-024-01113-8","volume":"6","author":"Y Gao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gao, Y. et al. Cost-effective adaptations increase rice production while reducing pollution under climate change. Nat. Food 6, 260\u2013272 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Food"},{"key":"1428_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-012-9787-z","volume":"114","author":"RW Pinder","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pinder, R. W. et al. Impacts of human alteration of the nitrogen cycle in the US on radiative forcing. Biogeochemistry 114, 25\u201340 (2013).","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"}],"container-title":["Nature Food"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43016-026-01428-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43016-026-01428-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43016-026-01428-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T13:01:26Z","timestamp":1792846886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43016-026-01428-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43016-026-01428-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-1355"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-1355","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}