{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T03:44:15Z","timestamp":1771472655309,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Aging"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-024-00591-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T11:01:57Z","timestamp":1711018917000},"page":"483-490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Incidence and prognosis of cardiac conduction system diseases in hypertension: the STEP trial"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1284-883X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shikai","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8928-9570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8693-3554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"591_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2012.07.003","volume":"28","author":"GV Chow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chow, G. V., Marine, J. E. & Fleg, J. L. Epidemiology of arrhythmias and conduction disorders in older adults. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 28, 539\u2013553 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Geriatr. Med."},{"key":"591_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.84.6.625","volume":"84","author":"D De Bacquer","year":"2000","unstructured":"De Bacquer, D., De Backer, G. & Kornitzer, M. Prevalences of ECG findings in large population based samples of men and women. Heart 84, 625\u2013633 (2000).","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"591_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2021.09.041","volume":"19","author":"BC Nyholm","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nyholm, B. C. et al. Fascicular heart blocks and risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes: Results from a large primary care population. Heart Rhythm 19, 252\u2013259 (2022).","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"591_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2019.06.024","volume":"124","author":"EL Kiehl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kiehl, E. L. et al. Effect of left ventricular conduction delay on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (from the PRECISION Trial). Am. J. Cardiol. 124, 1049\u20131055 (2019).","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"591_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000217","volume":"6","author":"ZM Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. M. et al. Different patterns of bundle-branch blocks and the risk of incident heart failure in the Women\u2019s Health Initiative (WHI) study. Circ. Heart Fail. 6, 655\u2013661 (2013).","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"591_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.06.060","volume":"110","author":"ZM Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang, Z. M. et al. Mortality risk associated with bundle branch blocks and related repolarization abnormalities (from the Women\u2019s Health Initiative [WHI]). Am. J. Cardiol. 110, 1489\u20131495 (2012).","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"591_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.04.040","volume":"112","author":"AO Badheka","year":"2013","unstructured":"Badheka, A. O. et al. QRS duration on electrocardiography and cardiovascular mortality (from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-III). Am. J. Cardiol. 112, 671\u2013677 (2013).","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"591_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.11.021","volume":"4","author":"K Stephenson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stephenson, K. et al. Long-term outcomes of left bundle branch block in high-risk survivors of acute myocardial infarction: the VALIANT experience. Heart Rhythm 4, 308\u2013313 (2007).","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm"},{"key":"591_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.162","volume":"16","author":"LH Lund","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lund, L. H. et al. Age, prognostic impact of QRS prolongation and left bundle branch block, and utilization of cardiac resynchronization therapy: findings from 14,713 patients in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry. Eur. J. Heart Fail. 16, 1073\u20131081 (2014).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"591_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.2729","volume":"309","author":"MC Mandyam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mandyam, M. C., Soliman, E. Z., Heckbert, S. R., Vittinghoff, E. & Marcus, G. M. Long-term outcomes of left anterior fascicular block in the absence of overt cardiovascular disease. JAMA 309, 1587\u20131588 (2013).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"591_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.12.033","volume":"77","author":"L Cal\u00f2","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cal\u00f2, L. et al. Left posterior fascicular block and increased risk of sudden cardiac death in young people. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 77, 1143\u20131145 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"591_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.963561","volume":"4","author":"AL Aro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aro, A. L. et al. Intraventricular conduction delay in a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram as a predictor of mortality in the general population. Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 4, 704\u2013710 (2011).","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"591_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2571","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.888","volume":"301","author":"S Cheng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cheng, S. et al. Long-term outcomes in individuals with prolonged PR interval or first-degree atrioventricular block. JAMA 301, 2571\u20132577 (2009).","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"591_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.112.975342","volume":"6","author":"JW Magnani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Magnani, J. W. et al. Electrocardiographic PR interval and adverse outcomes in older adults: the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study. Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol. 6, 84\u201390 (2013).","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"591_CR15","first-page":"e382","volume":"140","author":"FM Kusumoto","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kusumoto, F. M. et al. 2018 ACC\/AHA\/HRS guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 140, e382\u2013e482 (2019).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"591_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.31.2.219","volume":"31","author":"M Davies","year":"1969","unstructured":"Davies, M. & Harris, A. Pathological basis of primary heart block. Br. Heart J. 31, 219\u2013226 (1969).","journal-title":"Br. Heart J."},{"key":"591_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2007.06626.x","volume":"9","author":"J D\u00edez","year":"2007","unstructured":"D\u00edez, J. Mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis in hypertension. J. Clin. Hypertens. 9, 546\u2013550 (2007).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"key":"591_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-90-3-303","volume":"90","author":"JF Schneider","year":"1979","unstructured":"Schneider, J. F., Thomas, H. E. Jr., Kreger, B. E., McNamara, P. M. & Kannel, W. B. Newly acquired left bundle-branch block: the Framingham study. Ann. Intern. Med. 90, 303\u2013310 (1979).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"591_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-92-1-37","volume":"92","author":"JF Schneider","year":"1980","unstructured":"Schneider, J. F. et al. Newly acquired right bundle-branch block: the Framingham study. Ann. Intern. Med. 92, 37\u201344 (1980).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"591_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs291","volume":"34","author":"BE Bussink","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bussink, B. E. et al. Right bundle branch block: prevalence, risk factors, and outcome in the general population: results from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur. Heart J. 34, 138\u2013146 (2013).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"591_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2004.19.3.171","volume":"19","author":"JH Jeong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jeong, J. H. et al. Incidence of and risk factors for bundle branch block in adults older than 40 years. Korean J. Intern. Med. 19, 171\u2013178 (2004).","journal-title":"Korean J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"591_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.2502","volume":"176","author":"TA Dewland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dewland, T. A. et al. Effect of the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) on conduction system disease. JAMA Intern. Med. 176, 1085\u20131092 (2016).","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"591_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001915","volume":"37","author":"PM Okin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Okin, P. M., Kjeldsen, S. E. & Devereux, R. B. Effect of antihypertensive therapy on development of incident conduction system disease in hypertensive patients. J. Hypertens. 37, 629\u2013635 (2019).","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"591_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2023.0845","volume":"8","author":"EK Frimodt-M\u00f8ller","year":"2023","unstructured":"Frimodt-M\u00f8ller, E. K. et al. Association between intensive vs standard blood pressure control and incident left ventricular conduction disease: a post hoc analysis of the SPRINT randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol. 8, 612\u2013616 (2023).","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"591_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02105-3","volume":"21","author":"R Shan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shan, R. et al. Prevalence and risk factors of atrioventricular block among 15 million Chinese health examination participants in 2018: a nation-wide cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovasc. Disord. 21, 289 (2021).","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"key":"591_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qiao, Q. et al. Bundle branch block and nonspecific intraventricular conduction delay prevalence using Chinese nationwide survey data. J. Int. Med. Res. 50, 3000605221119666 (2022).","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605221119666"},{"key":"591_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.09.049","volume":"153","author":"R Pfister","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pfister, R., Michels, G., Cairns, R., Schneider, C. A. & Erdmann, E. Incidence of new onset bundle branch block and atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease: an analysis of the PROactive study. Int. J. Cardiol. 153, 233\u2013234 (2011).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"591_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac799","volume":"44","author":"EK Frimodt-M\u00f8ller","year":"2023","unstructured":"Frimodt-M\u00f8ller, E. K. et al. Lifestyle habits associated with cardiac conduction disease. Eur. Heart J. 44, 1058\u20131066 (2023).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"591_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcy212","volume":"111","author":"A Ioannou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ioannou, A., Papageorgiou, N., Singer, D. & Missouris, C. G. Registry report of the prevalence of ECG abnormalities and their relation to patient characteristics in an asymptomatic population. QJM 111, 875\u2013879 (2018).","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"591_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.80.6.570","volume":"80","author":"D De Bacquer","year":"1998","unstructured":"De Bacquer, D., De Backer, G., Kornitzer, M. & Blackburn, H. Prognostic value of ECG findings for total, cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease death in men and women. Heart 80, 570\u2013577 (1998).","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"591_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14240","volume":"75","author":"FD Fuchs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fuchs, F. D. & Whelton, P. K. High blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension 75, 285\u2013292 (2020).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"591_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017430","volume":"9","author":"P Gaba","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gaba, P. et al. Mortality in patients with right bundle-branch block in the absence of cardiovascular disease. J. Am. Heart Assoc. 9, e017430 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"591_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 288, 2981\u20132997 (2002).","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.23.2981"},{"key":"591_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/13814788.2019.1639667","volume":"25","author":"M Alventosa-Zaidin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alventosa-Zaidin, M. et al. Right bundle branch block: prevalence, incidence, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population. Eur. J. Gen. Pract. 25, 109\u2013115 (2019).","journal-title":"Eur. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"591_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2019.105913","volume":"89","author":"S Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, S. et al. Strategy of blood pressure intervention in the elderly hypertensive patients (STEP): rational, design, and baseline characteristics for the main trial. Contemp. Clin. Trials 89, 105913 (2020).","journal-title":"Contemp. Clin. Trials"},{"key":"591_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2111437","volume":"385","author":"W Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, W. et al. Trial of intensive blood-pressure control in older patients with hypertension. N. Engl. J. Med. 385, 1268\u20131279 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"591_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.699579","volume":"117","author":"RB D\u2019Agostino Sr.","year":"2008","unstructured":"D\u2019Agostino, R. B. Sr. et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the framingham heart study. Circulation 117, 743\u2013753 (2008).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"591_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1999.10474144","volume":"94","author":"JP Fine","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fine, J. P. & Gray, R. J. A proportional hazards model for the subdistribution of a competing risk. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 94, 496\u2013509 (1999).","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"key":"591_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280210395740","volume":"22","author":"SR Seaman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seaman, S. R. & White, I. R. Review of inverse probability weighting for dealing with missing data. Stat. Methods Med. Res. 22, 278\u2013295 (2013).","journal-title":"Stat. Methods Med. Res."}],"container-title":["Nature Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43587-024-00591-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43587-024-00591-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43587-024-00591-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,19]],"date-time":"2024-04-19T09:05:06Z","timestamp":1713517506000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43587-024-00591-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["591"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43587-024-00591-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-8465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-8465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 March 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}