{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:50:38Z","timestamp":1791453038487,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Aging"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-026-01237-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:03:21Z","timestamp":1791450201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Heterogeneity in secondary follicle development buffers the lifespan of activated oocytes to optimize female fertility in mice"],"prefix":"10.1038","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuebing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaiying","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xindi","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shudong","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longzhong","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yibo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3595-2859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengchao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4700-5971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"1237_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8585","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306189110","volume":"110","author":"L Lei","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lei, L. & Spradling, A. C. Female mice lack adult germ-line stem cells but sustain oogenesis using stable primordial follicles. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 8585\u20138590 (2013).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1237_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3775","volume":"21","author":"H Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang, H. et al. Adult human and mouse ovaries lack DDX4-expressing functional oogonial stem cells. Nat. Med. 21, 1116\u20131118 (2015).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"1237_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113684","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1113684","volume":"14","author":"T Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, T. et al. Mechanisms of primordial follicle activation and new pregnancy opportunity for premature ovarian failure patients. Front. Physiol. 14, 1113684 (2023).","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"1237_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152257","volume":"319","author":"P Reddy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reddy, P. et al. Oocyte-specific deletion of Pten causes premature activation of the primordial follicle pool. Science 319, 611\u2013613 (2008).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1237_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12785-2","volume":"12","author":"K Kawano","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kawano, K. et al. Effect of heat exposure on the growth and developmental competence of bovine oocytes derived from early antral follicles. Sci. Rep. 12, 8857 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1237_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.052658699","volume":"99","author":"JJ Eppig","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eppig, J. J., Wigglesworth, K. & Pendola, F. L. The mammalian oocyte orchestrates the rate of ovarian follicular development. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 2890\u20132894 (2002).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"1237_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3920","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11233920","volume":"11","author":"S Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou, S. et al. Low WIP1 expression accelerates ovarian aging by promoting follicular atresia and primordial follicle activation. Cells 11, 3920 (2022).","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1237_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402393","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202402393","volume":"11","author":"L Weng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Weng, L. et al. Sleep deprivation triggers the excessive activation of ovarian primordial follicles via \u03b22 adrenergic receptor signaling. Adv. Sci. 11, 2402393 (2024).","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"key":"1237_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1139\/Y10-009","volume":"88","author":"GM Kidder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kidder, G. M. & Vanderhyden, B. C. Bidirectional communication between oocytes and follicle cells: ensuring oocyte developmental competence. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 88, 399\u2013413 (2010).","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"1237_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-025-01356-5","volume":"23","author":"M Jinno","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jinno, M. Ovarian stimulation by promoting basal follicular growth. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 23, 35 (2025).","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1237_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0297-201","volume":"15","author":"TR Kumar","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kumar, T. R., Wang, Y., Lu, N. & Matzuk, M. M. Follicle stimulating hormone is required for ovarian follicle maturation but not male fertility. Nat. Genet. 15, 201\u2013204 (1997).","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"1237_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/rmb2.12371","volume":"20","author":"M Orisaka","year":"2021","unstructured":"Orisaka, M. et al. The role of pituitary gonadotropins and intraovarian regulators in follicle development: a mini-review. Reprod. Med. Biol. 20, 169\u2013175 (2021).","journal-title":"Reprod. Med. Biol."},{"key":"1237_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx040","volume":"24","author":"M Conti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Conti, M. & Franciosi, F. Acquisition of oocyte competence to develop as an embryo: integrated nuclear and cytoplasmic events. Hum. Reprod. Update 24, 245\u2013266 (2018).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"1237_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11652","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad919","volume":"51","author":"Y Wan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wan, Y. et al. LSM14B is essential for oocyte meiotic maturation by regulating maternal mRNA storage and clearance. Nucleic Acids Res. 51, 11652\u201311667 (2023).","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"1237_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410000287","volume":"303","author":"U Eberspaecher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eberspaecher, U. et al. Immunohistochemical localization of zona pellucida proteins ZPA, ZPB and ZPC in human, cynomolgus monkey and mouse ovaries. Cell Tissue Res. 303, 277\u2013287 (2001).","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"1237_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22829-2","volume":"12","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang, Y. et al. Oocyte-derived microvilli control female fertility by optimizing ovarian follicle selection in mice. Nat. Commun. 12, 2523 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1237_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmm040","volume":"14","author":"RB Gilchrist","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gilchrist, R. B., Lane, M. & Thompson, J. G. Oocyte-secreted factors: regulators of cumulus cell function and oocyte quality. Hum. Reprod. Update 14, 159\u2013177 (2008).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"1237_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.02.039","volume":"28","author":"S El-Hayek","year":"2018","unstructured":"El-Hayek, S., Yang, Q., Abbassi, L., FitzHarris, G. & Clarke, H. J. Mammalian oocytes locally remodel follicular architecture to provide the foundation for germline\u2013soma communication. Curr. Biol. 28, 1124\u20131131 (2018).","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"1237_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5349","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25105349","volume":"25","author":"D Del Bianco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Del Bianco, D. et al. Electro-metabolic coupling of cumulus\u2013oocyte complex. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 25, 5349 (2024).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1237_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa100","volume":"35","author":"E Ouni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ouni, E. et al. Spatiotemporal changes in mechanical matrisome components of the human ovary from prepuberty to menopause. Hum. Reprod. 35, 1391\u20131410 (2020).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"1237_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.140125nr","volume":"58","author":"N Rebscher","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rebscher, N. Establishing the germline in spiralian embryos. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 58, 403\u2013411 (2014).","journal-title":"Int. J. Dev. Biol."},{"key":"1237_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"RP107352","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.107352.2","volume":"14","author":"Q Yin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yin, Q. & Spradling, A. C. Distinct waves of ovarian follicles contribute to mouse oocyte production. eLife 14, RP107352 (2025).","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"1237_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12446","volume":"5","author":"F Bochner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bochner, F. et al. A novel intravital imaging window for longitudinal microscopy of the mouse ovary. Sci. Rep. 5, 12446 (2015).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1237_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abi8683","volume":"8","author":"X Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu, X. et al. Imaging and tracing the pattern of adult ovarian angiogenesis implies a strategy against female reproductive aging. Sci. Adv. 8, eabi8683 (2022).","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"1237_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.3c00157","volume":"22","author":"Q Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, Q. et al. Discovery of oogenesis biomarkers from mouse oocytes using a single-cell proteomics approach. J. Proteome Res. 22, 2067\u20132078 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"1237_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.09.059","volume":"155","author":"N Shyh-Chang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shyh-Chang, N. et al. Lin28 enhances tissue repair by reprogramming cellular metabolism. Cell 155, 778\u2013792 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1237_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2016.05.009","volume":"19","author":"J Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. LIN28 regulates stem cell metabolism and conversion to primed pluripotency. Cell Stem Cell 19, 66\u201380 (2016).","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"1237_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.11.044","volume":"136","author":"P Nicklin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nicklin, P. et al. Bidirectional transport of amino acids regulates mTOR and autophagy. Cell 136, 521\u2013534 (2009).","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1237_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2655","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2016.222","volume":"8","author":"W Ren","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ren, W. et al. Amino-acid transporters in T-cell activation and differentiation. Cell Death Dis. 8, e2655 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"1237_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44364-y","volume":"15","author":"A Worthmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Worthmann, A. et al. Fatty acid synthesis suppresses dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid use. Nat. Commun. 15, 45 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1237_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44393-7","volume":"15","author":"L Weng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Weng, L. et al. Surplus fatty acid synthesis increases oxidative stress in adipocytes and induces lipodystrophy. Nat. Commun. 15, 133 (2024).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1237_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI75836","volume":"125","author":"Y Xiang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiang, Y. et al. Targeted inhibition of tumor-specific glutaminase diminishes cell-autonomous tumorigenesis. J. Clin. Invest. 125, 2293\u20132306 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"1237_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1496","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-020-00504-8","volume":"52","author":"HC Yoo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yoo, H. C., Yu, Y. C., Sung, Y. & Han, J. M. Glutamine reliance in cell metabolism. Exp. Mol. Med. 52, 1496\u20131516 (2020).","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"1237_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31324-1","volume":"13","author":"E Zacharioudakis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zacharioudakis, E. et al. Modulating mitofusins to control mitochondrial function and signaling. Nat. Commun. 13, 3775 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1237_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07534","volume":"456","author":"OM De Brito","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Brito, O. M. & Scorrano, L. Mitofusin 2 tethers endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria. Nature 456, 605\u2013610 (2008).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1237_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1218099","volume":"337","author":"DK Bricker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bricker, D. K. et al. A mitochondrial pyruvate carrier required for pyruvate uptake in yeast, Drosophila, and humans. Science 337, 96\u2013100 (2012).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1237_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2020.12.003","volume":"33","author":"AA Cluntun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cluntun, A. A. et al. The pyruvate\u2013lactate axis modulates cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Cell Metab. 33, 629\u2013648 (2021).","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"1237_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111644","volume":"41","author":"G Bou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bou, G. et al. OCT4 expression transactivated by GATA protein is essential for non-rodent trophectoderm early development. Cell Rep. 41, 111644 (2022).","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"1237_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.009092","volume":"68","author":"C Gillio-Meina","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gillio-Meina, C., Hui, Y. Y. & LaVoie, H. A. GATA-4 and GATA-6 transcription factors: expression, immunohistochemical localization, and possible function in the porcine ovary. Biol. Reprod. 68, 412\u2013422 (2003).","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"1237_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dex284","volume":"32","author":"JM Reyes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reyes, J. M. et al. Differing molecular response of young and advanced maternal age human oocytes to IVM. Hum. Reprod. 32, 2199\u20132208 (2017).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"1237_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-9-256","volume":"9","author":"T Desvignes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Desvignes, T., Pontarotti, P., Fauvel, C. & Bobe, J. Nme protein family evolutionary history, a vertebrate perspective. BMC Evol. Biol. 9, 256 (2009).","journal-title":"BMC Evol. Biol."},{"key":"1237_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2021.09.032","volume":"177","author":"Y Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma, Y. et al. WGBS combined with RNA-seq analysis revealed that Dnmt1 affects the methylation modification and gene expression changes during mouse oocyte vitrification. Theriogenology 177, 11\u201321 (2022).","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"1237_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020823","volume":"22","author":"H La","year":"2021","unstructured":"La, H. et al. Insights from the applications of single-cell transcriptomic analysis in germ cell development and reproductive medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 823 (2021).","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"1237_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2846","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.231","volume":"8","author":"T-G Meng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meng, T.-G. et al. Oocyte-specific deletion of furin leads to female infertility by causing early secondary follicle arrest in mice. Cell Death Dis. 8, e2846 (2017).","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"1237_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-025-01422-y","volume":"23","author":"L Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, L. et al. A dual-drug strategy to enhance the function of cryopreserved ovaries by promoting revascularization and inhibiting follicle over-activation. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 23, 95 (2025).","journal-title":"Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1237_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.21407","volume":"103","author":"M Kusakabe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kusakabe, M., Cheong, P., Nikfar, R., McLennan, I. S. & Koishi, K. The structure of the TGF-\u03b2 latency associated peptide region determines the ability of the proprotein convertase furin to cleave TGF-\u03b2s. J. Cell. Biochem. 103, 311\u2013320 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"1237_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63970-3","volume":"158","author":"CM Dubois","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dubois, C. M. & Blanchette, F. Evidence that furin is an authentic transforming growth factor-b1-converting enzyme. Am. J. Pathol. 158, 305\u2013316 (2001).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"1237_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.06.026","volume":"296","author":"TS Hussein","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hussein, T. S., Thompson, J. G. & Gilchrist, R. B. Oocyte-secreted factors enhance oocyte developmental competence. Dev. Biol. 296, 514\u2013521 (2006).","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"1237_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2010.01739.x","volume":"46","author":"F Paulini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paulini, F. & Melo, E. O. The role of oocyte-secreted factors GDF9 and BMP15 in follicular development and Oogenesis. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 46, 354\u2013361 (2011).","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"1237_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/gzh013","volume":"17","author":"P Duckert","year":"2004","unstructured":"Duckert, P., Brunak, S. & Blom, N. Prediction of proprotein convertase cleavage sites. Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 17, 107\u2013112 (2004).","journal-title":"Protein Eng. Des. Sel."},{"key":"1237_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Soygur, B. et al. Sustained fertility from first-wave follicle oocytes that pause their growth. Preprint at bioRxiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2024.08.27.609995 (2024).","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.08.27.609995"},{"key":"1237_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5834","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14165834","volume":"14","author":"S Bochynska","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bochynska, S. et al. The final phases of ovarian aging: a tale of diverging functional trajectories. J. Clin. Med. 14, 5834 (2025).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"1237_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt486","volume":"23","author":"W Zheng","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zheng, W. et al. Two classes of ovarian primordial follicles exhibit distinct developmental dynamics and physiological functions. Hum. Mol. Genet. 23, 920\u2013928 (2014).","journal-title":"Hum. Mol. Genet."},{"key":"1237_CR54","unstructured":"Cox, E. & Takov, V. Embryology, ovarian follicle development. In StatPearls [Internet] (StatPearls Publishing, 2026)."},{"key":"1237_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dundovi\u0107, M., Zibar, L. & Malvasi, M. Anatomy and physiology of ovarian follicle. In Pick Up and Oocyte Management (eds Malvasi, A. & Baldini, D.) 21\u201336 (Springer, 2020).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-28741-2_2"},{"key":"1237_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136365","volume":"1","author":"A Gougeon","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gougeon, A. Dynamics of follicular growth in the human: a model from preliminary results. Hum. Reprod. 1, 81\u201387 (1986).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"1237_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmae025","volume":"30","author":"AE Peters","year":"2024","unstructured":"Peters, A. E. et al. Impact of Bisphenol A and its alternatives on oocyte health: a scoping review. Hum. Reprod. Update 30, 653\u2013691 (2024).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod. Update"},{"key":"1237_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det312","volume":"28","author":"R Machtinger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Machtinger, R. et al. Bisphenol-A and human oocyte maturation in vitro. Hum. Reprod. 28, 2735\u20132745 (2013).","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"1237_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2009-0033","volume":"23","author":"Q Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang, Q. et al. Maternal diabetes causes mitochondrial dysfunction and meiotic defects in murine oocytes. Mol. Endocrinol. 23, 1603\u20131612 (2009).","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"1237_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2015.03.007","volume":"31","author":"DPAF Braga","year":"2015","unstructured":"Braga, D. P. A. F. et al. The impact of food intake and social habits on embryo quality and the likelihood of blastocyst formation. Reprod. Biomed. Online 31, 30\u201338 (2015).","journal-title":"Reprod. Biomed. Online"},{"key":"1237_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adx0659","volume":"390","author":"EA Gaylord","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gaylord, E. A. et al. Comparative analysis of human and mouse ovaries across age. Science 390, eadx0659 (2025).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1237_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.182","volume":"10","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, J. et al. In vivo and in vitro activation of dormant primordial follicles by EGF treatment in mouse and human. Clin. Transl. Med. 10, e182 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."},{"key":"1237_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00095","volume":"127","author":"M Myers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Myers, M. et al. Methods for quantifying follicular numbers within the mouse ovary. Reproduction 127, 569\u2013580 (2004).","journal-title":"Reproduction"}],"container-title":["Nature Aging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43587-026-01237-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43587-026-01237-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43587-026-01237-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T09:03:23Z","timestamp":1791450203000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43587-026-01237-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["1237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43587-026-01237-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2662-8465"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2662-8465","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}