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However, conventional atlas updates require full reintegration of all datasets, creating scalability challenges that limit the timeliness and adaptability of biomedical research. Here we present multimodal integration with continual learning (MIRACLE), an online learning framework for scalable multimodal integration. Using dynamic architecture adaptation and data rehearsal, MIRACLE continually integrates diverse datasets while preserving biological fidelity. Across evaluations, MIRACLE achieves accurate online integration with substantially improved efficiency, refining and expanding atlases with new cross-modal, cross-tissue and cross-disease data. Applied to respiratory infections, it reveals both shared and pathogen-specific immune mechanisms in coronavirus disease 2019, influenza A and tuberculosis. 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