{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T07:54:25Z","timestamp":1793087665199,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":216,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Mosquitoes represent the most important pathogen vectors and are responsible for the spread of a wide variety of poorly treatable diseases. Wolbachia are obligate intracellular bacteria that are widely distributed among arthropods and collectively represents one of the most promising solutions for vector control. In particular, Wolbachia has been shown to limit the transmission of pathogens, and to dramatically affect the reproductive behavior of their host through its phage WO. While much research has focused on deciphering and exploring the biocontrol applications of these WO-related phenotypes, the extent and potential impact of the Wolbachia mobilome remain poorly appreciated. Notably, several Wolbachia plasmids, carrying WO-like genes and Insertion Sequences (IS), thus possibly interrelated to other genetic units of the endosymbiont, have been recently discovered. Here we investigated the diversity and biogeography of the first described plasmid of Wolbachia in Culex pipiens (pWCP) in several islands and continental countries around the world\u2014including Cambodia, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Thailand, and Mexico\u2014together with mosquito strains from colonies that evolved for 2 to 30 years in the laboratory. We used PCR and qPCR to determine the presence and copy number of pWCP in individual mosquitoes, and highly accurate Sanger sequencing to evaluate potential variations. Together with earlier observation, our results show that pWCP is omnipresent and strikingly conserved among Wolbachia populations within mosquitoes from distant geographies and environmental conditions. These data suggest a critical role for the plasmid in Wolbachia ecology and evolution, and the potential of a great tool for further genetic dissection and possible manipulation of this endosymbiont.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s43705-023-00248-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T13:02:49Z","timestamp":1682686969000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["pWCP is a widely distributed and highly conserved <i>Wolbachia<\/i> plasmid in <i>Culex pipiens<\/i> and <i>Culex quinquefasciatus<\/i> mosquitoes worldwide"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Amani","family":"Ghousein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, INRAE, CNRS, IRD , Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1054 , CNRS UMR5048 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4457-739X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jordan","family":"Tutagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, INRAE, CNRS, IRD , Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Schrieke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, INRAE, CNRS, IRD , Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2671-2463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Etienne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de D\u00e9moustication et de Recherches Entomologiques - Lutte Anti-Vectorielle (CEDRE - LAV), avenue Pasteur , 97201 Fort-de-France, Martinique, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Chaumeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University , Mae Sot, Thailand"},{"name":"Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastien","family":"Boyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Medical Entomology Unit , Phnom Penh, Cambodia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nonito","family":"Pages","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ASTRE, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE , Montpellier, France"},{"name":"CIRAD, UMR ASTRE , Guadeloupe, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Roiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, INRAE, CNRS, IRD , Montpellier, France"},{"name":"International Joint Laboratory ELDORADO, IRD\/UNAM , M\u00e9rida, M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Murat","family":"Eren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biological Laboratory , Woods Hole, Massachusetts, MA, USA"},{"name":"Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg , Oldenburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Cambray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), University of Montpellier, INSERM U1054 , CNRS UMR5048 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"Diversit\u00e9 des G\u00e9nomes et Interactions Microorganismes Insectes (DGIMI), University of Montpellier , INRAE UMR 1333 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2185-6583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Reveillaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, INRAE, CNRS, IRD , Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024011005465665900_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.12688\/gatesopenres.12844.3","article-title":"Scaled deployment of Wolbachia to protect the community from dengue and other Aedes transmitted arboviruses","volume":"2","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gates Open Res."},{"key":"2024011005465665900_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1006815","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006815","article-title":"The Wolbachia strain wAu provides highly efficient virus transmission blocking in Aedes aegypti","volume":"14","author":"Ant","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"2024011005465665900_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.11.007","article-title":"Establishment of Wolbachia strain wAlbB in Malaysian populations of Aedes aegypti for dengue control","volume":"29","author":"Nazni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2024011005465665900_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21391","article-title":"Prophage WO genes recapitulate and enhance Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility","volume":"543","author":"LePage","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2024011005465665900_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4987","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1800650115","article-title":"One prophage WO gene rescues cytoplasmic incompatibility in Drosophila 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