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Currently, the prevalence and genomic characterization of IMPKsp is largely unknown nationwide. Here we aimed to provide a general overview of the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of IMPKsp strains.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>61 IMPKsp strains were obtained from 13 provinces in China during 2016-2021. All strains were tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents by the microdilution broth method and sequenced with Illumina next-generation sequencing. We performed conjugation experiments on thirteen representative strains which were also sequenced by Oxford nanopore sequencing technology to characterize <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>IMP<\/jats:sub>-encoding plasmids.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We find that all IMPKsp strains display multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. All strains belong to 27 different STs. ST307 emerges as a principal IMP-producing sublineage. <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>IMP-4<\/jats:sub> is found to be the major isoform, followed by <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>IMP-38<\/jats:sub>. Seven incompatibility types of <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>IMP<\/jats:sub>-encoding plasmids are identified, including IncHI5 (32\/61, 52.5%), IncN-IncR (10\/61, 16.4%), IncFIB(K)-HI1B (7\/61, 11.5%), IncN (5\/61, 8.2%), IncN-IncFII (2\/61, 3.3%), IncFII (1\/61, 1.6%) and IncP (1\/61, 1.6%). The strains carrying IncHI5 and IncN plasmids belong to diverse ST types, indicating that these two plasmids may play an important role in the transmission of <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>IMP<\/jats:sub> genes among <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> spp. strains.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results highlight that multi-clonal transmission, multiple genetic environments and plasmid types play a major role in the dissemination process of <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>IMP<\/jats:sub> genes among <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> spp. IncHI5 type plasmids have the potential to be the main vectors mediating the spread of the <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>IMP<\/jats:sub> genes in <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic> spp.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00439-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T08:04:00Z","timestamp":1708502640000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Phenotypic and genomic characteristics of clinical IMP-producing Klebsiella spp. Isolates in China"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1989-6711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Congcong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaoling","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonglu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gongxiang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2174-7985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"439_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0315-1","volume":"18","author":"K Wyres","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wyres, K., Lam, M. & Holt, K. 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