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Defining the mechanisms of this control may be key to understanding how to replicate this functional cure in others.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In ECs and untreated non-EC patients, we compared IFN\u03b1 serum concentration, distribution of immune cell subsets, and frequency of cell markers associated with immune dysfunction. We also investigated the effect of an elevated dose of IFN\u03b1 on distinct subsets within dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and CD4+ and CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum IFN\u03b1 was undetectable in ECs, but all immune cell subsets from untreated non-EC patients were structurally and functionally impaired. We also show that the altered phenotype and function of these cell subsets in non-EC patients can be recapitulated when cells are stimulated in vitro with high-dose IFN\u03b1.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Elevated IFN\u03b1 is a key mediator of HIV pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00454-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T15:02:19Z","timestamp":1710860539000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Early elevated IFN\u03b1 is a key mediator of HIV pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Le","family":"Buanec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Schiavon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marine","family":"Merandet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"How-Kit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0013-6621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Bergerat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Fombellida-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0409-2497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armand","family":"Bensussan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-David","family":"Bouaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ars\u00e8ne","family":"Burny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"Darcis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongshuo","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad M.","family":"Sajadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyamasundaran","family":"Kottilil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3797-7910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert C.","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Zagury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"454_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2007.08.010","volume":"27","author":"SG Deeks","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deeks, S. 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