{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:23:51Z","timestamp":1789709031074,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Med"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-024-00730-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T01:06:57Z","timestamp":1736212017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Artificial intelligence for hemodynamic monitoring with a wearable electrocardiogram monitor"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Daphne E.","family":"Schlesinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4332-4051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ridwan","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2362-8258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roey","family":"Ringel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Pomerantsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srikanth","family":"Devireddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinak","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Garasic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3415-242X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Collin M.","family":"Stultz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"730_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvac013","volume":"118","author":"G Savarese","year":"2022","unstructured":"Savarese, G. et al. Global burden of heart failure: a comprehensive and updated review of epidemiology. Cardiovasc. Res. 118, 3272\u20133287 (2022).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"730_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.110.957225","volume":"4","author":"SM Dunlay","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dunlay, S. M. et al. Lifetime costs of medical care after heart failure diagnosis. Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes 4, 68\u201375 (2011).","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes"},{"key":"730_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.121.008335","volume":"14","author":"MS Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan, M. S. et al. Trends in 30- and 90-day readmission rates for heart failure. Circ. Heart Fail. 14, e008335 (2021).","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"730_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.80.5.437","volume":"80","author":"A Michalsen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Michalsen, A., K\u00f6nig, G. & Thimme, W. Preventable causative factors leading to hospital admission with decompensated heart failure. Heart 80, 437\u2013441 (1998).","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"730_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.2.5.434","volume":"2","author":"DC Connolly","year":"1954","unstructured":"Connolly, D. C., Kirklin, J. W. & Wood, E. H. The relationship between pulmonary artery wedge pressure and left atrial pressure in man. Circ. Res. 2, 434\u2013440 (1954).","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"730_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90555-F","volume":"66","author":"ED Flores","year":"1990","unstructured":"Flores, E. D., Lange, R. A. & Hillis, L. D. Relation of mean pulmonary arterial wedge pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Am. J. Cardiol. 66, 1532\u20131533 (1990).","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"730_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aalders, M. & Kok, W. Comparison of hemodynamic factors predicting prognosis in heart failure: a systematic review. J. Clin. Med. 8, 1757 (2019).","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8101757"},{"key":"730_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2017.08.005","volume":"5","author":"J Mascherbauer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mascherbauer, J. et al. Wedge pressure rather than left ventricular end-diastolic pressure predicts outcome in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. JACC Heart Fail. 5, 795\u2013801 (2017).","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"730_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.05.052","volume":"70","author":"WT Abraham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abraham, W. T. & Perl, L. Implantable hemodynamic monitoring for heart failure patients. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 70, 389\u2013398 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"730_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60101-3","volume":"377","author":"WT Abraham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abraham, W. T. et al. Wireless pulmonary artery haemodynamic monitoring in chronic heart failure: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 377, 658\u2013666 (2011).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"730_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.783910","volume":"118","author":"MR Zile","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zile, M. R. et al. Transition from chronic compensated to acute decompensated heart failure: pathophysiological insights obtained from continuous monitoring of intracardiac pressures. Circulation 118, 1433\u20131441 (2008).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"730_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00344-6","volume":"30","author":"SF Nagueh","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nagueh, S. F., Middleton, K. J., Kopelen, H. A., Zoghbi, W. A. & Qui\u00f1ones, M. A. Doppler tissue imaging: a noninvasive technique for evaluation of left ventricular relaxation and estimation of filling pressures. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 30, 1527\u20131533 (1997).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"730_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8568356","volume":"2018","author":"S Tolia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tolia, S., Khan, Z., Gholkar, G. & Zughaib, M. Validating left ventricular filling pressure measurements in patients with congestive heart failure: CardioMEMS\u2122 pulmonary arterial diastolic pressure versus left atrial pressure measurement by transthoracic echocardiography. Cardiol. Res. Pract. 2018, 8568356 (2018).","journal-title":"Cardiol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"730_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.769778","volume":"1","author":"MH Drazner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Drazner, M. H. et al. Value of clinician assessment of hemodynamics in advanced heart failure. Circ. Heart Fail. 1, 170\u2013177 (2008).","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"730_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2022.100003","volume":"1","author":"DE Schlesinger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schlesinger, D. E. et al. A deep learning model for inferring elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressures from the 12-lead electrocardiogram. JACC Adv. 1, 1\u201311 (2022).","journal-title":"JACC Adv."},{"key":"730_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01754-2","volume":"398","author":"J Lindenfeld","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lindenfeld, J. et al. Haemodynamic-guided management of heart failure (GUIDE-HF): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 398, 991\u20131001 (2021).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"730_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.03.003","volume":"71","author":"JM Bumgarner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bumgarner, J. M. et al. Smartwatch algorithm for automated detection of atrial fibrillation. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 71, 2381\u20132388 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"730_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901183","volume":"381","author":"MV Perez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Perez, M. V. et al. Large-scale assessment of a smartwatch to identify atrial fibrillation. N. Engl. J. Med. 381, 1909\u20131917 (2019).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"730_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2018.0136","volume":"3","author":"GH Tison","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tison, G. H. et al. Passive detection of atrial fibrillation using a commercially available smartwatch. JAMA Cardiol. 3, 409\u2013416 (2018).","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"730_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.120.009260","volume":"14","author":"T Caillol","year":"2021","unstructured":"Caillol, T. et al. Accuracy of a smartwatch-derived ECG for diagnosing bradyarrhythmias, tachyarrhythmias, and cardiac ischemia. Circ. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. 14, e009260 (2021).","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol."},{"key":"730_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.03.097","volume":"266","author":"S Castelletti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Castelletti, S. et al. A wearable remote monitoring system for the identification of subjects with a prolonged QT interval or at risk for drug-induced long QT syndrome. Int. J. Cardiol. 266, 89\u201394 (2018).","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"730_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02053-1","volume":"28","author":"ZI Attia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Attia, Z. I. et al. Prospective evaluation of smartwatch-enabled detection of left ventricular dysfunction. Nat. Med. 28, 2497\u20132503 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"730_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelectrocard.2022.08.004","volume":"74","author":"R Funston","year":"2022","unstructured":"Funston, R. et al. Comparative study of a single lead ECG in a wearable device. J. Electrocardiol. 74, 88\u201393 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Electrocardiol."},{"key":"730_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvdhj.2022.07.071","volume":"3","author":"F Quartieri","year":"2022","unstructured":"Quartieri, F. et al. Artificial intelligence augments detection accuracy of cardiac insertable cardiac monitors: results from a pilot prospective observational study. Cardiovasc. Digit. Health J. 3, 201\u2013211 (2022).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Digit. Health J."},{"key":"730_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3923","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-30900-9","volume":"13","author":"A Raghu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raghu, A. et al. ECG-guided non-invasive estimation of pulmonary congestion in patients with heart failure. Sci. Rep. 13, 3923 (2023).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"730_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi067","volume":"26","author":"S Guzzetti","year":"2004","unstructured":"Guzzetti, S. et al. Different spectral components of 24 h heart rate variability are related to different modes of death in chronic heart failure. Eur. Heart J. 26, 357\u2013362 (2004).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"730_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00309-7","volume":"41","author":"A Nohria","year":"2003","unstructured":"Nohria, A. et al. Clinical assessment identifies hemodynamic profiles that predict outcomes in patients admitted with heart failure. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 41, 1797\u20131804 (2003).","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"730_CR28","unstructured":"Tenny, S. & Hoffman, M. R. StatPearls (StatPearls Publishing, 2023)."},{"key":"730_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4219","DOI":"10.19102\/icrm.2020.1100904","volume":"11","author":"JS Chinitz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chinitz, J. S. et al. Use of a smartwatch for assessment of the QT interval in outpatients with coronavirus disease 2019. J. Innov. Card. Rhythm Manag. 11, 4219\u20134222 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Innov. Card. Rhythm Manag."},{"key":"730_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048253","volume":"142","author":"M Strik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Strik, M. et al. Validating QT-interval measurement using the Apple Watch ECG to enable remote monitoring during the COVID-19 pandemic. Circulation 142, 416\u2013418 (2020).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"730_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12976","volume":"27","author":"P Garabelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garabelli, P. et al. Comparison of QT interval readings in normal sinus rhythm between a smartphone heart monitor and a 12-lead ECG for healthy volunteers and inpatients receiving sotalol or dofetilide. J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 27, 827\u2013832 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"730_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2023.154281","volume":"76","author":"G Martelli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martelli, G. et al. Echocardiographic assessment of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure by E\/e\u2019 ratio: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Crit. Care 76, 154281 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Crit. Care"},{"key":"730_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7120-8-14","volume":"8","author":"M Cameli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cameli, M. et al. Left atrial longitudinal strain by speckle tracking echocardiography correlates well with left ventricular filling pressures in patients with heart failure. Cardiovasc. Ultrasound 8, 14 (2010).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Ultrasound"},{"key":"730_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jes216","volume":"14","author":"M Galderisi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Galderisi, M. et al. Site-dependency of the E\/e\u2032 ratio in predicting invasive left ventricular filling pressure in patients with suspected or ascertained coronary artery disease. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging 14, 555\u2013561 (2012).","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"730_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cowie, B., Kluger, R., Rex, S. & Missant, C. Noninvasive estimation of left atrial pressure with transesophageal echocardiography. Ann. Card. Anaesth. 18, 312\u2013316 (2015).","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9784.159799"},{"key":"730_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.13595","volume":"34","author":"B Hewing","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hewing, B. et al. Left atrial strain predicts hemodynamic parameters in cardiovascular patients. Echocardiography 34, 1170\u20131178 (2017).","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"730_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s13239-022-00617-3","volume":"13","author":"PL Rajbhandary","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rajbhandary, P. L., Nallathambi, G., Selvaraj, N., Tran, T. & Colliou, O. ECG signal quality assessments of a small bipolar single-lead wearable patch sensor. Cardiovasc. Eng. Technol. 13, 783\u2013796 (2022).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"730_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12053","volume":"36","author":"MA Rosenberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosenberg, M. A., Samuel, M., Thosani, A. & Zimetbaum, P. J. Use of a noninvasive continuous monitoring device in the management of atrial fibrillation: a pilot study. Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol. 36, 328\u2013333 (2013).","journal-title":"Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"730_CR39","unstructured":"Schlesinger, D., Alam, R. & Stultz, C. M. Website: https:\/\/github.com\/mit-ccrg\/CHAIS."}],"container-title":["Communications Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43856-024-00730-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43856-024-00730-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43856-024-00730-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T02:02:13Z","timestamp":1736215333000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43856-024-00730-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["730"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43856-024-00730-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-664X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-664X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"D.E.S., R.A., and C.M.S. are named inventors on a patent submitted by MIT related to hemodynamic prediction from wearable device data. Authors R.R., E.P., S.D., P.S., and J.G. have no competing interests. This work is funded by Quanta Computer, who also provided the ECG patch-monitors used in this study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"4"}}