{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T18:52:12Z","timestamp":1776279132720,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024-0267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-0267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-00467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-00467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024-0267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-0267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-00467"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-00467"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research grants from Region Stockholm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Med"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Opioids are essential medicines for pain management; however, long-term use is associated with negative outcomes, including addiction. The aim of the study was to analyze the risk of long-term use after an initial opioid prescription and examine associated sociodemographic and health care-related risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We identified a strictly defined, five-year opioid-na\u00efve population of adults aged 18\u201364 years who received an initial opioid prescription between 2016 and 2020 in Swedish national registers. We modeled the association between individual characteristics and odds of long-term (\u2009&gt;\u20093 months) versus short-term (\u2009\u2264\u20093 months) use, and odds of different durations of use (\u2009&gt;\u20093\u20136, &gt;6\u201312, and &gt;12 months) using logistic regression analyses.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of 754,982 opioid-na\u00efve individuals with an initial opioid prescription, 8.1% use opioids long-term. Individuals treated for a recent external injury have lower odds of long-term opioid use (e.g., &gt;12 vs \u22643 months: OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.52\u20130.59), whereas those who initiated treatment in primary care have higher odds (e.g., &gt;12 vs \u22643 months: OR 3.02, 95% CI 2.90\u20133.14). Individuals with a history of substance use disorders and greater use of psycholeptic drugs have higher odds of long-term use. Sociodemographic factors, including older age, lower education level, and not cohabiting are also associated with longer durations of use.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of opioid-na\u00efve individuals, 8.1% develop long-term prescription opioid use, with higher odds among individuals with psychiatric history and whose opioid treatment initiated in primary care. Careful evaluation of patient health and regular follow-up are essential to reduce the risk of long-term opioid use.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-01135-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T13:03:16Z","timestamp":1758114196000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A national cohort study of long-term opioid prescription and sociodemographic and health care-related risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3716-5752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecilia","family":"Kr\u00fcger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Franck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H\u00e4rje","family":"Widing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1658-9345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonas","family":"H\u00e4llgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8254-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Gissler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeanette","family":"Westman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1135_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7103a1","volume":"71","author":"D Dowell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dowell, D., Ragan, K. R., Jones, C. M., Baldwin, G. T. & Chou, R. CDC clinical practice guideline for prescribing opioids for pain - United States, 2022. MMWR Recomm. Rep. 71, 1\u201395 (2022).","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep."},{"key":"1135_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2559","volume":"162","author":"R Chou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chou, R. et al. The effectiveness and risks of long-term opioid therapy for chronic pain: a systematic review for a National Institutes of Health Pathways to Prevention Workshop. Ann. Intern. Med. 162, 276\u2013286 (2015).","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"1135_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.5794","volume":"309","author":"D Dowell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dowell, D., Kunins, H. V. & Farley, T. A. Opioid analgesics-risky drugs, not risky patients. 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