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We aimed to evaluate the importance of a wide range of potential risk factors for being diagnosed with post-COVID-19 condition (PCC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used data from national and regional registers and databases for all adult residents in the two largest regions in Sweden. Individuals with a first COVID-19 between 1 August 2020 and 9 February 2022 were included and followed until PCC diagnosis, censoring (death or migration), or 30 November 2023. Using Cox proportional hazards models and backwards stepwise selection, we evaluated a large set of risk factors including sociodemographic data, comorbidities, healthcare contact behaviors, COVID-19-related factors, as well as PCC in family and cohabitants (as proxies for genetics and shared environment).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We include 810,851 individuals (age range 18-106 years and 53.3% women), of whom 1.4% are diagnosed with PCC during follow-up. Female sex, older age, being born outside Sweden, higher educational attainment, essential workers, having comorbidities such as thromboembolic disease, asthma, fibromyalgia, depression\/anxiety, and stress-related disorders, being infected earlier in the study period, experiencing severe acute COVID-19, not being vaccinated before COVID-19, and having a relative or a cohabitant with PCC are associated with an increased risk of being diagnosed with PCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this large population-based cohort study, our exploratory analysis reveals several risk factors for being diagnosed with PCC. Our findings can serve as a basis for future targeting of preventive measures against PCC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-01157-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T13:12:45Z","timestamp":1761829965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring predictors of post-COVID-19 condition among 810 851 individuals in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Yiyi","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1127-0829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Sigstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5920-3801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa","family":"Lundberg-Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Gissl\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0964-6137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon B.","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0892-5668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredrik","family":"Nyberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0737-8642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Bygdell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1157_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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MG: No active conflicts after September 2023. Earlier, MG has received research grants from Gilead Sciences and honorariums as speaker, been a member of the data safety and monitoring board and scientific advisor for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline\/ViiV Healthcare, Janssen-Cilag, MSD, Novocure, Novo Nordic, Pfizer, and Sanofi. FN: Owns some AstraZeneca shares.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"445"}}