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We investigated associations between plasma biomarkers of amyloid-beta, tau, neuroaxonal injury, and glial activation with cognitive performance among community-dwelling Hispanic\/Latino adults in the United States.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We analyzed cross-sectional data from 5730 adults aged 50 years and older (unweighted; mean [SD], 63.5 [8.2] years) in the\n                      <jats:italic>Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging<\/jats:italic>\n                      (SOL-INCA; 2016\u20132018). Plasma concentrations of amyloid-beta (A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42\/40<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), phosphorylated tau-181 (pTau-181), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were quantified (Quanterix Simoa HD-X) and log-transformed (ln). Cognitive performance was assessed across domain-specific scores (learning, memory, verbal fluency, and executive functioning\/processing speed) used to calculate global cognitive performance. Survey-weighted linear regression models were used to examine associations between plasma biomarkers and cognitive performance, adjusting for sociodemographic, cardiometabolic, kidney, and APOE \u03b54 covariates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Here we show higher ln(pTau-181) and ln(NfL) are associated with lower global cognitive performance (b\n                      <jats:sub>pTau-181<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.06; 95%CI\u2009=\u2009[\u22120.12;\u22120.01];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.022; b\n                      <jats:sub>NfL<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.07; 95%CI\u2009=\u2009[\u22120.12;\u22120.02];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005). Lower ln(A\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>42\/40<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) is associated with poorer verbal fluency, higher ln(pTau-181) is associated with poorer learning and memory, and higher ln(NfL) is associated with learning and executive functioning\/processing speed. We find ln(GFAP) is not significantly associated with cognitive performance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plasma biomarkers related to Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathophysiology and broader neurodegenerative processes are associated with cognitive performance among Hispanic\/Latino adults. These findings highlight the potential utility of blood-based biomarkers for identifying early cognitive vulnerability in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-01295-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T05:34:42Z","timestamp":1765776882000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Alzheimer\u2019s disease plasma biomarkers are associated with cognitive performance among Hispanic\/Latino adults"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9916-9225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Freddie","family":"M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wassim","family":"Tarraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Kuwayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deisha F.","family":"Valencia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariana M.","family":"Stickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2652-2897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard B.","family":"Lipton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7355-4915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando D.","family":"Testai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9179-1539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha Z.","family":"Anita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin A.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2700-9593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen R.","family":"Isasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Talavera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6791-8727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martha","family":"Daviglus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4945-6733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianwen","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haibo","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6195-3241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas","family":"Galasko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3678-5888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda C.","family":"Gallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1914-2693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles","family":"DeCarli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6968-6985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bharat","family":"Thyagarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector M.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1295_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5143","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.13859","volume":"20","author":"CR Jack Jr","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jack, C. 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