{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T00:16:19Z","timestamp":1769645779656,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Commun Med"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-01318-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T13:53:44Z","timestamp":1768398824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Natural history of simple and complex cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease on MRI"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9258-5459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongxiu","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caden","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon D.","family":"Blumenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9883-0584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin R.","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1318_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp0804458","volume":"359","author":"JJ Grantham","year":"2008","unstructured":"Grantham, J. J. Clinical practice. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. N. Engl. J. Med 359, 1477\u20131485 (2008).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"1318_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013101138","volume":"26","author":"MV Irazabal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Irazabal, M. V. et al. Imaging classification of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: a simple model for selecting patients for clinical trials. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 26, 160\u2013172 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"1318_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054341","volume":"354","author":"JJ Grantham","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grantham, J. J. et al. Volume progression in polycystic kidney disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 354, 2122\u20132130 (2006).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"1318_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.12.023","volume":"95","author":"ASL Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu, A. S. L. et al. Long-term trajectory of kidney function in autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney Int 95, 1253\u20131261 (2019).","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"1318_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62776-8","volume":"14","author":"Z Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu, Z. et al. Improved predictions of total kidney volume growth rate in ADPKD using two-parameter least squares fitting. Sci. Rep. 14, 13794 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"1318_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000130","volume":"34","author":"FJ Borrego Utiel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Borrego Utiel, F. J. & Espinosa Hernandez, M. How to estimate kidney growth in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 34, 944\u2013950 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"1318_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2023.06.002","volume":"30","author":"MB Lanktree","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lanktree, M. B., Kline, T. & Pei, Y. Assessing the risk of progression to kidney failure in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Adv. Kidney Dis. Health 30, 407\u2013416 (2023).","journal-title":"Adv. Kidney Dis. Health"},{"key":"1318_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.024","volume":"77","author":"Y Cho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cho, Y. et al. Establishing a core outcome set for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: report of the standardized outcomes in nephrology-polycystic kidney disease (SONG-PKD) consensus workshop. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 77, 255\u2013263 (2021).","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"1318_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-021-00452-3","volume":"34","author":"AV Gregory","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gregory, A. V. et al. Semantic instance segmentation of kidney cysts in MR images: a fully automated 3D approach developed through active learning. J. Digit Imaging 34, 773\u2013787 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Digit Imaging"},{"key":"1318_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.01.010","volume":"104","author":"AV Gregory","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gregory, A. V. et al. Utility of new image-derived biomarkers for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease prognosis using automated instance cyst segmentation. Kidney Int. 104, 334\u2013342 (2023).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"1318_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27360","volume":"53","author":"S Riyahi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Riyahi, S. et al. Hemorrhagic cysts and other MR biomarkers for predicting renal dysfunction progression in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J. Magn. Reson Imaging 53, 564\u2013576 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson Imaging"},{"key":"1318_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-022-01562-z","volume":"36","author":"T Suwabe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Suwabe, T. et al. Acute renal intracystic hemorrhage in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. J. Nephrol. 36, 999\u20131010 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Nephrol."},{"key":"1318_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019182646","volume":"292","author":"SG Silverman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Silverman, S. G. et al. Bosniak classification of cystic renal masses, version 2019: an update proposal and needs assessment. Radiology 292, 475\u2013488 (2019).","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"1318_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-012-0650-2","volume":"16","author":"T Suwabe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Suwabe, T. et al. Clinical features of cyst infection and hemorrhage in ADPKD: new diagnostic criteria. Clin. Exp. Nephrol. 16, 892\u2013902 (2012).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Nephrol."},{"key":"1318_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01870309","volume":"4","author":"M Sallee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sallee, M. et al. Cyst infections in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 4, 1183\u20131189 (2009).","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"1318_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-020-01928-2","volume":"24","author":"T Suwabe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suwabe, T. Cyst infection in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: our experience at Toranomon Hospital and future issues. Clin. Exp. Nephrol. 24, 748\u2013761 (2020).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Nephrol."},{"key":"1318_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergen.2015.11.002","volume":"209","author":"W Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang, W. et al. Papillary renal cell carcinoma with a somatic mutation in MET in a patient with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Cancer Genet 209, 11\u201320 (2016).","journal-title":"Cancer Genet"},{"key":"1318_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.07.009","volume":"107","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes AWG.","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes AWG. KDIGO 2025 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation, management, and treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Kidney Int. 107, S1\u2013S239 (2025).","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"1318_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008050507","volume":"20","author":"Y Pei","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pei, Y. et al. Unified criteria for ultrasonographic diagnosis of ADPKD. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 20, 205\u2013212 (2009).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"1318_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953","volume":"385","author":"LA Inker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Inker, L. A. et al. New creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations to estimate GFR without race. N. Engl. J. Med 385, 1737\u20131749 (2021).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"1318_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He X. et al. Test retest reproducibility of organ volume measurements in ADPKD using 3D multimodality deep learning. Acad. Radiol. 31, 889\u2013899 (2023).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2023.09.009"},{"key":"1318_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-018-1617-8","volume":"23","author":"E Higashihara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Higashihara, E. et al. Age- and height-adjusted total kidney volume growth rate in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney diseases. Clin. Exp. Nephrol. 23, 100\u2013111 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Nephrol."},{"key":"1318_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2009040421","volume":"21","author":"JM Shillingford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shillingford, J. M., Piontek, K. B., Germino, G. G. & Weimbs, T. Rapamycin ameliorates PKD resulting from conditional inactivation of Pkd1. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 21, 489\u2013497 (2010).","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"1318_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11918-y","volume":"10","author":"EC Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee, E. C. et al. Discovery and preclinical evaluation of anti-miR-17 oligonucleotide RGLS4326 for the treatment of polycystic kidney disease. Nat. Commun. 10, 4148 (2019).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1318_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4765","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32543-2","volume":"13","author":"R Lakhia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lakhia, R. et al. PKD1 and PKD2 mRNA cis-inhibition drives polycystic kidney disease progression. Nat. Commun. 13, 4765 (2022).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1318_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4320","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18104-5","volume":"11","author":"I Cabrita","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cabrita, I. et al. Cyst growth in ADPKD is prevented by pharmacological and genetic inhibition of TMEM16A in vivo. Nat. Commun. 11, 4320 (2020).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"1318_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1205511","volume":"367","author":"VE Torres","year":"2012","unstructured":"Torres, V. E. et al. Tolvaptan in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. N. Engl. J. Med 367, 2407\u20132418 (2012).","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med"},{"key":"1318_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.04.002","volume":"9","author":"Y Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Bu, S., Tao, C., Bae, K. T. & Group, H. P. K. D. S. Deep learning-based automated imaging classification of ADPKD. Kidney Int Rep. 9, 1802\u20131809 (2024).","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep."},{"key":"1318_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00261-024-04243-6","volume":"49","author":"K Schumacher","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schumacher, K. et al. Quantitative susceptibility mapping for detection of kidney stones, hemorrhage differentiation, and cyst classification in ADPKD. Abdom. Radio. 49, 2285\u20132295 (2024).","journal-title":"Abdom. Radio."},{"key":"1318_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Safari M., Eidex Z., Chang C. W., Qiu R. L. J., Yang X. Advancing MRI reconstruction: a systematic review of deep learning and compressed sensing integration. ArXiv, (2025).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2025.108291"}],"container-title":["Communications Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43856-025-01318-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43856-025-01318-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43856-025-01318-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T13:15:01Z","timestamp":1769606101000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43856-025-01318-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1318"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43856-025-01318-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2730-664X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2730-664X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Dr. Blumenfeld reports research support for an unrelated project from Vertex. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"62"}}