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Whole genome sequencing was analysed by Kleborate and Kaptive. Epidemiological background, disease phenotype, virulence genes, and antimicrobial susceptibility were analysed. Genotypically defined hvKP (g-hvKP) were defined as having\n                      <jats:italic>iucA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>iroB<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>rmpA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>rmpA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>peg<\/jats:italic>\n                      -\n                      <jats:italic>344<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Others were defined as classical\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (cKP). Genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to identify additional genes associated with hvKP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The commonest K types are K2 (13.9%) and K1 (10.6%). The commonest ST is ST 23 (8.8%). g-hvKP represents 20.8% of all isolates. The ESBL phenotype is more likely in cKP than g-hvKP (22%\n                      <jats:italic>vs<\/jats:italic>\n                      9%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04). g-hvKP are more susceptible to cephalosporins (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.02) and fluoroquinolones (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01). Among liver abscess cases, 49% of them are c-KP. g-hvKP is associated with neither mortality, disease severity, nor metastatic infection. g-hvKP has a sensitivity of 46% and a specificity of 86% in detecting liver abscesses or metastatic infections. By omitting\n                      <jats:italic>rmpA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      , F1 score improves from 0.46 to 0.51. GWAS reveals\n                      <jats:italic>cysH3<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>pfeA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>aidA<\/jats:italic>\n                      as additional candidate genes linked to hvKP.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Significant overlap in disease phenotype exists between cKP and g-hvKP. Additional candidate genes linked to hvKP are\n                      <jats:italic>cysH3<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>pfeA2<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>aidA<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-026-01613-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T16:43:12Z","timestamp":1779900192000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Revisiting definitions of hypervirulent and classical Klebsiella pneumoniae through virulence factors and disease phenotype"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Alfred Lok-Hang","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6773-7002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita WY","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8591-5944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher KC","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Chi-Wai","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing Shan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9627-4468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lap-Tin","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid Yu-Ying","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viola Chi-Ying","family":"Chow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1291-6537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1613_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1093\/femsre\/fux013","volume":"41","author":"S Navon-Venezia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Navon-Venezia, S., Kondratyeva, K. & Carattoli, A. 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