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Non-financial: he has served in advisory roles with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the European Medicines Agency, and the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency; these agencies did not review, endorse, or contribute to this manuscript. Financial: he holds equity interests in RNA Therapeutics, DEI Biopharma, BioRx, and Abyolo, companies active in therapeutic modality classes discussed in this review. No specific product of these entities is evaluated or endorsed herein. The author acknowledges that these interests may constitute a class-level competing interest with respect to the therapeutic modalities discussed.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"513"}}