{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:00:20Z","timestamp":1792270820769,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006603","name":"NSF | NSF Office of the Director | Office of Diversity and Inclusion","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S10-OD025312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10-OD025312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006603","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RF1-AG084072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RF1-AG084072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000070","name":"U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-EB032169, R01-EB028297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-EB032169, R01-EB028297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000070","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nat Cardiovasc Res"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-025-00722-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T09:07:35Z","timestamp":1758791255000},"page":"1424-1438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Assessing cerebral microvascular volumetric with high-resolution 4D cerebral blood volume MRI at 7\u2009T"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3968-8455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanhua","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3343-3895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qinyang","family":"Shou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"Jann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingfeng","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0840-7062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danny JJ","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"722_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20171280","volume":"132","author":"Y Shi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shi, Y., Thrippleton, M. J., Marshall, I. & Wardlaw, J. M. Intracranial pulsatility in patients with cerebral small vessel disease: a systematic review. Clin. Sci. (Lond.) 132, 157\u2013171 (2018).","journal-title":"Clin. Sci. (Lond.)"},{"key":"722_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.118.022516","volume":"50","author":"LJ Geurts","year":"2019","unstructured":"Geurts, L. J., Zwanenburg, J. J. M., Klijn, C. J. M., Luijten, P. R. & Biessels, G. J. Higher pulsatility in cerebral perforating arteries in patients with small vessel disease related stroke, a 7T MRI study. Stroke 50, 62\u201368 (2019).","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"722_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09620-6","volume":"267","author":"J Birnefeld","year":"2020","unstructured":"Birnefeld, J., Wahlin, A., Eklund, A. & Malm, J. Cerebral arterial pulsatility is associated with features of small vessel disease in patients with acute stroke and TIA: a 4D flow MRI study. J. Neurol. 267, 721\u2013730 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Neurol."},{"key":"722_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X18803956","volume":"40","author":"Y Shi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shi, Y. et al. Small vessel disease is associated with altered cerebrovascular pulsatility but not resting cerebral blood flow. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 40, 85\u201399 (2020).","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"722_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.01.001","volume":"373","author":"JS Lim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lim, J. S., Lee, J. Y., Kwon, H. M. & Lee, Y. S. The correlation between cerebral arterial pulsatility and cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients. J. Neurol. Sci. 373, 285\u2013288 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"722_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2010.09.002","volume":"7","author":"AE Roher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roher, A. E. et al. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound blood flow velocity and pulsatility index as systemic indicators for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 7, 445\u2013455 (2011).","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"722_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X16661340","volume":"37","author":"LA Rivera-Rivera","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rivera-Rivera, L. A. et al. Changes in intracranial venous blood flow and pulsatility in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a 4D flow MRI study. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 37, 2149\u20132158 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"722_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170349","volume":"60","author":"CP Chung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chung, C. P., Lee, H. Y., Lin, P. C. & Wang, P. N. Cerebral artery pulsatility is associated with cognitive impairment and predicts dementia in individuals with subjective memory decline or mild cognitive impairment. J. Alzheimers Dis. 60, 625\u2013632 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Alzheimers Dis."},{"key":"722_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18190","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1592-13.2013","volume":"33","author":"JJ Iliff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iliff, J. J. et al. Cerebral arterial pulsation drives paravascular CSF\u2013interstitial fluid exchange in the murine brain. J. Neurosci. 33, 18190\u201318199 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"722_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(74)90099-5","volume":"45","author":"HF Cserr","year":"1974","unstructured":"Cserr, H. F. & Ostrach, L. H. Bulk flow of interstitial fluid after intracranial injection of Blue Dextran 2000. Exp. Neurol. 45, 50\u201360 (1974).","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"722_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)91275-6","volume":"545","author":"T Ichimura","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ichimura, T., Fraser, P. A. & Cserr, H. F. Distribution of extracellular tracers in perivascular spaces of the rat brain. Brain Res. 545, 103\u2013113 (1991).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"722_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2003.11.006","volume":"45","author":"NJ Abbott","year":"2004","unstructured":"Abbott, N. J. Evidence for bulk flow of brain interstitial fluid: significance for physiology and pathology. Neurochem. Int. 45, 545\u2013552 (2004).","journal-title":"Neurochem. Int."},{"key":"722_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1581-6","volume":"40","author":"NA Jessen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jessen, N. A., Munk, A. S., Lundgaard, I. & Nedergaard, M. The glymphatic system: a beginner\u2019s guide. Neurochem. Res. 40, 2583\u20132599 (2015).","journal-title":"Neurochem. Res."},{"key":"722_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1606-5","volume":"132","author":"B Engelhardt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Engelhardt, B. et al. Vascular, glial, and lymphatic immune gateways of the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol. 132, 317\u2013338 (2016).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"722_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90603","volume":"127","author":"A Louveau","year":"2017","unstructured":"Louveau, A. et al. Understanding the functions and relationships of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics. J. Clin. Invest. 127, 3210\u20133219 (2017).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"722_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30318-1","volume":"17","author":"MK Rasmussen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rasmussen, M. K., Mestre, H. & Nedergaard, M. The glymphatic pathway in neurological disorders. Lancet Neurol. 17, 1016\u20131024 (2018).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"722_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-020-01077-9","volume":"20","author":"CD McKnight","year":"2020","unstructured":"McKnight, C. D., Rouleau, R. M., Donahue, M. J. & Claassen, D. O. The regulation of cerebral spinal fluid flow and its relevance to the glymphatic system. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. 20, 58 (2020).","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"722_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07318-3","volume":"9","author":"H Mestre","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mestre, H. et al. Flow of cerebrospinal fluid is driven by arterial pulsations and is reduced in hypertension. Nat. Commun. 9, 4878 (2018).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"722_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadk8511","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adk8511","volume":"383","author":"L Jammal Salameh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jammal Salameh, L., Bitzenhofer, S. H., Hanganu-Opatz, I. L., Dutschmann, M. & Egger, V. Blood pressure pulsations modulate central neuronal activity via mechanosensitive ion channels. Science 383, eadk8511 (2024).","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"722_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1988.tb09487.x","volume":"95","author":"RS Thompson","year":"1988","unstructured":"Thompson, R. S., Trudinger, B. J. & Cook, C. M. Doppler ultrasound waveform indices: A\/B ratio, pulsatility index and Pourcelot ratio. Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 95, 581\u2013588 (1988).","journal-title":"Br. J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"722_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A3442","volume":"34","author":"A Wahlin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wahlin, A. et al. Measuring pulsatile flow in cerebral arteries using 4D phase-contrast MR imaging. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 34, 1740\u20131745 (2013).","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"722_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A2166","volume":"31","author":"A Wahlin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wahlin, A. et al. Assessment of craniospinal pressure-volume indices. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 31, 1645\u20131650 (2010).","journal-title":"AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol."},{"key":"722_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2022.12.005","volume":"96","author":"M van den Kerkhof","year":"2023","unstructured":"van den Kerkhof, M., Jansen, J. F. A., van Oostenbrugge, R. J. & Backes, W. H. 1D versus 3D blood flow velocity and pulsatility measurements of lenticulostriate arteries at 7T MRI. Magn. Reson. Imaging 96, 144\u2013150 (2023).","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"722_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.11.005","volume":"96","author":"L Huber","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huber, L. et al. High-resolution CBV-fMRI allows mapping of laminar activity and connectivity of cortical input and output in human M1. Neuron 96, 1253\u20131263 (2017).","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"722_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120251","volume":"277","author":"C Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, C. et al. Whole-cerebrum distortion-free three-dimensional pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling at 7T. Neuroimage 277, 120251 (2023).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"722_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(81)90007-1","volume":"7","author":"HM Duvernoy","year":"1981","unstructured":"Duvernoy, H. M., Delon, S. & Vannson, J. L. Cortical blood vessels of the human brain. Brain Res. Bull. 7, 519\u2013579 (1981).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"722_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.26094","volume":"44","author":"A Akbari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Akbari, A., Bollmann, S., Ali, T. S. & Barth, M. Modelling the depth-dependent VASO and BOLD responses in human primary visual cortex. Hum. Brain Mapp. 44, 710\u2013726 (2023).","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"722_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.219","volume":"35","author":"EA Warnert","year":"2015","unstructured":"Warnert, E. A., Murphy, K., Hall, J. E. & Wise, R. G. Noninvasive assessment of arterial compliance of human cerebral arteries with short inversion time arterial spin labeling. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 35, 461\u2013468 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"722_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2018.2808","volume":"76","author":"DE Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim, D. E. et al. Mapping the supratentorial cerebral arterial territories using 1160 large artery infarcts. JAMA Neurol. 76, 72\u201380 (2019).","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol."},{"key":"722_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00208","volume":"10","author":"MD Schirmer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schirmer, M. D. et al. Spatial signature of white matter hyperintensities in stroke patients. Front. Neurol. 10, 208 (2019).","journal-title":"Front. Neurol."},{"key":"722_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(00)00068-X","volume":"64","author":"E Farkas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Farkas, E. & Luiten, P. G. Cerebral microvascular pathology in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Prog. Neurobiol. 64, 575\u2013611 (2001).","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"722_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.6.1652","volume":"80","author":"R Kelly","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kelly, R., Hayward, C., Avolio, A. & O\u2019Rourke, M. Noninvasive determination of age-related changes in the human arterial pulse. Circulation 80, 1652\u20131659 (1989).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"722_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09752-7","volume":"7","author":"DD Garrett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Garrett, D. D., Lindenberger, U., Hoge, R. D. & Gauthier, C. J. Age differences in brain signal variability are robust to multiple vascular controls. Sci. Rep. 7, 10149 (2017).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"722_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2009.12.007","volume":"28","author":"SS Kannurpatti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kannurpatti, S. S., Motes, M. A., Rypma, B. & Biswal, B. B. Neural and vascular variability and the fMRI-BOLD response in normal aging. Magn. Reson. Imaging 28, 466\u2013476 (2010).","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"722_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X20927101","volume":"41","author":"SH Pahlavian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pahlavian, S. H. et al. Cerebroarterial pulsatility and resistivity indices are associated with cognitive impairment and white matter hyperintensity in elderly subjects: a phase-contrast MRI study. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 41, 670\u2013683 (2021).","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"722_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-021-09526-7","volume":"20","author":"KM van Hespen","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Hespen, K. M., Kuijf, H. J., Hendrikse, J., Luijten, P. R. & Zwanenburg, J. J. M. Blood flow velocity pulsatility and arterial diameter pulsatility measurements of the intracranial arteries using 4D PC-MRI. Neuroinformatics 20, 317\u2013326 (2022).","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"722_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28062","volume":"56","author":"RJ van Tuijl","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Tuijl, R. J. et al. Does the internal carotid artery attenuate blood-flow pulsatility in small vessel disease? A 7 T 4D-flow MRI study. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 56, 527\u2013535 (2022).","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"722_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.2174\/1874609811205020157","volume":"5","author":"MC Henry-Feugeas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Henry-Feugeas, M. C. & Koskas, P. Cerebral vascular aging: extending the concept of pulse wave encephalopathy through capillaries to the cerebral veins. Curr. Aging Sci. 5, 157\u2013167 (2012).","journal-title":"Curr. Aging Sci."},{"key":"722_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30073","volume":"92","author":"J Tang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tang, J. et al. Assessment of arterial pulsatility of cerebral perforating arteries using 7T high-resolution dual-VENC phase-contrast MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 92, 605\u2013617 (2024).","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"722_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28835","volume":"86","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, Y. et al. Three-dimensional assessment of brain arterial compliance: technical development, comparison with aortic pulse wave velocity, and age effect. Magn. Reson. Med. 86, 1917\u20131928 (2021).","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"722_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.11.046","volume":"107","author":"L Huber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huber, L. et al. Cortical lamina-dependent blood volume changes in human brain at 7 T. Neuroimage 107, 23\u201333 (2015).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"722_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2011.163","volume":"32","author":"AJ Kennerley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kennerley, A. J. et al. Early and late stimulus-evoked cortical hemodynamic responses provide insight into the neurogenic nature of neurovascular coupling. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 32, 468\u2013480 (2012).","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"722_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15246","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1006735107","volume":"107","author":"P Tian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tian, P. et al. Cortical depth-specific microvascular dilation underlies laminar differences in blood oxygenation level-dependent functional MRI signal. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 107, 15246\u201315251 (2010).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"722_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600590","volume":"28","author":"B Stefanovic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stefanovic, B. et al. Functional reactivity of cerebral capillaries. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 28, 961\u2013972 (2008).","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"722_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.11.032","volume":"35","author":"EM Hillman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hillman, E. M. et al. Depth-resolved optical imaging and microscopy of vascular compartment dynamics during somatosensory stimulation. Neuroimage 35, 89\u2013104 (2007).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"722_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcae299","volume":"6","author":"AA Toubasi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Toubasi, A. A. et al. Watershed regions are more susceptible to tissue microstructural injury in multiple sclerosis. Brain Commun. 6, fcae299 (2024).","journal-title":"Brain Commun."},{"key":"722_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2013.180","volume":"34","author":"S Purkayastha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Purkayastha, S. et al. Impaired cerebrovascular hemodynamics are associated with cerebral white matter damage. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 34, 228\u2013234 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"722_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq224","volume":"21","author":"H Lu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lu, H. et al. Alterations in cerebral metabolic rate and blood supply across the adult lifespan. Cereb. Cortex 21, 1426\u20131434 (2011).","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"722_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003748","volume":"4","author":"JJ Iliff","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iliff, J. J. et al. A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid beta. Sci. Transl. Med. 4, 147ra111 (2012).","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"722_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C. et al. MVP\u2010VSASL: measuring MicroVascular Pulsatility using velocity\u2010selective arterial spin labeling. Magn. Reson. Med. 93, 1516\u20131534 (2025).","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30370"},{"key":"722_CR51","unstructured":"Richard, K. Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2011)."},{"key":"722_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.66.1.8","volume":"66","author":"FM Faraci","year":"1990","unstructured":"Faraci, F. M. & Heistad, D. D. Regulation of large cerebral arteries and cerebral microvascular pressure. Circ. Res. 66, 8\u201317 (1990).","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"722_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.2.387","volume":"79","author":"MJ Davis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Davis, M. J. & Hill, M. A. Signaling mechanisms underlying the vascular myogenic response. Physiol. Rev. 79, 387\u2013423 (1999).","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"722_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvs135","volume":"95","author":"P Lacolley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lacolley, P., Regnault, V., Nicoletti, A., Li, Z. & Michel, J. B. The vascular smooth muscle cell in arterial pathology: a cell that can take on multiple roles. Cardiovasc. Res. 95, 194\u2013204 (2012).","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"722_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2864","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000069826.36125.B4","volume":"107","author":"ME Safar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Safar, M. E., Levy, B. I. & Struijker-Boudier, H. Current perspectives on arterial stiffness and pulse pressure in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Circulation 107, 2864\u20132869 (2003).","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"722_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0498-z","volume":"118","author":"RO Weller","year":"2009","unstructured":"Weller, R. O., Boche, D. & Nicoll, J. A. Microvasculature changes and cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and their potential impact on therapy. Acta Neuropathol. 118, 87\u2013102 (2009).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"722_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4161\/cam.22680","volume":"7","author":"LF Yousif","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yousif, L. F., Di Russo, J. & Sorokin, L. Laminin isoforms in endothelial and perivascular basement membranes. Cell Adh. Migr. 7, 101\u2013110 (2013).","journal-title":"Cell Adh. Migr."},{"key":"722_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1387","volume":"5","author":"C Iadecola","year":"2004","unstructured":"Iadecola, C. Neurovascular regulation in the normal brain and in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 5, 347\u2013360 (2004).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"722_CR59","unstructured":"Cipolla, M. J. The Cerebral Circulation (Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences, 2016)."},{"key":"722_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2005.07.005","volume":"238","author":"D Schley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schley, D., Carare-Nnadi, R., Please, C. P., Perry, V. H. & Weller, R. O. Mechanisms to explain the reverse perivascular transport of solutes out of the brain. J. Theor. Biol. 238, 962\u2013974 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"key":"722_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI67677","volume":"123","author":"JJ Iliff","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iliff, J. J. et al. Brain-wide pathway for waste clearance captured by contrast-enhanced MRI. J. Clin. Invest. 123, 1299\u20131309 (2013).","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"722_CR62","first-page":"F319","volume":"240","author":"HF Cserr","year":"1981","unstructured":"Cserr, H. F., Cooper, D. N., Suri, P. K. & Patlak, C. S. Efflux of radiolabeled polyethylene glycols and albumin from rat brain. Am. J. Physiol. 240, F319\u2013F328 (1981).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"722_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(85)91383-6","volume":"326","author":"ML Rennels","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rennels, M. L., Gregory, T. F., Blaumanis, O. R., Fujimoto, K. & Grady, P. A. Evidence for a \u2018paravascular\u2019 fluid circulation in the mammalian central nervous system, provided by the rapid distribution of tracer protein throughout the brain from the subarachnoid space. Brain Res. 326, 47\u201363 (1985).","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"722_CR64","first-page":"431","volume":"52","author":"ML Rennels","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rennels, M. L., Blaumanis, O. R. & Grady, P. A. Rapid solute transport throughout the brain via paravascular fluid pathways. Adv. Neurol. 52, 431\u2013439 (1990).","journal-title":"Adv. Neurol."},{"key":"722_CR65","first-page":"H2136","volume":"264","author":"MA Hajdu","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hajdu, M. A., McElmurry, R. T., Heistad, D. D. & Baumbach, G. L. Effects of aging on cerebral vascular responses to serotonin in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 264, H2136\u2013H2140 (1993).","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"722_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(92)90040-K","volume":"65","author":"HX Jiang","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jiang, H. X., Chen, P. C., Sobin, S. S. & Giannotta, S. L. Age related alterations in the response of the pial arterioles to adenosine in the rat. Mech. Ageing Dev. 65, 257\u2013276 (1992).","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"722_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2014.44","volume":"34","author":"T Tarumi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tarumi, T. et al. Cerebral hemodynamics in normal aging: central artery stiffness, wave reflection, and pressure pulsatility. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 34, 971\u2013978 (2014).","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"722_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(91)90080-4","volume":"12","author":"DG Linville","year":"1991","unstructured":"Linville, D. G. & Arneric, S. P. Cortical cerebral blood flow governed by the basal forebrain: age-related impairments. Neurobiol. Aging 12, 503\u2013510 (1991).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"722_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48494.x","volume":"826","author":"P Lacombe","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lacombe, P., Sercombe, R., Vaucher, E. & Seylaz, J. Reduced cortical vasodilatory response to stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in the aged rat and evidence for a control of the cerebral circulation. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 826, 410\u2013415 (1997).","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"722_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1993.1095","volume":"121","author":"WB Abernethy","year":"1993","unstructured":"Abernethy, W. B., Bell, M. A., Morris, M. & Moody, D. M. Microvascular density of the human paraventricular nucleus decreases with aging but not hypertension. Exp. Neurol. 121, 270\u2013274 (1993).","journal-title":"Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"722_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(94)00210-R","volume":"36","author":"F Amenta","year":"1995","unstructured":"Amenta, F. et al. Age-related changes in brain microanatomy: sensitivity to treatment with the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker darodipine (PY 108-068). Brain Res. Bull. 36, 453\u2013460 (1995).","journal-title":"Brain Res. Bull."},{"key":"722_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0047-6374(94)01513-L","volume":"78","author":"F Amenta","year":"1995","unstructured":"Amenta, F. et al. Effect of long-term treatment with the dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blocker darodipine (PY 108-068) on the cerebral capillary network in aged rats. Mech. Ageing Dev. 78, 27\u201337 (1995).","journal-title":"Mech. Ageing Dev."},{"key":"722_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3515","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.138.8.5330","volume":"138","author":"WE Sonntag","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sonntag, W. E., Lynch, C. D., Cooney, P. T. & Hutchins, P. M. Decreases in cerebral microvasculature with age are associated with the decline in growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1. Endocrinology 138, 3515\u20133520 (1997).","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"722_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(90)90003-I","volume":"11","author":"GI de Jong","year":"1990","unstructured":"de Jong, G. I., de Weerd, H., Schuurman, T., Traber, J. & Luiten, P. G. Microvascular changes in aged rat forebrain. Effects of chronic nimodipine treatment. Neurobiol. Aging 11, 381\u2013389 (1990).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"722_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(92)90012-M","volume":"13","author":"GI de Jong","year":"1992","unstructured":"de Jong, G. I., Jansen, A. S., Horvath, E., Gispen, W. H. & Luiten, P. G. Nimodipine effects on cerebral microvessels and sciatic nerve in aging rats. Neurobiol. Aging 13, 73\u201381 (1992).","journal-title":"Neurobiol. Aging"},{"key":"722_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44427.x","volume":"747","author":"PG Luiten","year":"1994","unstructured":"Luiten, P. G., de Jong, G. I. & Schuurman, T. Cerebrovascular, neuronal, and behavioral effects of long-term Ca2+ channel blockade in aging normotensive and hypertensive rat strains. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 747, 431\u2013451 (1994).","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"722_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010000227","volume":"100","author":"JI Keuker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Keuker, J. I., Luiten, P. G. & Fuchs, E. Capillary changes in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas of the aging rhesus monkey. Acta Neuropathol. 100, 665\u2013672 (2000).","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"722_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03617","volume":"65","author":"Z Sun","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sun, Z. Aging, arterial stiffness, and hypertension. Hypertension 65, 252\u2013256 (2015).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"722_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000128420.01881.aa","volume":"43","author":"GF Mitchell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mitchell, G. F. et al. Changes in arterial stiffness and wave reflection with advancing age in healthy men and women: the Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension 43, 1239\u20131245 (2004).","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"722_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e3182299496","volume":"42","author":"PB Gorelick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gorelick, P. B. et al. Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association. Stroke 42, 2672\u20132713 (2011).","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"722_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.10.1531","volume":"61","author":"ND Prins","year":"2004","unstructured":"Prins, N. D. et al. Cerebral white matter lesions and the risk of dementia. Arch. Neurol. 61, 1531\u20131534 (2004).","journal-title":"Arch. Neurol."},{"key":"722_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70104-6","volume":"9","author":"L Pantoni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pantoni, L. Cerebral small vessel disease: from pathogenesis and clinical characteristics to therapeutic challenges. Lancet Neurol. 9, 689\u2013701 (2010).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"722_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30079-1","volume":"18","author":"JM Wardlaw","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wardlaw, J. M., Smith, C. & Dichgans, M. Small vessel disease: mechanisms and clinical implications. Lancet Neurol. 18, 684\u2013696 (2019).","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"key":"722_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00269-y","volume":"7","author":"DS Knopman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Knopman, D. S. et al. Alzheimer disease. Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers 7, 33 (2021).","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"722_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.25846","volume":"75","author":"SL Talagala","year":"2016","unstructured":"Talagala, S. L., Sarlls, J. E., Liu, S. & Inati, S. J. Improvement of temporal signal-to-noise ratio of GRAPPA accelerated echo planar imaging using a FLASH based calibration scan. Magn. Reson. Med. 75, 2362\u20132371 (2016).","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"722_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.07.041","volume":"197","author":"L Huber","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huber, L., Uludag, K. & Moller, H. E. Non-BOLD contrast for laminar fMRI in humans: CBF, CBV, and CMRO2. Neuroimage 197, 742\u2013760 (2019).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"722_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28486","volume":"85","author":"R Stirnberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stirnberg, R. & Stocker, T. Segmented K-space blipped-controlled aliasing in parallel imaging for high spatiotemporal resolution EPI. Magn. Reson. Med. 85, 1540\u20131551 (2021).","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"722_CR88","unstructured":"Zhao, C. et al. Iso-1.25mm whole-cerebrum pCASL at 7T for mapping depth-dependent cortical gray matter and tract-specific white matter cerebral blood flow. In Proc. of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine https:\/\/archive.ismrm.org\/2024\/1264_4qbpVIPnW.html (2024)."},{"key":"722_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1006\/cbmr.1996.0014","volume":"29","author":"RW Cox","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cox, R. W. AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages. Comput. Biomed. Res. 29, 162\u2013173 (1996).","journal-title":"Comput. Biomed. Res."},{"key":"722_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395","volume":"9","author":"AM Dale","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dale, A. M., Fischl, B. & Sereno, M. I. Cortical surface-based analysis. I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction. Neuroimage 9, 179\u2013194 (1999).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"722_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.025","volume":"54","author":"BB Avants","year":"2011","unstructured":"Avants, B. B. et al. A reproducible evaluation of ANTs similarity metric performance in brain image registration. Neuroimage 54, 2033\u20132044 (2011).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"722_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.460020402","volume":"2","author":"KJ Friston","year":"1995","unstructured":"Friston, K. J. et al. Statistical parametric maps in functional imaging: a general linear approach. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2, 189\u2013210 (1995).","journal-title":"Hum. Brain Mapp."},{"key":"722_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24900","volume":"42","author":"E Schrauben","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schrauben, E. et al. Fast 4D flow MRI intracranial segmentation and quantification in tortuous arteries. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 42, 1458\u20131464 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"722_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25045","volume":"43","author":"M Loecher","year":"2016","unstructured":"Loecher, M., Schrauben, E., Johnson, K. M. & Wieben, O. Phase unwrapping in 4D MR flow with a 4D single-step laplacian algorithm. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 43, 833\u2013842 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Magn. Reson. Imaging"},{"key":"722_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.09.037","volume":"44","author":"ZS Saad","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saad, Z. S. et al. A new method for improving functional-to-structural MRI alignment using local Pearson correlation. Neuroimage 44, 839\u2013848 (2009).","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"722_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Waehnert, M. D. et al. Anatomically motivated modeling of cortical laminae. Neuroimage 93 Pt 2, 210\u2013220 (2014).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.03.078"},{"key":"722_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1177\/0271678X231153374","volume":"43","author":"M van den Kerkhof","year":"2023","unstructured":"van den Kerkhof, M. et al. Impaired damping of cerebral blood flow velocity pulsatility is associated with the number of perivascular spaces as measured with 7T MRI. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 43, 937\u2013946 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab."},{"key":"722_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10519","volume":"50","author":"H Lu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lu, H., Golay, X., Pekar, J. J. & Van Zijl, P. C. Functional magnetic resonance imaging based on changes in vascular space occupancy. Magn. Reson. Med. 50, 263\u2013274 (2003).","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"722_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.5.5.630","volume":"5","author":"RL Grubb Jr","year":"1974","unstructured":"Grubb, R. L. Jr, Raichle, M. E., Eichling, J. O. & Ter-Pogossian, M. M. The effects of changes in PaCO2 on cerebral blood volume, blood flow, and vascular mean transit time. Stroke 5, 630\u2013639 (1974).","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"722_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.21655","volume":"60","author":"AL Lin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lin, A. L. et al. Evaluation of MRI models in the measurement of CMRO2 and its relationship with CBF. Magn. Reson. Med. 60, 380\u2013389 (2008).","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"722_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2020.101897","volume":"207","author":"C Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, C. et al. Layer-dependent multiplicative effects of spatial attention on contrast responses in human early visual cortex. Prog. Neurobiol. 207, 101897 (2021).","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"722_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Qureshi, S. A., Mirza, S. M. & Arif, M. Fitness function evaluation for image reconstruction using binary genetic algorithm for parallel ray transmission tomography. In 2006 International Conference on Emerging Technologies 196\u2013201 (IEEE, 2006).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICET.2006.336012"},{"key":"722_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hore, A. & Ziou, D. Image quality metrics: PSNR vs. SSIM. In 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition 2366\u20132369 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICPR.2010.579 (IEEE, 2010).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPR.2010.579"},{"key":"722_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R89","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6579\/aa6782","volume":"38","author":"JM Karemaker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Karemaker, J. M. An introduction into autonomic nervous function. Physiol. Meas. 38, R89 (2017).","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"key":"722_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2594(200007)44:1<162::AID-MRM23>3.0.CO;2-E","volume":"44","author":"GH Glover","year":"2000","unstructured":"Glover, G. H., Li, T. Q. & Ress, D. Image-based method for retrospective correction of physiological motion effects in fMRI: RETROICOR. Magn. Reson. Med. 44, 162\u2013167 (2000).","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Med."},{"key":"722_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-020-0144-z","volume":"4","author":"LA van der Kleij","year":"2020","unstructured":"van der Kleij, L. A., De Vis, J. B., de Bresser, J., Hendrikse, J. & Siero, J. C. W. Arterial CO2 pressure changes during hypercapnia are associated with changes in brain parenchymal volume. Eur. Radiol. Exp. 4, 17 (2020).","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol. Exp."}],"container-title":["Nature Cardiovascular Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44161-025-00722-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44161-025-00722-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44161-025-00722-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T09:03:53Z","timestamp":1760519033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44161-025-00722-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["722"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44161-025-00722-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-0590"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-0590","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"N.J. is an employee of Siemens Healthineers, supporting the 4D-flow in this study. The other authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}