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Here we describe noninvasive measurements using mitochondrial heme\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    absorbances, which rapidly respond to \u0394\u03a8\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Multi-wavelength absorbance spectroscopy enabled their continuous monitoring in isolated mitochondria and the perfused heart. Calibration of heme\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    absorbance in isolated mitochondria revealed that reduced heme\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>\n                    relative to total reduced heme\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    (f\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/(\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>L<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009+\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>\n                    )) exhibits a sigmoidal relationship with \u0394\u03a8\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Extrapolating this relationship to the heart enabled estimation of \u0394\u03a8\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    as 166\u2009\u00b1\u200918\u2009mV (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200925, mean\u2009\u00b1\u2009s.d.). We used this approach to assess how \u0394\u03a8\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    changes during ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury, an unknown limiting the understanding of ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury. In perfused hearts, \u0394\u03a8\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    declined during ischemia and rapidly reestablished upon reperfusion, supported by oxidation of the succinate accumulated during ischemia. These findings expand our understanding of ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s44161-025-00752-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]],"date-time":"2025-12-11T16:02:09Z","timestamp":1765468929000},"page":"1627-1641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Rapid mitochondrial repolarization upon reperfusion after cardiac ischemia"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Abigail V.","family":"Giles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Covian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4753-8567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiran A.","family":"Prag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nils","family":"Burger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1646-1384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertrand","family":"Lucotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3106-9681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chak Shun","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5192-580X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Krieg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1115-9618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael P.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4086-0948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert S.","family":"Balaban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"752_CR1","first-page":"254","volume":"23","author":"ET Chouchani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chouchani, E. 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