{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T11:28:26Z","timestamp":1786447706354,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medical Research Foundation","award":["Grant number MRF-145-0004-TPG-AVISO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant number MRF-145-0004-TPG-AVISO"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["npj Antimicrob Resist"],"DOI":"10.1038\/s44259-026-00250-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T17:44:46Z","timestamp":1785779086000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Making microbes matter: evidence for the use of digital storytelling in antimicrobial resistance public engagement"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Becky","family":"McCall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Grailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Shallcross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"250_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","volume":"399","author":"CJ Murray","year":"2022","unstructured":"Murray, C. J. et al. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet 399, 629\u2013655 (2022).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"250_CR2","unstructured":"O\u2019Neill, J. Tackling Drug-Resistant Infections Globally: Final Report and Recommendations. Review on Antimicrobial Resistance, supported by the Wellcome Trust and HM Government (London, UK, 2016)."},{"key":"250_CR3","unstructured":"HM Government. Confronting antimicrobial resistance 2024 to 2029: The UK\u2019s Five-Year National Action Plan. HM Government, London, UK (2024)."},{"key":"250_CR4","unstructured":"Wellcome. How Drug-Resistant Infections Are Undermining Modern Medicine \u2013 and Why More Research Is Needed Now: A Rapid Evidence Assessment on the Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance (Wellcome, London, UK, 2021)."},{"key":"250_CR5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Antibiotic Resistance: Multi-Country Public Awareness Survey (World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2015)."},{"key":"250_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv310","volume":"71","author":"AR McCullough","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCullough, A. R., Parekh, S., Rathbone, J., Del Mar, C. B. & Hoffmann, T. C. A systematic review of the public\u2019s knowledge and beliefs about antibiotic resistance. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 71, 27\u201333 (2016).","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"250_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/pub.2025.10063","volume":"1","author":"M Joubert","year":"2025","unstructured":"Joubert, M. & Botes, M. Public communication of antimicrobial resistance: a decade of scholarship (2015\u20132024). Public Humanit 1, e172 (2025).","journal-title":"Public Humanit"},{"key":"250_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-023-00379-6","volume":"3","author":"EM Krockow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Krockow, E. M., Cheng, K. O., Maltby, J. & McElroy, E. Existing terminology related to antimicrobial resistance fails to evoke risk perceptions and be remembered. Commun. Med. 3, 149 (2023).","journal-title":"Commun. Med."},{"key":"250_CR9","unstructured":"Wellcome. Reframing Resistance: How to Communicate About Antimicrobial Resistance Effectively (Wellcome, London, UK, 2019)."},{"key":"250_CR10","unstructured":"Wellcome. Wellcome Global Monitor 2018: Public Views on Science, Health and Infectious Diseases (Wellcome, London, UK, 2019)."},{"key":"250_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56160-x","volume":"16","author":"E Scott-Dearing","year":"2025","unstructured":"Scott-Dearing, E., Carter, V., Corley, M., Mathew, P. & Darzi, A. Patient and public involvement and engagement to improve impact on antimicrobial resistance. Nat. Commun. 16, 789 (2025).","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"250_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlad124","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlad124","volume":"5","author":"J Mitchell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mitchell, J. et al. Addressing antimicrobial resistance through community engagement: a framework for developing contextually relevant and impactful behaviour change interventions. JAC Antimicrob. Resist. 5, dlad124 (2023).","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"250_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700424","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.25.1700424","volume":"23","author":"LSJ Roope","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roope, L. S. J. et al. Reducing demand for antibiotic prescriptions: evidence from an online survey of the general public on the interaction between preferences, beliefs and information, United Kingdom, 2015. Eurosurveillance 23, 1700424 (2018).","journal-title":"Eurosurveillance"},{"key":"250_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17766-w","volume":"24","author":"EL Gilham","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gilham, E. L., Pearce-Smith, N., Carter, V. & Ashiru-Oredope, D. Assessment of global antimicrobial resistance campaigns conducted to improve public awareness and antimicrobial use behaviours: a rapid systematic review. BMC Public Health 24, 396 (2024).","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"250_CR15","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. European Antibiotic Awareness Day: Campaign Communication Materials (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Stockholm, Sweden, 2008)."},{"key":"250_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2019.07.011","volume":"48","author":"H Fletcher-miles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fletcher-miles, H. et al. A scoping review to assess the impact of public education campaigns to affect behavior change pertaining to antimicrobial resistance. Am. J. Infect. Control 48, 433\u2013442 (2020).","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"250_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-025-00849-z","volume":"5","author":"K Grailey","year":"2025","unstructured":"Grailey, K. et al. Differing terminology used to describe antimicrobial resistance can in fl uence comprehension and subsequent behavioural intent. Commun. Med. 5, 146 (2025).","journal-title":"Commun. Med."},{"key":"250_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12317","volume":"23","author":"JL McParland","year":"2018","unstructured":"McParland, J. L. et al. What are the \u2018active ingredients\u2019 of interventions targeting the public\u2019s engagement with antimicrobial resistance and how might they work? Br. J. Health Psychol. 23, 804\u2013819 (2018).","journal-title":"Br. J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"250_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/s44259-023-00012-5","volume":"1","author":"B McCall","year":"2023","unstructured":"McCall, B., Shallcross, L., Wilson, M. & Hayward, A. Making microbes matter: storytelling\u2019s potential to make antibiotic resistance real and relevant to the public. npj Antimicrob. Resist. 1, 5 (2023).","journal-title":"npj Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"250_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-6-42","volume":"6","author":"S Michie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Michie, S., van Stralen, M. M. & West, R. The behaviour change wheel: a new method for characterising and designing behaviour change interventions. Implement. Sci. 6, 42 (2011).","journal-title":"Implement. Sci."},{"key":"250_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-5908-7-37","volume":"7","author":"J Cane","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cane, J., O\u2019Connor, D. & Michie, S. Validation of the theoretical domains framework for use in behaviour change and implementation research. Implement. Sci. 7, 37 (2012).","journal-title":"Implement. Sci."},{"key":"250_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.135.4.609","volume":"135","author":"Y Bar-Anan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bar-Anan, Y., Liberman, N. & Trope, Y. The association between psychological distance and construal level: evidence from an implicit association test. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 135, 609\u2013622 (2006).","journal-title":"J. Exp. Psychol. Gen."},{"key":"250_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-013-9486-6","volume":"46","author":"S Michie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Michie, S. et al. The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions. Ann. Behav. Med. 46, 81\u201395 (2013).","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"250_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-022-00282-6","volume":"3","author":"SP Brooks","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brooks, S. P. et al. A framework to guide storytelling as a knowledge translation intervention for health-promoting behaviour change. Implement. Sci. Commun. 3, 35 (2022).","journal-title":"Implement. Sci. Commun."},{"key":"250_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1093\/abm\/kay082","volume":"53","author":"LE Connell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Connell, L. E. et al. Links between behavior change techniques and mechanisms of action: an expert consensus study. Ann. Behav. Med. 53, 708\u2013720 (2018).","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"250_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.79.5.701","volume":"79","author":"MC Green","year":"2000","unstructured":"Green, M. C. & Brock, T. C. The role of transportation in the persuasiveness of public narratives. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 79, 701\u2013721 (2000).","journal-title":"J. Pers. Soc. Psychol."},{"key":"250_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2885.2008.00328.x","volume":"18","author":"E Moyer-Gus\u00e9","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moyer-Gus\u00e9, E. Toward a theory of entertainment persuasion: explaining the persuasive effects of entertainment-education messages. Commun. Theory 18, 407\u2013425 (2008).","journal-title":"Commun. Theory"},{"key":"250_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02879904","volume":"33","author":"MW Kreuter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kreuter, M. W. et al. Narrative communication in cancer prevention and control: a framework to guide research and application. Ann. Behav. Med. 33, 221\u2013235 (2007).","journal-title":"Ann. Behav. Med."},{"key":"250_CR29","first-page":"2548","volume":"22","author":"A de Jager","year":"2017","unstructured":"de Jager, A., Fogarty, A., Tewson, A., Lenette, C. & Boydell, K. M. Digital storytelling in research: a systematic review. Qual. Rep. 22, 2548\u20132582 (2017).","journal-title":"Qual. Rep."},{"key":"250_CR30","unstructured":"Human Behaviour-Change Project. Theory and Techniques Tool. https:\/\/theoryandtechniquestool.humanbehaviourchange.org\/."},{"key":"250_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1093\/tbm\/ibaa050","volume":"11","author":"M Johnston","year":"2021","unstructured":"Johnston, M. et al. Development of an online tool for linking behavior change techniques and mechanisms of action based on triangulation of findings from literature synthesis and expert consensus. Transl. Behav. Med. 11, 1049\u20131065 (2021).","journal-title":"Transl. Behav. Med."},{"key":"250_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13614","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1320645111","volume":"111","author":"MF Dahlstrom","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dahlstrom, M. F. Using narratives and storytelling to communicate science with nonexpert audiences. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 13614\u201313620 (2014).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"250_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40900-021-00305-x","volume":"7","author":"E Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park, E., Forhan, M. & Jones, C. A. The use of digital storytelling of patients\u2019 stories as an approach to translating knowledge: a scoping review. Res. Involv. Engagem. 7, 58 (2021).","journal-title":"Res. Involv. Engagem."},{"key":"250_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frank, A. W. Letting Stories Breathe: A Socio-Narratology (University of Chicago Press, 2010).","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226260143.001.0001"},{"key":"250_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cohen, J. Defining identification: a theoretical look at the identification of audiences with media characters. In Advances in Foundational Mass Communication Theories (Routledge, 2018).","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315164441-14"},{"key":"250_CR36","unstructured":"Lang, M. J. Emerging Horizons: Crafting Meaning and Cultivating Understanding Through Digital Storytelling. PhD Thesis, University of Calgary, (2021)."},{"key":"250_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1177\/0272684X16647359","volume":"36","author":"GT DiFulvio","year":"2016","unstructured":"DiFulvio, G. T., Gubrium, A. C., Fiddian-Green, A., Lowe, S. E. & Del Toro-Mejias, L. M. Digital storytelling as a narrative health promotion process: evaluation of a pilot study. Int. Q. Community Health Educ. 36, 157\u2013164 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. Q. Community Health Educ."},{"key":"250_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53814-6","volume":"14","author":"RA Hamilton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hamilton, R. A., Lond, B., Wilde, L. & Williamson, I. Understanding the lived-experience and support-needs of people living with antimicrobial resistance in the UK through interpretative phenomenological analysis. Sci. Rep. 14, 3403 (2024).","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"250_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13090817","volume":"13","author":"MM AlRawashdeh","year":"2024","unstructured":"AlRawashdeh, M. M. et al. Patient experiences and perceptions with infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms: a systematic review. Pathogens 13, 817 (2024).","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"250_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlaf148","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf148","volume":"7","author":"EM Krockow","year":"2025","unstructured":"Krockow, E. M., Jenkins, D. R., Mkumbuzi, S., Flusberg, S. J. & Tarrant, C. Why antimicrobial resistance messaging fails: qualitative insights interpreted through the elaboration likelihood model. Jac. Antimicrob. Resist. 7, dlaf148 (2025).","journal-title":"Jac. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"250_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32135","DOI":"10.3402\/ijch.v75.32135","volume":"75","author":"JR Rand","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rand, J. R. Inuit women\u2019s stories of strength: informing Inuit community-based HIV and STI prevention and sexual health promotion programming. Int. J. Circumpolar Health 75, 32135 (2016).","journal-title":"Int. J. Circumpolar Health"},{"key":"250_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1499","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105316656243","volume":"23","author":"MJ Perrier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Perrier, M. J. & Martin Ginis, K. A. Changing health-promoting behaviours through narrative interventions: a systematic review. J. Health Psychol. 23, 1499\u20131517 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Health Psychol."},{"key":"250_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/00913367.2015.1018467","volume":"44","author":"F Shen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shen, F., Sheer, V. C. & Li, R. Impact of narratives on persuasion in health communication: a meta-analysis. J. Advert. 44, 105\u2013113 (2015).","journal-title":"J. Advert."},{"key":"250_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit212","volume":"57","author":"E Charani","year":"2013","unstructured":"Charani, E. et al. Understanding the determinants of antimicrobial prescribing within hospitals: the role of \u201cprescribing etiquette\u201d. Clin. Infect. Dis. 57, 188\u2013196 (2013).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"250_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun, V. & Clarke, V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual. Res. Psychol. 3, 77\u2013101 (2006).","journal-title":"Qual. Res. Psychol."},{"key":"250_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy844","volume":"69","author":"E Charani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Charani, E. et al. The differences in antibiotic decision-making between acute surgical and acute medical teams: an ethnographic study of culture and team dynamics. Clin. Infect. Dis. 69, 12\u201320 (2019).","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"250_CR47","unstructured":"The social determinants of antibiotic prescribing: implications for the development and implementation of stewardship interventions. In Practical Implementation of an Antibiotic Stewardship Program (eds. Szymczak, J. E. & Newland, J. G.) 45\u201362 (Cambridge University Press, 2018)."},{"key":"250_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.12.007","volume":"99","author":"J Broom","year":"2018","unstructured":"Broom, J. & Broom, A. Fear and hierarchy: critical influences on antibiotic decision-making in the operating theatre. J. Hosp. Infect. 99, 124\u2013126 (2018).","journal-title":"J. Hosp. Infect."},{"key":"250_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160940691986324","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406919863241","volume":"18","author":"M Lang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lang, M., Laing, C., Moules, N. & Estefan, A. Words, camera, music, action: a methodology of digital storytelling in a health care setting. Int. J. Qual. Methods 18, 1609406919863241 (2019).","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Methods"},{"key":"250_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09559-5","volume":"23","author":"R Turner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Turner, R. et al. A qualitative interview study applying the COM-B model to explore how hospital-based trainers implement antimicrobial stewardship education and training in UK hospital-based care. BMC Health Serv. Res. 23, 770 (2023).","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv. Res."},{"key":"250_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davey, N. Unfinished Worlds: Hermeneutics, Aesthetics, and Gadamer (Edinburgh University Press., 2013).","DOI":"10.3366\/edinburgh\/9780748686223.001.0001"}],"container-title":["npj Antimicrobials and Resistance"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44259-026-00250-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44259-026-00250-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44259-026-00250-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T10:31:45Z","timestamp":1786444305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s44259-026-00250-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44259-026-00250-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-8745"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-8745","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no Competing Financial Interests but the following Competing Non-Financial Interests: L.S. is Deputy Chair of the UK government\u2019s Advisory Committee on Antimicrobial Prescribing, Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infection (APRHAI).The other authors declare no competing non-financial interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"46"}}