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We conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility of sensing the social activity phenotype and loneliness using active and passive markers collected using a smartphone application. The study included 9 schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients followed in the Bipolar Longitudinal study for at least 1 month and for whom mobile communication data was collected using the Beiwe smartphone application. Subjects completed daily surveys on digital and in-person social activity, and feelings of being outgoing or lonely. We described the level and variability of social activity features. We employed k-means clustering to identify \u201cimportant contacts\u201d. Further, we investigated whether social network-derived features of mobile communication are independent predictors of weekly counts of outgoing calls and text, weekly average self-reported digital social activity, and loneliness using mixed effect models and clustering with dynamic time warping distance. Subjects were followed between 5 and 208 weeks (number of days of observation = 2538). The k-means cluster analysis approach identified the number of \u201cimportant contacts\u201d among close friends and family members as reported in clinical interviews. The cluster analysis and longitudinal regression analysis indicate that the number of individuals a person communicates with on their phone is an independent predictor of perceived loneliness, with stronger evidence when \u201cimportant contacts\u201d only are included. This study provides preliminary evidence that the number of \u201cimportant contacts\u201d a person communicates with on their phone is a promising marker to capture subjects\u2019 engagement in mobile communication activity and perceived loneliness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s44277-024-00013-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]],"date-time":"2024-07-24T11:05:22Z","timestamp":1721819122000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Smartphone-based markers of social connectivity in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0664-1194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Valeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habiballah","family":"Rahimi Eichi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Einat","family":"Liebenthal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L.","family":"Rauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dost","family":"Ongur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2569-6086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell","family":"Schutt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka-Pekka","family":"Onnela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"13_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41537-020-00123-2","volume":"6","author":"J He-Yueya","year":"2020","unstructured":"He-Yueya J, Buck B, Campbell A, Choudhury T, Kane JM, Ben-Zeev D, et al. 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Dr. \u00d6ng\u00fcr has received honoraria from Neumora Inc. and Guggenheim LLC for scientific presentations in the past 36 months. Dr. Rauch is employed by McLean Hospital\/Mass General Brigham, and he receives payment for his service on the Board of Community Psychiatry\/Mindpath Health, as Secretary of the Society of Biological Psychiatry, and as a Board member of the National Association of Behavioral Healthcare. He serves on the governing board of the National Network of Depression Centers and receives royalties from Oxford University Press and the American Psychiatric Association. Dr. Onnela has received consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim for work unrelated to the present work. He is also a co-founder and board member of Phebe, a commercial entity that operates in digital phenotyping. Dr. Baker serves as senior editor for DPN and has received consulting fees from Mindstrong Health, Inc., Healios Limited, Inc., and Niraxx, Inc., for unrelated work. The remaining authors have nothing to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}],"article-number":"12"}}