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We previously reported that a single unadjuvanted dose of ChAdOx1 Chik vaccine was safe and elicited cross-protective functional antibodies against four distinctive CHIKV lineages in a Phase 1 trial. Here, we show that the CHIKV structural polyprotein encoded by ChAdOx1 Chik can assemble into CHIKV virus-like particles (VLPs) in mammalian cells. Cryo-EM derived reconstruction confirms that these CHIKV VLPs closely resemble the structure of the native virion and LC-MS demonstrates authentic E1\/E2 glycosylation. In C57BL\/6 mice, unadjuvanted CHIKV VLPs conferred significant protection against viremia and CHIKV-induced foot swelling. A head-to-head comparison of three adjuvant-free platforms encoding structural antigens derived from ChAdOx1 Chik showed that viral-vectors and VLPs induced similar CHIKV-neutralising antibody titres, both surpassing immunisation with soluble E2. Together, these structural and immunogenicity data support a mechanistic rationale that VLP assembly mediated by the clinically relevant ChAdOx1 Chik vaccine contributes to its vaccine-induced protection demonstrated in pre-clinical and clinical studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1038\/s44298-026-00207-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T22:36:05Z","timestamp":1782858965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Structural and immunogenic characterisation of ChAdOx1 Chik-derived Chikungunya VLPs supports a mechanistic rationale for vaccine-induced protection"],"prefix":"10.1038","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Young Chan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiyong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raquel de","family":"Oliveira Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Stass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sthefany","family":"Pagliari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Crispin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate Mareike","family":"K\u00fcmmerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Claser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas A.","family":"Bowden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juha T.","family":"Huiskonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Reyes-Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"207_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-050715-105122","volume":"69","author":"SC Weaver","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weaver, S. 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